Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article explores and analyses students' attitudes towards the school in the last year of compulsory education and the role these attitudes play in educational pathways. Firstly, the article reviews previous empirical and theoretical approaches to students' attitudes. Based on this theoretical review, we propose a typology of attitudes using data from the International Study of City Youth (ISCY), with a sample of 2056 students from 27 secondary schools in the city of Barcelona. In a second descriptive analysis, we analyzed how certain socio-demographic variables affect adherence to a specific attitude. Finally, applying logistic regression analysis, we explore the role of attitudes in students' educational pathways. The results show that attitudes do not explain much of the resulting pathway, so socio-demographic variables remain influential. Students' performance and behaviours have a significant impact, acting as a mediator to explain subsequent pathways, specifically in the choice to follow an academic pathway (or not) in the transition from compulsory to post-compulsory school. Finally, an interrelationship of attitudes, behaviours and results is observed. The results of this article provide further insight into these processes and their role in the development of students' educational trajectories.

ResumenEn este artículo se repasa la delimitación y el tratamiento urbanístico de los núcleos rurales en Galicia. Se comienza realizando un recorrido por la evolución de la normativa gallega en materia de suelo, prestando especial atención al tratamiento de los núcleos rurales, su identificación y delimitación. En segundo lugar, se examina cómo se aplican estos criterios en la práctica cotidiana del planeamiento municipal, presentando 17 casos de estudio correspondientes a otras tantas figuras, representativas de las diferentes etapas legislativas estudiadas previamente.  A la luz de los resultados de este análisis, se enuncian unas conclusiones, señalando algunas insuficiencias de los criterios legales para el tratamiento del Suelo de Núcleo Rural, en particular su escasa atención a los aspectos morfológicos. Finalmente, se realiza una reflexión crítica sobre las causas que pueden estar detrás del uso y abuso de esta clase de suelo.  AbstractThis paper reviews the treatment in urban planning of rural areas in Galicia. It begins with a review of the evolution of Galician land regulations, paying special attention to the treatment of rural areas, their identification and delimitation. Secondly, it examines how these criteria are applied in the daily practice of municipal planning, analyzing 17 case studies corresponding to as many figures, representative of the different legislative stages previously studied.  In light of the results of this analysis, some conclusions are enunciated, pointing out some insufficiencies of the legal criteria for the treatment of Rural Nucleus Land class, particularly its scant attention to morphological aspects. Finally, a critical reflection is carried out on the causes that may be behind the use and abuse of this land class.

La noción de restauración del medio natural comprende la recuperación de un ecosistema intervenido por acción antrópica, afectado o transformado en su composición y estructura básica como la cobertura vegetal. El presente estudio recoge las experiencias de caso en el proceso de restauración ambiental en el marco de ejecución del proyecto “Mejoramiento y Ampliación del Servicio de Transitabilidad Tramo Emp. Ay – 780 Mollepata – Em. Pe 3s Pongora en los distritos de Ayacucho y Jesús Nazareno de la Provincia de Huamanga – Departamento de Ayacucho” a cargo del Gobierno Regional Ayacucho, gestión 2023-2027. El objetivo del proceso se centra en el tratamiento de los depósitos de material excedente (DEMs) a partir de la restauración ambiental suscrito en el art. 65° del reglamento de protección ambiental para el sector transportes D.S. 004-2017-MTC; tal fin conllevó a la caracterización del medio natural: cobertura vegetal y el medio físico circunscrito en un recorrido de 08 kilómetros, acondicionamiento de taludes mediante su estabilización con muros de contención, perfilado para revegetación y tratamiento de la escorrentía superficial por sistema de drenes.

Comité Científico Internacional

Comité Editorial

El maíz amarillo duro (Zea mays L.) es un cultivo de gran importancia a nivel mundial debido a que es el insumo clave en la fabricación balanceada de alimentos para animales. El presente trabajo consistió en evaluar el efecto de la fertilización complementaria con diferentes fuentes de magnesio y silicio en las características biométricas, las variables relacionadas al rendimiento y rendimiento de grano del híbrido DK-7088, bajo condiciones de La Molina. El ensayo se realizó en el Campo Agrícola Experimental de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, durante los meses de Junio a Diciembre del 2021. En las características biométricas de la planta, el tratamiento con mayor altura de planta, altura de inserción de mazorca y diámetro de tallo fue el T3 (N – P - K + Magnekling nacional), con 228.20 cm, 135.35 cm y 28.73 mm, respectivamente; asimismo el T4 (N – P - K + Magnesoil + Sulfato de magnesio) presentó 14 hojas activas/planta, fue el mayor numéricamente. En los parámetros relacionadas al rendimiento de mazorca, el tratamiento con mayor diámetro de mazorca, número de granos/hilera, peso de mazorca y peso de granos/mazorca fue el T4 (N – P - K + Magnesoil + Sulfato de magnesio), con 4.85 cm, 34.90, 201.90 g y 173.21 g, respectivamente; mientras que, para el número de mazorcas/planta, número de hileras/mazorca y peso de 100 granos, el tratamiento con mayor resultado fue T3 (N – P - K + Magnekling nacional) con 2.35, 16.35 y 37.90 g, respectivamente; y el T2 (N – P - K + Magnekling importado) presentó mayores resultados en longitud de mazorca y porcentaje de desgrane, con 16.99 cm y 85.86%, respectivamente. Para el caso de rendimiento de grano, los tratamientos que tuvieron mejores resultados fueron T3 (N - P - K + Magnekling nacional), T4 (N - P - K + Magnesoil + Sulfato de magnesio) y T2 (N - P - K + Magnekling importado) que alcanzaron las medias de 12,310.82 kg/ha, 12,238.38 kg/ha y 11,625.18 kg/ha, respectivamente.

