Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The use of lasers has revolutionized pediatric dentistry, providing diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive solutions. This article reviews specific applications of high and low power lasers in pediatric dentistry, including their use in frenectomies, caries management, dentin hypersensitivity, photobiomodulation therapy and others. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature on the use of lasers in pediatric dentistry. For this purpose, a search was carried out for articles published in the last five years (2019-2023) in digital databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, SciELO, Scopus and Google Scholar. A search strategy was formulated that included keywords and DeCS and MeSH terms, combined with Boolean operators (OR, AND, NOT). The search in the electronic databases and gray literature yielded 554 articles; after reading titles and abstracts, 53 were selected, and after reviewing the full text, 27 articles were included. The research results confirmed the efficacy of laser in reducing pain, accelerating healing and improving the pediatric patient experience. However, factors such as high cost and lack of a regulatory framework limit its use.

Diatopic and diastratic variation dominate Italy’s linguistic reality. In this crossroads of regional varieties and registers is placed the italiano dei semicolti, a low register Italian characteristic of non-instructed people whose capacity for abstraction in oral contexts are reduced. In Manicomio 1914 (Conti, 1978), published by Mazzota Editore, the epistolary biography of Adalgisa Conti is included, written during her stay in the Arezzo mental hospital, an interview with Antonio Ferrini, former mayor of Anghiari (a small Tuscan town), is collected. In the dialogue between the interviewer and the interviewee, the semi-educated Italian emerges and the conversation that has been faithfully transcribed for the publication of the work predominates. In this descriptive Translation study, we will define the characteristics that define this linguistic phenomenon to later focus on the translation issues intrinsic to these variational factors that condition the translation process so to not rewriting the work in L2 with a register normative that reduces the diversity of the original.

According to the regulations of the Colombian Ministry of National Education stated in 2017, students of undergraduate language programs must have achieved level C1 by the end of the program. Consequently, the general objective of this study was to analyze the degree of proximity to level C1, according to the CEFR, in the four English language skills of students of the last semesters of two language programs at a Colombian university. The research methodology was based on the positivist paradigm and the evaluation method. Data were collected through the application of the Language Proficiency Test of the University of Costa Rica. Results indicated that the majority of students in the last semesters of the two language programs did not reach the C1 level in the four language skills. These results provide the institution with important inputs for analysis and decision making in terms of curricular, methodological, and evaluative revisions and adjustments of the programs under study.

This research addresses the incorporation of conversation gambits into an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) course. The primary objective is to determine the influence of implementing conversation gambits on communication skills. This involves examining the frequency with which students effectively use them and identifying the most frequently used gambits introduced by facilitators. The study involved a total of fifteen students and three instructors, forming a targeted group of educators. Also, it adopted a mixed-method approach, employing a descriptive research design. Five focused observations and frequency tables were used as instruments for data collection. The findings revealed a noteworthy trend as students did not actively employ the conversational gambits introduced by facilitators. This behavior is attributed to the absence of consistent enforcement of the conversation gambits throughout the lessons. The study sheds light on the crucial role of reinforcement in promoting the incorporation of conversation gambits into the communication repertoire of educators in ESP courses.

In a context of frequent questioning of the utility of humanistic studies, French and French Teaching degree students may see altered their motivation towards reading and learning literature. The present study staged the attitude of the students towards the literature courses they received in virtual mode during the years 2021 and 2022, as well as the way in which the experience of moving to the face-to-face mode had an impact on their motivation and their learning. Thanks to the application of questionnaires within a qualitative research, it was possible to collect the students’ perceptions about the effectiveness of the knowledge acquired according to the learning modality, which demonstrated the importance of the role of the teacher in the approach to literature, the relevance of the face-to-face modality in the courses to enhance the teaching capabilities and the proficiency of the students, the convenience of showing aspects merely related to the implications of reading and the need for the involvement of the students in their learning process.

In this work, we present a concise and educational study of gravitational lensing by transparent matter distributions. We focus on the calculation of image properties for several idealized mass profiles, including the uniform transparent sphere, the isothermal gas sphere, the non singular isothermal sphere, and the transparent King profile. Using numerical techniques and the XFGLenses software, we compute and visualize the resulting lensed images, along with the associated critical curves and caustics. The results are consistent with established theoretical predictions for transparent lenses, for example, the occurrence of an odd number of images, and the reduction of two images as the source crosses a caustic. The caustic geometries observed include diamond-shaped, elliptical, and lemniscate-like structures. Among the critical curves, ellipses were most commonly observed, while lemniscatelike forms emerged specifically in the transparent non-singular isothermal sphere case, in agreement with known behaviors in gravitational lensing by smooth matter distributions.

This study aims to examine the comparability of scores on the Reading Comprehension Exam (EDI for its acronym in Spanish) with institutional multiple-choice items in two administration modes, namely paper-based tests and computer-based tests, taken by first-year Costa Rican students from different majors at the University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica. The analysis considered both types of administration by comparing test per- formance and conducting item differential analysis (DIF) among 1145 students during February 2023. Findings revealed that differences between both administration modes are minimal and weak. Furthermore, when differences, they indicate a slight advan- tage of computer-based over paper-based administration. This study exemplifies how to leverage computer-based testing without adversely affecting candidates by adapting a measurement instrument from paper to digital format.

This article presents a construction in the category of symmetrical operads in differential graded modules, which takes an operad defined in a sub S -module and extends it to an operad, whose underlying S -module includes the original. We call this the polynomial operad. This construction depends on the existence of colimits on the category of operads so a detailed review of this result is included.

Objective: To analyze the presence and frequency of dental anomalies and cystic lesions using panoramic radiographs in patients treated at the dental clinic of the Visión de las Américas University Institution, Medellín campus, between 2016 and 2022. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 433 panoramic radiographs of patients who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Two calibrated evaluators performed the review under standardized conditions, with high intraobserver agreement. Results: The sample included 252 women (58%) and 181 men (42%), with a mean age of 36 years. Dental anomalies were found in 382 radiographs (88.22%) and cystic lesions in 123 (28.41%). The most frequent alterations were shape, number, and eruption of teeth, with root dilaceration and impacted teeth being particularly notable. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographs are an effective tool for the early detection of dental anomalies and cystic lesions, essential for preventing alterations in maxillofacial development and function.

Head and neck lesions represent 5% of all neoplasias in the body and 2% of those in the oral cavity. The overall 5-year mortality rate is 50%, hence the importance of early diagnosis. The increased prevalence in individuals under 40 years of age is significant. Oral health professionals are responsible for the early diagnosis of lesions that can become malignant and oral cancer in its earliest stages. Several etiological factors are implicated: tobacco (smoked or chewed), alcohol consumption, diet, immunosuppression, viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), the presence of premalignant lesions, and, some authors argue, local traumatic factors. A clinical case of oral cancer is presented to educate the scientific community, both students and health professionals.