Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La alta incidencia de reportes sobre amputados de extremidad inferior que no tienen acceso a una prótesis y el uso de tecnologías disruptivas como alternativa a los problemas que acarrea la técnica tradicional de construcción de estos dispositivos han sido las principales motivaciones de la presente investigación. Se estableció como objetivo desarrollar una cuenca o socket de contención isquiática que podrá ser utilizada en una prótesis de miembro inferior para un paciente amputado transfemoral, haciendo uso de fabricación digital (escáner, software CAD-CAM e impresora 3D FDM), y estudiar su viabilidad como método alternativo a las tecnologías tradicionales lo cual permitirá ofrecer soluciones que incrementen la asequibilidad y accesibilidad para este tipo de dispositivos protésicos. A efectos de lo anterior, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, se determinó una metodología para el proyecto combinando la sucesión secuencial de acciones y la iteración de determinadas fases con retroalimentación, enfatizando la parametrización y las simulaciones realizadas para asegurar el correcto diseño, lo anterior enfocado en un caso clínico de paciente con amputación transfemoral; de esta forma, a partir de un archivo digital escaneado del muñón residual, se modeló y fabricó un encaje específico para el amputado y se simularon tres casos de carga crítica (choque de talón, apoyo medio y despegue). Por último, se llevó a cabo una evaluación y pruebas anatómicas en el paciente determinándose que es posible fabricar cuencas transfemorales anotómicas de contención isquiática para prótesis de miembro inferior empleando tecnologías disruptivas.

The present investigation is framed in the study of the structuring of the public policies of social inclusion that are managed with the groups of priority attention in the Autonomous Decentralized Parochial Governments of Ecuador, in the specific case a study of the Parochial GAD of Victoria del Portete del canton Cuenca province of Azuay; with which it will be possible to demonstrate the structuring, implementation and degree of satisfaction of this kind of policies around the public service. Methodologically, the deductive method is applied, focused on delimiting the object of knowledge starting from the general to the particular, taking into account that the research is exploratory in which the qualitative and quantitative method has been applied. As results, it can be pointed out that at the level of the Victoria del Portete parish GAD, to a greater extent, programs have been generated to manage the issue of social inclusion, without taking into account the vision of a comprehensive public policy construction that guarantees the exercise of rights. of priority care groups in the long term, which is why it denotes the lack of analysis or studies on the construction of public policies.

Disaster Risk Management is a social process with the purpose of preventing, reducing and controlling risk factors, as well as preparing for and responding to such situations, seeking to protect the lives of the population and their assets. Therefore, this research was carried out through a systematic review of the literature on the methods used for risk management, both qualitative and quantitative. Methodologically, it was approached as an analytical type documentary research, from the interpretative approach, carrying out a critical review of the state of knowledge. The analysis of the information allowed to deepen and reflect on the strategies in the governance of disaster risk management in the municipal governments of Ecuador and the social participation involved in its implementation, which makes necessary the consolidation of planning as a response to disasters, it is through the association with different entities and organizations that allows to guide and adjust the plans created previously, thus approving the creation of a joint perspective of how the plans should be made and consequently, the harmonious response to the emergency or eventual disaster.

The objective of the research is to analyze the relationship between depression and suicide risk in a group of teenagers from Tungurahua. A non-experimental design investigation was carried out, with a quantitative approach, descriptive and correlational scope, cross-sectional; on a sample of 336 adolescents from different educational institutes. The tools applied are the Beck Depression Inventory and the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale. Among the main results, it is evident that the adolescents of the educational units reflect moderate levels of depression (14.3%), and suicidal risk in 24.7%. It is also evident that there is a high positive, statistically significant correlation between depression and suicidal risk in the sample evaluated 0.753 (p<0.01). Finally, the analysis of covariance reveals that depression predicts the presence of suicide risk in the population examined by up to 54.2%.

Due to the increase of water eutrophication, it is necessary to develop technologies aimed at the tertiary treatment of wastewater until reaching levels according to the different regulations worldwide. This is how this study presents relevant information on the application of a natural muscovite to obtain a composite that allows reducing the concentration of phosphate in aqueous solutions. In this way it has been possible to obtain a pollucite/ferrihydrite/hematite composite in the form of pellets as the main mineralogical phases. Thus, a wide variety of batch experimental tests were carried out to assess the effectiveness of phosphate adsorption by powdered muscovite (P1M2—Fe—Al) and pollucite/ferrihydrite/hematite composite (pellets). Adsorption took place by physical and chemical adsorption; Additionally, the phosphate fractionation tests allowed corroborating the adsorption mechanisms proposed by electrostatic attraction and by monodentate and bidentate complexation reactions. Furthermore, phosphate adsorption is viable under normal conditions of the treated wastewater, since the adsorbent does not require pH adjustment. The pellet adsorbent presented a relatively slow adsorption, since it seems that intraparticle diffusion is the main mechanism that governs phosphate adsorption. Thus, in two hours of adsorption it was possible to adsorb 50% of phosphate. The powdered adsorbent had a better adsorption compared to the pellets, since with calcination the porosity blocks the access channels for the union of the phosphate with the oxy hydroxide groups of iron and aluminum. The regeneration of the pellets was limited, so the possibility of the final disposal of this adsorbent as a soil improver was evidenced, providing nutrients for plant growth. Thus, the use of the pollucite/ferrihydrite/hematite composite can contribute to solving the problems linked to the high concentrations of nutrients in the treated wastewater and, on the other hand, to the recovery of phosphates that can be added to the soil.

