Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The effectiveness of the Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas donghuensis strains for thecontrol of Fusarium oxysporum and Pythium aphanidermatum, which cause the drowning of chili seedlings in the greenhouse, was evaluated. Its pathogenicity to cause the disease was verified and antagonism tests were obtained in culture plates with enriched PDA. Through the in vitro confrontation of these phytopathogens with three strains of the species Bacillus subtilis, it was observed that this sporulate has the capacity to inhibit to a greater or lesser degree (39.35- 56.24 %) the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum, but not the from P. aphanidermatum, none of the Bacillus isolates used in this study had an effect in inhibiting this Oomycete, since it grew faster than the spore-forming bacteria, since P. aphanidermatum developed and grew to fill the culture plate in just 36 hours. On the other hand, P. donghuensis inhibited the growth of this last phytopathogen by 56 %, however, it did not present an inhibition effect against F. oxysporum, so it could be feasible to use mixtures of these two antagonists for the management of this disease and be able to control Damping off problems caused by these phytopathogens.

The genus Tithonia has been extensively studied to determine its bioactive effects of pharmaceutical and nutritional interest; therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial effect of five extracts of Tithonia tubaeformis, obtained with ascending polarity solvents, hexane, dichloromethane,ethyl acetate, methanol, and ethanol. In addition, tannins, alkaloids, and total phenols were identified. The antioxidant effect of ABTS radicals, DPPH, and ferric ion reducing power was measured, and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of each extract was determined on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes. The results showed that the five extracts have antioxidanteffects on ABTS, DPPH radicals, and ferric ion-reducing potential; however, methanol and ethanol had a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05). In addition, methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts showed antimicrobial activity; ethanol solvent was the best, with a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 1 mg/mL on Escherichia coli and 3 mg/mL on Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, andListeria monocytogenes respectively. These results suggest that Tithonia tubaeformis may be of pharmaceutical and nutritional interest due to the bioactive effects of phytochemicals in its extracts.

The objective of this research was to morphologically identify the thrips associated with blueberry cultivation in the municipalities of Xalisco and Tepic, Nayarit; In addition, biorational insecticides were evaluated for their management. During the year 2022, thrips were captured with the knockdown technique directly in the crop. Insecticides were applied with 5-liter manual sprayers, with 8-pound pressure and extension with a full cone nozzle. Five applications were made with intervals of 15 days. In Xalisco, eight species of thrips were recorded, while in Tepic only Scirtothrips dorsalis was recorded, which predominated in both properties. Formulated products based on cinnamon extract, garlic, azadirachtin, mustard, a regional control Spintor® (Spinosad) and an absolute control (water) were evaluated individually. The cinnamon extract was the most effective biorational with 73.5% control, while the mustard extract obtained 32.44% being the least effective. The previous results show that the thrips fauna in the blueberry crop is diverse and is mostly represented by S. dorsalis, which is a pest species of this crop in other producing states, in addition, biorational products were found with the potential to be incorporated in an integrated thrips management program.

The tilapia Oreochromis aureus is the main source of income for the fisheries sector in the Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez reservoir, Sinaloa, México. Data that contribute to the pool of biological and fishery information which can be used to lay the groundwork for an appropriate management plan for this species is of extreme importance. Monthly sampling data of the commercial fishery conducted from October 2011 to April 2012 in this reservoir were used to modelling the growth through the Schunte model, and the best sub model (cases) was chosen according to Akaike’s criteria. The size at maturity for females and the selectivity for the total population were estimated with the logistic model. From 1,689 tilapias analyzed the sizes fluctuated from 125-305 mm of total length (TL) for females, and from 125-370 TL for males. The best Shunte’s cases were 2 and 5 according to Akaike’s criteria. The female maturity size calculated was 197 mm TL.  Based on these values for growth, size at maturity and selectivity for the species, it may be deduced that there is some factor that is negatively impacting juvenile and fertile female tilapia at the reservoir.

Caloptilia stigmatella (Fabricius) is recorded for the first time as part of the flora-mining microlepidoptera in the Chapala riviera in Jalisco, Mexico on a climbing plant identified as Serjania recemosa Schumach, new host plant. To obtain the adults, larvae and pupae of Caloptilia stigmatella, collections of leaves with signs of damage due to mining caused by the larvae were made, which were placed in an incubation chamber with controlled temperature and humidity. This gracilarid was originally described in England and is currently distributed throughout Europe, Asia, Russia, China, Canada and the United States of America, feeding on several species of the Salicaceae family, mainly the Salix spp. and Populus spp. genera. Although reports indicate that Caloptilia stigmatella shows a Holarctic distribution, we can see a migration trend towards the Neotropical zone and despite its preference for feeding on plants of the Salicaceae family, here we find it feeding on a species of Sapindaceae.

