Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Reflection about cinema’s ontology has been a basic point on film theory (Casetti, 1994).  However, the relationships between cinema and truth can be only studied through a philosophic system that analyzes the technological structure of the cinematographic device. In this article, we assume the bases of philosophical materialism from Gustavo Bueno (2018) in order to comment the idea of cinema as fake simulation. Comparing realistic and idealistic theories, we define cinema as an indeterminate representation whose truth can be constructed dialogically.

The relationship between history and fiction has always been difficult, although it has improved in recent decades given the potential of the audiovisual medium to disseminate knowledge of our past. Among historical fiction, a prominent place is occupied by biopics, which have recently received singular attention in Spain around the main protagonists of a key episode in our history: the Transition to democracy. The objective of this article is to analyze the way, in which the history of the transition to democracy and its protagonists, has been reconstructed in the biopics made about Adolfo Suárez, Vicente Enrique y Tarancón, Juan Carlos I and Torcuato Fernández-Miranda, which show the hagiographic and elitist tone from which this episode of our recent past is projected

Introduction: The alteration of the planetary climate, attributed directly or indirectly to human activity, which modifies the composition of the world atmosphere and adds to the natural variability of the climate, is known as global climate change. Its direct and indirect health effects, already present, will disturb most populations in the coming decades and put the lives and well-being of billions of people at risk. Objective: To describe, based on a review, the main risks to human health derived from the greater frequency and intensity of episodes of thermal stress derived from climate change. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out regarding the effects of temperature on human health, as well as its influence on general mortality, in the period 2008 to 2021, in the Scopus, PubMed/Medline, SciELO, Ebsco, LiLACS, as well as other information sources and resources available on the Internet. The controlled vocabulary descriptors in Health Sciences were used. Results: 32 publications on the influence of climate and its changes on human health were recovered, which generally stated that high temperatures were related to the increase in mortality, mainly due to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases, and have become a significant contributor to the burden of disease. Conclusions: Extreme temperatures increase acute morbidity and mortality, mainly in risk groups. The promotion of adequate hydration and the use of adequate clothing will help people in the prevention of conditions caused by extreme temperatures, establishing individual actions to protect against the effects of the greater frequency and intensity of heat stress events associated with climate change, to incorporate into daily life. DeCS:CLIMATE CHANGE; GLOBAL WARMING; HEAT STRESS DISORDERS; PEAK TEMPERATURE; HEALTH PROMOTION.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is currently the second most frequent neoplasm. Most of them are sporadic, another small proportion corresponds to hereditary forms. However, it is estimated that in 15-20% of cases there may be an associated hereditary component. First-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer constitute a universe with a higher risk of developing this disease than that of the general population, so screening is recommended in these individuals. Objective: To determine the frequency of adenomatous polyps in individuals with first-degree relatives diagnosed with colon cancer. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out, including 126 adult relatives with first-degree blood relatives with colon cancer, who underwent colonoscopy at the Institute of Gastroenterology between December 2019 and December 2021. The characteristics of the adenomatous polyps found are described. Results: The mean for age was 55.9 ± 10.6, women predominated: 94 (74.6 %). Thirty-nine (30.9 %) adenomatous polyps were found; 27 (69.2 %) were sessile and 12 (30.7 %) pedunculated; in 26 (66.7 %) the size was less than 10 mm. The majority, 37 (94.8 %), were of the tubular type. Diversity was observed as to the location of the lesions, with no predominance in any anatomical segment. Conclusions: Precursor lesions of colorectal cancer, such as adenomatous polyps, are common in asymptomatic individuals with first-degree relatives who have had this malignancy. DeCS: ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI; ADENOMATOUS POLYPS; COLONIC NEOPLASMS; COLONOSCOPY; MASS SCREENING.

Introduction: Chronic immunoinflammatory periodontal diseases are classified among the most common affections of the human gender, which may be associated with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: To identify the most common periodontal manifestations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out. The universe consisted of 107 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, the non-probabilistic sample of 50 patients who attended a dental consultation during the study period, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria provided for in the study. The main variables studied were: age, sex, time since diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, presence of periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis), risk factors. Results: Ages between 49 and 58 years prevailed, followed by 39 to 48 years with 34 and 26% respectively, predominantly female with 46% affected by gingivitis, affected with more than 7 years with 58%, the poor oral hygiene followed by the cariogenic diet prevailed with 54 and 50% respectively. Conclusions: The female sex prevailed in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis affected by gingivitis, both diseases are systemic inflammatory, so the connection between the two can be explained. DeCS: PERIODONTAL DISEASES; ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID/diagnosis; PERIODONTITIS; GINGIVITIS; RISK FACTORS.