In order to assess the relevance of metacognition as a psychological process that affects student learning throughout, and for life, the present study is carried out. The methodology of systematization of the most influential theories and practices in the Cuban educational context was assumed, which allowed identifying the regularities and trends that characterize the synergy between these categories. The revision of different positions of Psychology and Pedagogy is explicitly proposed, such as: Humanism, Cognitivism and the Historical-Cultural position to carry out the systematization around the theoretical-methodological understanding and the formulation of strategies of formation of metacognition. Constructivism and the Historical-Cultural approach stand out, as they are the conceptions that contribute the most stimulation resources to metacognition technologies from this context. The critical analysis concludes the need to propose a holistic and developing conception of learning that takes up the positive aspects of universal psychological knowledge, although the work does not represent the complete systematization of assumptions and technologies of metacognition, and is integrated into a conception of education and developing.

Introduction: The objective of this article was to analyze the employment status of older adults in Latin America with an emphasis on the impact produced by COVID-19 in 2020. Method: The labor dynamics of people over 60 years of age were characterized by household surveys from seven Latin American countries, which were summarized with a pseudo-panel. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify differences between countries, gender, and urban and rural regions. OLS regressions were estimated to quantify the existing differential effect, particularly the change produced in 2020. Results: A negative correlation was identified (β = -0.75, p = 0.00) between pension income coverage and the participation of the elderly in the labor market. Therefore, the deficiencies in social security would motivate the participation in the labor market of the elderly. This participation decreased by 11 percentage points (p.p.) between 2016 and 2020, mainly in Costa Rica, Colombia, and palmente Costa Rica, Colombia y Chile, así como en Chile, as well as in urban areas and among men. Unemployment increased one p.p., especially in urban areas, and underemployment remained unchanged. Conclusions: The differences in labor participation are mediated by gender roles and the economic structure of the countries and urban and rural areas. There is evidence of a deterioration in the socioeconomic status that is not offset by the slight increase in pension income coverage. Women face greater exclusion and self-exclusion from the labor market.

Introduction: The Online Sexual Experience Questionnaire (OSEQ) is an instrument designed to measure online sexual activities in the Canadian population. Due to the novelty of the subject and the impact on the sexual practices and behaviors of young adults, its study in the Mexican population is relevant, where research is incipient, despite the fact that the health contingency generated by COVID-19 has caused an increase in the consumption of this kind of behaviors.  Objective: To adapt, make reliable and validate the Online Sexual Experience Questionnaire in the university population of Mexico.  Method: 483 students (145 men and 338 women) of the distance university system participated, between 18 and 69 years old (M= 32.58, D. E.=9.21), who were selected from a non-probabilistic sampling, for convenience, to whom the questionnaires were applied via the Internet.  Results: from the exploratory factorial analysis the original factors of the instrument were respected, reducing from 48 to 13 items, with an alpha of .85, from the confirmatory factorial analysis the values obtained (Chi= 134.72, gl= 58, Cmin/Df=2.323. 135, p= .000, NFI= .961, RFI= .948, CFI= .977 and RMSEA= .052) were adequate.  Conclusion: the instrument shows an acceptable level, similar to those obtained in the original questionnaire.

In this article we present an analysis two stone sculptures from the archaeological sites of Chillia and Ushno de Agotuna in the district of Chillia, in the province of Pataz, department of La Libertad, in northern Peru. In this preliminary study we conduct iconographic analysis to gain a further understand of the representation in these stone sculptures.  Through this work we seek to identify the style and chronological positioning of these stone sculptures within the Formative period. We also address what the motifs found on these stone sculptures reflect of this society’s worldview. Based on our analysis, it is likely that the Chillia sculpture dates to the Early and Middle Formative, while the Ushno de Agotuna sculpture dates between the Middle and Late Formative. The motifs found on these stone sculptures could be defined as mythical beings, deities, or religious cult leaders. We also consider how these motifs illustrate this area as a zone of interregional interactions.