Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Rensch's allometric postulate states that the degree of sexual size dimorphism increases with body size in species where the male is the largest sex and, conversely, decreases in those species where the female is the largest sex. From 30,222 biometric records (wing length and length of the 3rd primary feather) of 5 species of tits (Periparus ater, Cyanistes caeruleus, Lophophanes cristatus, Parus major and Poecile palustris), it was analysed whether that postulate is applicable. For both lineal measures, regressions between sexes appeared isometrical, thus indicating that among these Parid birds, Rensch’s postulate does not apply. It can be argued that this accomplishment is due to the polygyny of these species, plus the fact that both sexes contribute equal to the feeding of the siblings. Moreover, consequently, the consumption of food resources is proportionally the same between sexes, since if the weight ratio between males and females is maintained, it is reasonable to suppose that metabolic rates follow similar proportion.

Macrodactylus nigripes Bates, 1887 is a species of economic importance due to rhizophagous and phytophagous activity of larvae and adults, respectively, which affects the growth of roots and leaves in diverse agricultural crops where chemical synthesis insecticides are used for its management. However, in agroecological production systems, the use of synthetic insecticides is not allowed due to their negative effects on the environment, natural enemies, as well as the health of farm workers and consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to generate strategies that include alternative activities to the use of organochlorine, organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides that are generally applied to control M. nigripes. In the present study, the effect of the application of three types of plant extracts on M. nigripes adults in an apple agroecosystem in Puebla was evaluated, as a management alternative for this species. The effect of 1) commercial neem extract Azadirachta indica (L., 1753) A. Juss, 1830, 2) chicalote oil extract (Argemone mexicana L., 1753), 3) commercial neem extract in combination with cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum J. Presl, 1825) was evaluated with respect to the control (water) on M. nigripes adults. The tests were carried out in an apple tree crop (Malus domestica Borkh., 1803) located at the El Carmen ranch, in Calpan, Puebla, using a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and five treatments. There were no significant differences between the effects of treatments based on plant products with respect to the control in the number of M. nigripes adults present (p = 0.63). However, the commercial neem extract showed a tendency to decrease the number of M. nigripes adults seven days after the first application. In the case of foliar damage, the commercial neem extract and the chicalote oily extract showed a significantly lower percentage of foliar damage caused by these insects (p=0.00016). It is concluded that the best treatments were the commercial neem extract and oily chicalote extract with a reduction of 25% in the percentage of foliar damage by M. nigripes adults, compared to the control.  

Se realizaron colectas en plantaciones de arroz en parcelas a lo largo de las principales áreas de producción en la costa del Golfo de México, para la detección del ácaro Steneotarsonemus spinki y de enemigos naturales, con énfasis en ácaros depredadores y hongos patógenos. Adicionalmente, se evaluó en arenas de observación la capacidad depredadora de una de las especies de ácaros identificados, Gaeolaelaps aculeifer, así como la patogenicidad de los hongos Hirsutella thompsonii, Isaria fumosorosea y Metarhizium anisopliae, sobre S. spinki. Se confirmó la presencia de S. spinki en los estados de Campeche, Tabasco y Veracruz; se identificó además a la especie cercana Steneotarsonemus furcatus infestando arroz. Se identificaron los ácaros depredadores Lasioseius mcgregori, L. subterraneus, Gaeolaelaps aculeifer, Proctolaelaps curtipilis y Neoseiulus paspalivorus. El ácaro G. aculeifer mostró una limitada capacidad depredadora, con consumo diario entre cuatro y 11 ejemplares; de los hongos probados, H. thompsoni mostró la mayor infectividad y potencial para usarse como agente de biocontrol de S. spinki, con 45% de infección de dicho ácaro.

The knowledge of the millipedes and centipedes is scarce for Mexico, despite its ecological relevance; in Mexico City, and before this study, the current number of species of millipedes and centipedes were 14 and 17 respectively. In the present work the diversity of both groups was evaluated in the Protected Natural Area Bosque de Tlalpan. The study was carried out for a period of eight months, from February to September 2022, two collection methods were implemented, direct sampling and soil and leaf litter samples. Diversity was evaluated using Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index. Sampling efficiency was analyzed through species accumulation curves, using ICE, Chao 2 and Jacknife 1 estimators. Nine species were recorded, six of the Diplopoda class and three of the Chilopoda Class; for the first time, three species and two genera of millipedes were recorded for Mexico City. The diversity within the study area was considered low (H´= 1.55) with the dominance of some species (J´= 0.70). Sampling efficiency exceeded 91 % in all estimators, indicating that obtained richness was close to the expected. The number of millipede species recorded in Mexico City increased from 14 to 19.