Introduction: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is an entity of clinical relevance in patients in settings related to surgical interventions. The mortality rate from this cause has decreased in recent years. Objective: To describe the diagnostic and therapeutic management of intermediate risk pulmonary thromboembolism. Case report: A 62-year-old male patient who was hospitalized for having been operated on for gangrenous appendicitis. In the immediate postoperative period, he begins with symptoms of respiratory distress, complementary tests are performed, including a transthoracic echocardiogram, where McConnell's sign is evident, for which an intermediate-risk pulmonary thromboembolism is diagnosed. The patient undergoes standardized thrombolytic treatment, after which the clinical and echocardiographic parameters evolve towards improvement. Conclusions: The diagnosis and treatment of intermediate risk pulmonary thromboembolism in the immediate postoperative period of appendectomy was described. The usefulness of the use of transthoracic Doppler echocardiography was evidenced with the identification of the characteristic signs and the successful application of systemic thrombolysis. DeCS: APENDICITIS/surgery; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PULMONARY EMBOLISM/ diagnosis; PULMONARY EMBOLISM/ therapy; CASE REPORTS.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem worldwide. The cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients is similar to that observed in non-diabetics who have suffered myocardial infarction. Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular risk in patients admitted to the Diabetic Care Center of Pinar del Río. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out in patients admitted to the Diabetic Care Center belonging to the Abel Santamaría Cuadrado General Teaching Hospital in Pinar del Río province, in the period from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2020. The universe of study was made up of 689 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and the sample was 527, selected through simple random probabilistic sampling, with an expected frequency of 50 %, confidence limit 5 % and confidence level 95 %. For the analysis of the information, the statistical system, Statistical Package for Social Sciences, was applied, univariate analysis of a descriptive nature was applied, and descriptive statistics were used, such as the distribution of absolute and relative frequencies. The non-parametric Chi square test was used for qualitative data with a significance level of 95 % (pResults: The female sex (53.89 %), age group 60 to 69 years of age (31.31 %) and white-skinned patients (75.9 %) predominated in the series. There was a preponderance of overweight/obesity (74.75 %), followed by arterial hypertension (73.62 %). Low cardiovascular risk prevailed (44.97 %). Conclusions: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease associated with cardiovascular complications that causes increased cardiovascular risk and impaired quality of life. It is essential to establish primary prevention strategies to detect risks early. DeCS: HEART DISEASE RISK FACTORS; INPATIENTS; DIABETES MELLITUS; QUALITY OF LIFE; DAY CARE, MEDICAL.

Introduction: Anthrax is the name given to the infection of several contiguous hair follicles and is caused by highly invasive pathogenic germs. It is generally caused by Staphylococcus aureus and can have systemic repercussions. The risk factors for developing this lesion are: diabetes, obesity, lack of hygiene, immunosuppression, hyperhidrosis, pre-existing dermatitis. Objective: To make the clinical presentation of a patient diagnosed with giant anthrax. Case report: This is a 66-year-old woman, with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus under treatment, who attended the General Surgery service for presenting an insect bite in the lower region of the back, which was treated in the health area with antimicrobials and did not resolve. She was admitted with a diagnosis of giant anthrax and with the administration of general intravenous anesthesia, a necrectomy was performed. The postoperative period was uncomplicated and she was discharged after seven days. Conclusions: The immediate medical care based on the parenteral administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials, local cures and uninterrupted follow-up in the outpatient clinic of the patient with giant anthrax, ensures the effectiveness of the surgical treatment with full recovery, without having to apply grafts. DeCS: CARBUNCLE/diagnosis; CARBUNCLE/drug therapy; CARBUNCLE/transmission; SKIN DISEASES, INFECTIOUS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS.

Asociada al interés por la (re)presentación de una imagen ideal, la labor educativa jugó un relevante papel en el modelado de la condición femenina bajomedieval, sirviéndose de determinadas piezas para potenciar la transmisión de valores asociados con la virtud, el decoro y la devoción requeridas para una dama en la época. A través de este estudio trataremos de identificar las similitudes existentes entre los patrones educacionales asociados al uso de los libros y los tapices como transmisores sensoriales de instrucción femenina, ofreciendo nuevas lecturas acerca de su reciprocidad funcional y los parámetros de significación vinculados a su transmisión. Ambos compartían temáticas moralizantes e instructivas, así como un mismo espacio para su disfrute sensorial y potenciales “lecturas femeninas” asociadas con la memoria familiar y la emulación de patrones de comportamiento y actuación bien delimitados.

Las sinfonías urbanas de la vanguardia cinematográfica reflejaron el pensamiento estético y filosófico del momento. La historiografía ha recalcado la trascendencia de la imagen, la técnica del montaje y el universo simbólico o el formal, pero ha desatendido, en cierta forma, el alcance de la banda sonora. El debate planteado por Schopenhauer, Valery o Benjamin sobre la percepción del ruido y del sonido fue un aspecto valorado en las composiciones musicales que buscaron la reinterpretación y la reproducción del ambiente de la metrópoli. El citadino estaba sometido a un sinfín de estímulos marcados por un ritmo frenético según Nietzsche y Simmel. Las sinfonías y documentales coetáneos inspirados en la ciudad trasladaron el escenario a las calles. Ruttmann durante el rodaje de Berlín, sinfonía de una gran ciudad (1927) prescindió del estudio y actores profesionales. Meisel compuso la música adaptada a los fotogramas. Pero, el director alemán también experimentó con los sonidos y los ruidos en sus filmes ópticos y en su programa de radio. Ello permite constatar la interrelación entre el cine experimental, la necesidad de pintar sonidos y la renovación de los instrumentos. En suma, presentamos una breve reflexión sobre el sonido y su repercusión en el cine mudo.