Agave coyote (Agave spp.) is a wild species used for its great potential for mezcal production in Oaxaca, Mexico. This study evaluated and compared the response in growth, nutrition and total soluble solids content (SST, sugars) in agave coyote to the application of slow-release fertilizers (FLL) under field conditions. Three treatments were evaluated under a completely randomized block design: control (without fertilization), Osmocote plus® (15-09-12) and Multicote Agri® (18-06-12), with four replications, including 5 plants per treatment in each replication. After 10 months, plant height (AP), unfolded leaves number (NHD), stem circumference (CT), root volume (VR), root density (DR), leaves fresh weight (PFH); stem fresh weight (PFT); roots fresh weight (PFR); leaves dry weight (PSH); stem dry weight (PST); roots dry weight (PSR), SST, and leaf content of Ca2+, Na+, NO3- and K+ were measured. With reference to the control plants, the AP increased 21.2%, NHD 28.4%, PFH 77.0%, PFT 62.8%, PSH 177.0%, PST 53.1% and PSR 39.1% with the application of Osmocote. Multicote increased 15.3% AP, as well as the leaf content of K+ by 25.6%, NO3- by 26.2% and Na+ by 29.8%. CT, VR, DR, PFR, leaf content of Ca2+ and SST content did not respond significantly to fertilization. Agaves are plants with a long growing cycle, so a greater number of evaluations are needed to corroborate the response of this agave to FLL application.

Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus L.) belongs to the legume family and to the Pachyrhizus genus; the edible structural organ of this plant is the root; It is consumed fresh, it has a low caloric content (40 cal), vitamins, minerals and carbohydrates such as starch; this is unique among carbohydrates that occur in nature in the form of intracellular granules; The importance of the physical organization of these granules in their functionality and behavior of food products is recognized. Therefore, the objective of this research was the physicochemical and proximal chemical characterization of jicama starch and flour from the Pantanal and Camichin localities in the state of Nayarit, which generated four treatments (T1=Pantanal Almidón, T2= Camichin Almidón, T3=Pantanal Flour and T4= Camichín Flour); The variables of pH, titratable acidity, apparent density, color, moisture, ashes, proteins, lipids, amylose, amylopectin, total fiber and total carbohydrates were evaluated. T2 starch presented the highest values ​​of ashes (2.44%), fiber (170 mg/100g) and carbohydrates (1.50 g), in the same way T4 flour presented the highest values ​​of ashes (3 .55%), protein (11.04%), fiber (181 mg/100g) and carbohydrates (1.70 g). These characteristics make them viable both for the partial or total substitution of commercial starches and flours, as well as in the production of different foods based on them.

One of the factors that threatens maize landrace diversity is the growing urbanization, because it results in the reduction of agricultural areas and contributes to the loss of varieties. Even though the urbanization process is taking place in several rural areas, to date there are few studies aimed at assessing the level of morphological diversity present among the maize landraces still cultivated in those spaces and to determine their degree of association with the races there reported. This was the objective of the present study. Therefore, during the year 2021, in the municipality of Coronango, Puebla, we recollected 54 maize landraces, which, together with three racial controls, six experimental varieties and a commercial control, were evaluated under rainfed conditions in three auxiliary councils within the municipality, using an 8x8 simple lattice design. We evaluated 37 variables (phenological, morphological and derived indexes), which were subjected to a combined analysis of variance, cluster and principal components analyses. We found highly significant differences among materials for the 37 variables. The multivariate analyses revealed the existence of three landrace groups, which differed basically on grain color, earliness and leaf, tassel, ear and grain traits. Those groups were poorly related with the Conico and Elotes conicos races; but one of the white grain groups was related with the Chalqueño race. We conclude that, despite the pressures faced by this area in transition between the rural ant the urban conditions, an important level of morphological diversity still persists among the maize landraces there cultivated.

Artemisia ludoviciana contains several medically important metabolites, but few studies have been reported on its effects on insects of agricultural importance. This article aimed to know the biological effects of a methanolic extract of A. ludoviciana on neonatal larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda, where column chromatography was obtained to fractionate the crude oil and mass gas chromatography to identify metabolites, the extract, and the 90:10 mobile phase showed low mortality of about 30% at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, but a weight loss in neonatal larvae of more than 50% was lost, confirming a significant antifeedant activity. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of terpenoids such as limonene, thujone, camphor, borneol, and borneol acetate, which are associated with an insecticidal and antifeedant activity. Therefore, the methanolic extracts of A. ludoviciana can be a friendly alternative for insect pest control.

The Mexican terrestrial mastofauna is represented by 522 species, 146 of which are found in the state of Tabasco. However, regional knowledge of the mastofauna is scarce, especially in natural protected areas. The objective of this work was to elaborate an inventory of the mammals present in the Sierra de Tabasco State Park, for which nine sampling sites were established in which direct and indirect methods were used to record mammal species. Eight orders, 24 families, 59 genera and 69 species were recorded, of which 20 are listed in some category of risk. Bats (Order: Chiroptera) are the best represented group with 31 species. Forty-seven percent of the state's mammal species are present in the Sierra de Tabasco State Park, which makes it the protected natural area with the greatest wealth of mammals in the state. This study provides current information on the biological knowledge of the mastofauna in the Sierra de Tabasco State Park that will allow the elaboration of conservation strategies and plans for the sustainable use of mammals in the region.