In this text we review the polysemic concept of border and its use in migration research in Chile, in order to propose an understanding of the border as a dispositif that, rather than subjectivising, is desubjectivising. To do so, we articulate the theoretical proposals of Foucault and Wieviorka, understanding the dispositif as an articulation of knowledge that institutes a division between “nationals” and “migrants” based on racist violence. Thus, the border dispositif allows us to explain not only the naturalisation of this division, but also the effects that this construction has on those who are produced as “migrants”, namely the super-exploitation of labour and dependency, which we have shown in previous research.

La puertorriqueña Rosario Ferré y el chileno Rafael Maluenda transforman “lo artificial” en algo monstruoso. De un estado inerte, con apariencias engañosas las muñecas protagonistas de estos escritores captan la esencia del mal. A través del engaño la esencia artificial de las muñecas Polidoro de la novela de 1958 de Maluenda, Vampiro de trapo y Amalia del cuento del mismo nombre (de la colección Papeles de Pandora de Ferré, de 1976) es una trampa-son aparatos de decepción.  Este informe propone que las muñecas de Maluenda y de Ferré son marcadores de posición de actos siniestros cuyos e/afectos dejan huellas en y hasta matan a sus “dueños” humanos.  La anatomía artificial, fabricada por seres humanos y destinada a fines en el mundo corporal, ocupa un lugar “verdadero” y tocable.  Esconde una maquinaria sólo empujada por la mano humana.  En los textos examinados aquí las fuerzas externas hacen andar las muñecas y su “presencia” es resultado de eventos mucho más macabros que las dos muñecas...

Starting from the encyclopaedic determination of the ideal, this paper analyses the Anschauung or intuition as a medium or form (Form) proper to art, problematising this determination based on the inclusion of representation as a figurative representation (bildliches Vorstellen) or as a figurative thought (vorbildliche Gedanke). It is then argued that in turn a double sense of Anschauung would be at play, and that in art the sensible immediacy of the first intuition, alien to the spirit, is overcome and replaced by the spiritual or spirit's own immediacy, i.e., it is replaced by an immediacy immanent to the spirit. At this point, an explanation of the signifying power of language is introduced to clarify the meaning of the sign in Hegel. Finally, it is proposed that, based on the distinction between the two senses of Anschauung and bearing in mind the meaning of the sign in Hegel, an understanding of the task of art can be achieved, namely that the work of art ceases to be a symbol and becomes a sign of the spirit or the Argos of a thousand eyes.

The concept of "proper body" or "lived body" proposed by phenomenology has allowed the recognition of the fundamental experience of "being a body" as opposed to "having a body", that is, of being an embodied existence. The aim of this paper is to present the main elements of the phenomenological concept of the body, as developed by authors such as Edmund Husserl, Edith Stein, Merleau-Ponty and Michel Henry, and then to discuss this concept in the light of the contributions made by classical and contemporary feminist philosophers such as Simone de Beauvoir or Iris Marion Young among others. In this way we will review some fundamental ideas that feminism and gender studies have contributed to the reflection on women's bodies, highlighting the recognition of cultural and patriarchal mandates on the constitution of the female body, roles, identity and self-image. Finally, we will list some of the issues and problems that are open to reflection on the female body, in particular, the canons of beauty, fat bodies, and the body in old age.

Resnais’s Last Year at Marienbad is considered one of the indisputable classics of modern cinema due to the series of technical, structural and narrative innovations it introduces, even so, a disturbing dimension of his was not fully addressed by specialized critics Only through feminist studies was it possible to begin to resignify what was hidden by the elegant and abstract formalism constructed by Robbe-Grillet and Resnais. In this sense, our reading starts from Higgins’ classic reading of Marienbad as an unconsciously phallocentric film, in which it is narrated the story of a rape and its subsequent cover-up; however, our hypothesis holds that Robbe-Grillet deliberately constructs an ambiguous device to maliciously subvert all knowledge. In this way, the consideration of Robbe-Grillet’s texts as hermeneutic “traps” thus opens a path of analysis that allows revealing novel elements to the film. Our work therefore proposes a comparative reading of Robbe-Grillet’s cine-roman and Resnais’s film to analyze the ways in which the former immanently plots to disavow the authorial figure of the latter and introduce confusion in the reader/spectator.

The notion of the shared origin between calligraphy and painting is an important topic in the history of Chinese art. In this article, we aim to delve into the underlying connection that binds these two domains and to explore their significance in artistic creation. With this purpose, we will analyze the refined aesthetic conceptions presented by Master Shi Tao (1642-1707) in the chapter “Painting and Writing in One” from his seminal work Arts of Painting. This article will unveil that both artistic forms originate from the creative transformation of the “image of the heart,” and that there exists an isomorphic heterogeneity in the relationship between icon, characters, calligraphy, and painting. This pattern of correlation between the arts and nature embodies the ideal aesthetic principle pursued by Chinese artists as they seek a harmonious spiritual concord between humans and the universe.