Abstract This research was developed in micro-enterprises in the Otavalo canton, where students from the Accounting and Auditing career of the University of Otavalo participated in the pre-professional internship phase accompanied by the tutor teacher. The objective was to apply the financial audit manual of the Observatory of Business Sciences (OBCE), and to examine the financial statements of the Daniel's Cafetería and the ORTHO - ESTETIC dental office, with the purpose of determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the administration and establishing the causes of its stagnation. The methodology used was experimental research with a descriptive and explanatory scope, it sought to detect errors in management, the information was collected through direct observation and document review. As a result, shortcomings were detected in the administrative and financial management processes that could be corrected. It is concluded that the theoretical foundations in auditing are very important, since they provide knowledge and improvement tools applicable in practice, and respond to the needs for improvement of administrative processes.    

The search for more sustainable and less polluting alternatives for the textile industry has led to exploring the use of natural and organic pigments for dyeing fabrics. The objective of this research is to  analyze the formation of nanopigments with annatto  extract for use in 100% cotton dyeing. The scientific method used is experimental and observation, in addition several qualitative techniques are used and for the extraction goes through dynamic maceration, rotavapor, separation with hydroxides and extracts a random sample is taken and for convenience the homogeneous mixture is made with the nanoclay where the nanopigments were obtained through a synthesis process in which hydrated clay of Trimethyl Stearyl Ammonium was used  as a support, and organic molecules of annatto were inserted. Then we proceed to dye several samples of cotton by recipe provided, to later perform the washing. The nanopigments obtained were characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy SEM and with  the spectrophotometer the  color fastness  to the wash is evaluated and by the Cie94  calculator the Delta-E is obtained. Among the SEM findings  the sample  Co_9 Trimethyl + P has a titration (2) = presence of NP, with a reddish-orange brick  color with (∆E = 58.61) the opposite happens with the sample Co_5 Trimethyl + R, is valued as (1) = reduced presence NC, has a color:     Very weak pale yellowish (∆E = 3.46  ) and the solidity of the dye was evaluated  and the dry and wet rubbing is also assessed with the gray scale. Likewise, the average  yield of  9.09% is obtained, obtaining results in terms of solidity 1 and color change 5 in fabrics dyed with solid pigment as opposed to low fastness in fabrics with liquid dye. Therefore, it is concluded that the annatto nanopigments obtained are a viable and sustainable alternative for textile dyeing and its application in the textile industry.

(1) Background: In wastewater are present many microorganisms that are pathogenic and dangerous to health, among some of those identified are viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa and helminths, in the process of wastewater treatment, workers of these plants, could be exposed to these pathogens and serious health problems. (2) The objective of this study is to define the biological agents, determine the level of biological risk by quantifying the variables proposed by the method and analyze the BIOGAVAL methodology, the feasibility and advantages of its application. (3) Methods: The BIOGAVAL methodology is used, which has been created for activities in which biological agents are not deliberately handled, as is the case of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP), this methodology uses variables such as: determination of the jobs to be evaluated, identification of the biological agent involved, quantification of the variables determining the risk, classification of the damage, transmission route, incidence rate of the previous year, vaccination, frequency of performing risk tasks, hygienic measures adopted, calculation of the biological risk level, interpretation of the biological risk levels. (4) Conclusions: It is shown that hazardous microbiological agents originate from discharges discharged from nearby establishments and activities, for the application the following microorganisms are defined: Escherichia Coli, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp and Áscaris Lumbricoides. The risk level is determined as Acceptable. The BIOGAVAL methodology is proposed as a practical, useful and low-cost alternative, it is considered feasible for application in activities without deliberate intention of handling biological agents as opposed to quantitative bacteriological sampling methods in air or surfaces, as well as in the detection of bioaerosols.

The research is focused on analyzing oral litigation techniques for a strategic litigation in criminal matters, in this sense, it is based on the normative precedent related to the international trend of the incorporation of orality in criminal procedural systems, which has generated the need to analyze the litigation techniques that will allow a better performance of litigating lawyers according to certain theoretical foundations that have been developed at a dogmatic level. The method used is based on a qualitative descriptive investigation, being a documentary type investigation, using the critical documentary analysis of the doctrine, obtaining as conclusions that it is necessary to master the fundamentals of oral litigation techniques and the elements that make life to theory level of the case to achieve optimal performance that is part of the so-called strategic litigation in the criminal field.  

Introduction: The first quarter of 2020 has been influenced by the spread of a pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes a condition (COVID-19), diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases that causes complications and mortality when a patient suffers COVID-19. Objective: To identify the relationship between the importance of education for diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out with the bibliographic analysis method through a search carried out between the years 2006 and 2021, where specialized databases were consulted and 27 scientific publications on the subject were selected. Results: Education, self-care and educational models are important. In diabetes, changes in lifestyles are essential: physical activity, good eating habits and avoiding unhealthy behaviors, as they are some of the factors that promote diabetes. The standard recommendations issued by the WHO to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 infection include: regular hand washing, especially after contact with sick people or their surroundings, covering the mouth and nose when coughing and sneezing, cooking well meat and eggs, avoid close contact with anyone showing symptoms of respiratory illness, avoid traveling to affected cities and areas. In the case of travelers with symp-toms of acute respiratory infection, they should practice cough etiquette, both diseases can be prevented. Conclusions: In both diabetes and COVID-19, education is essential to prevent it, hence the importance of ensuring health and promoting an educational culture based on self-care. DeCS: COVID-19; DIABETES MELLITUS; SELF CARE; HEALTH EDUCATION; PREVENTIVE HEALTH SERVICES.