Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar desde diferentes posturas el concepto de empoderamiento focalizado a las mujeres, relacionando su participación en emprendimientos productivos de la economía popular y solidaria en el Ecuador. El trabajo se realizó a través de un análisis documental en la profundización del surgimiento del concepto de empoderamiento que evoluciona de acuerdo con los diferentes contextos y momentos históricos, así como la presentación de las cifras de la Data SEPS que indica la gobernanza de las mujeres en esta economía. El reconocimiento de la economía popular y solidaria en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador en el año 2008, como integrante del sistema económico ecuatoriano, permite su institucionalización a través de las diferentes instituciones e instrumentos jurídicos, así como políticas públicas que promueven este modelo de economía, conocida como la economía del rostro humano o de la solidaridad, por sus principios identitarios que la caracteriza. Uno de estos principios es la equidad de género y en este sector las mujeres participan activamente en los diferentes modelos empresariales, permitiéndoles disfrutar de oportunidades, convirtiéndolas en lideresas, empresarias. Finalmente, el análisis de estos conceptos contribuye con argumentos teóricos suficientes para analizar como la economía popular y solidaria permite que la mujer en un mercado laboral excluyente se reivindique, construyendo proyectos alternativos que mejoren la calidad de vida. La metodología es de tipo descriptiva, documental, de revisión literaria, como resultado del análisis y estudio se propone un concepto de empoderamiento para la mujer de la economía popular y solidaria.

Within the context of this article, an analysis of quality management systems - QMS and quality tools and their application in small and medium-sized companies located in Cundinamarca, Colombia and Guanajuato, Mexico, is seen. The investigative scope is descriptive based on the theoretical variables competence and innovation management, the research design is quasi-experimental, it is of a mixed type, The information was obtained through a Delphi-type survey, within which the application of quality experts from 26 companies in Mexico and Colombia was obtained. of quality experts from 26 companies in Mexico and Colombia. In the information that was analyzed, it was found that the quality management systems serve the entities to improve the competitive and productive level, making products and providing services taking into account the quality processes together with the use of quality tools in each process and procedure which facilitates a company to be certified with the ISO Standard, generating greater credibility and trust towards clients in local, national and international contexts in the countries of Colombia and Mexico with innovative management, enhancing organizational competitiveness in SMEs.

This manuscript presents the research process that was carried out in order to identify how entrepreneurship is articulated from the substantive functions in Higher Education Institutions in the Urabá region (Antioquia). The approach used was qualitative, with the analysis of two methods, phenomenology and hermeneutics; likewise, the semi-structured interview as an information collection technique, the participants were six higher education institutions in the Urabá region. The results determined that, within the three substantive functions; research, teaching and extension; Entrepreneurship should be considered as a transversal axis, which allows working in an articulated manner in each substantive function. In the conclusions, it was found that entrepreneurship is an opportunity to generate transformation and impact of the social, economic and academic order; There is still a need to strengthen binding aspects between the enterprise and the basic substantive functions, allowing visibility to the new productive units that are created in the Urabá Antioqueño region.

The present investigation was carried out in the universities of Santa Marta, Colombia, with the purpose of knowing the characteristics of the university entrepreneurial system. The episteme was systemic, with a descriptive type of research, where cross-sectional field work was carried out where 25 interviews were conducted with entrepreneurship teachers from the different universities of the city of Santa Marta. The systemic method supported by the hermeneutic components showed that the university entrepreneurship ecosystems in Santa Marta are: open, deterministic, simple, with little interaction between its elements; with the appearance of entropy not related to system wear; but by the incipient entrepreneurship systems. Regarding homeostasis, the university ecosystems of Magdalena, with the exception of the National Learning Service (SENA), are few that present this condition, they fail to put themselves at the service of the department's entrepreneurs. Finally, the autopoiesis of university entrepreneurship systems do not generate the necessary income to be self-sustaining and reproducible.

Biomass quantification is essential to estimate the dynamics of carbon storage and fixation of forest ecosystems. This study determined the carbon fraction (Fc) of forest species in tropical forests located in the municipalities of Quibdó, Unión Panamericana, and Unguía in the department of Chocó, Colombia. Six 1 ha permanent monitoring plots (PPM) were established. Floristic composition was characterized for each PPM, recording individuals with DAP ≥ 10 cm. The 39 species with the highest ecological weight were selected, and their Fc was determined using the calorimetry method. An average Fc of 0.46 gr.cm-3 was found, with ranges between 0.43 ­and 0.48. A total of 2841 individuals distributed in 260 species and 207 genera were recorded. The species with the greatest ecological weight were: Prioria copaifera Griseb. and Perkia pendula (Willd.). Fc constitutes a tool for more accurate estimations of aboveground carbon in humid forests.

River passenger transport between the municipalities of Sitionuevo (Department of Magdalena) and Sabanagrande (Department of Atlántico), in Colombia, has been carried out for more than 50 years by the Cooperativa de Transporte Fluvial y Terrestre de Sitionuevo (Cootransflusi). A fundamental problem is maintaining the equilibrium point of passengers in the face of strong competition from land transport. The objective of the research was to analyze the movement of passengers, characterizing the current situation of the transport model, to make a proposal for improvement. The methodology consisted in the analysis of the little existing information on passenger movement, specifically for the year 2021, and from a simple linear regression, determine the passenger forecast, comparing it with the data of the first two quarters of the year 2022. To evaluate service levels, a qualitative survey of analytical origin was conducted with 117 participants. The viability of the company and the need to strengthen the tasks of marketing and quality in the service were concluded. Deficiencies were found in the maintenance of the boats and lack of function manuals. With the SWOT tool, strategic proposals were made in order to plan achievable improvement objectives.

The objective of this research is to identify the role of rural women in the department of Magdalena, for this purpose, the qualitative methodology was adopted with a narrative type design. Triangulation was carried out through field diaries, focus group workshops and life stories. As a result, it was found that rural women perform the three roles of rural women. The educational level was related to the way in which women exercised their maternity. At the socioeconomic level, the exercise of the reproductive role is made difficult when women are heads of household, in these cases this role begins as a necessity and not as a projection of life. Regarding working conditions, gender-based discrimination was detected, a low representation of women in decision-making processes within the productive process and a growing involvement of women within the banana sector of the department of Magdalena.

Currently, nature tourism is increasing steadily due to its impact on the environmental, economic and cultural environment of local communities. The question formulated for this article is: What are the opportunities and capacities of nature tourism as a business dynamizer in the central zone of the department of Caquetá?  From the methodological point of view, a descriptive study with a quantitative approach was implemented with the participation of 20 tourism service operating companies in the department and 150 users of nature tourism services in the central zone of Caquetá, a sample identified through non-probabilistic sampling and selection criteria. The results showed that the capacities to be improved are: accessibility and mobility, human capital formation, quality and commitment to environmental education; Among the opportunities were the design of integral security programs, the promotion of participatory ventures that have an impact on job creation and the growth of nature tourism in the region.

Ficus americana and F. obtusifolia are among the most important tree species in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTF) due to their evergreen condition and high levels of biomass. However, the SDTF of Lambayeque and northern Peru is greatly diminishing due to the advance of migratory agriculture, illegal mining, and deforestation. The objective of this work was to study the taxonomic aspects of both species, as well as seed germination, micropropagation, and in vitro germplasm conservation. Seed germination was 100% for both species up to three months after collection. As for micropropagation, rooting, and germplasm conservation, the Piper culture medium was effective, as it was constituted by MS mineral salts with 0.02 mg.L-1 IAA and 0.02 mg.L-1 GA3. In vitro germplasm conservation lasted more than 24 months for both species. Acclimatization under greenhouse conditions reached 50% survival for both species.

Currently, it is necessary to mitigate the concentration of greenhouse gases, and there is little research on carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems which has been conducted in the Peruvian Andes. The objective of this research was to determine the carbon storage potential of Eucalyptus viminalis installed in a silvopastoral system together with other deposits in Cajamarca, Peru. The aerial forest biomass was determined by model adjustments, and the necrotic and herbaceous biomass by systematic sampling. The carbon stored in the biomass was determined with the 0.5 fraction, and the one stored in the soil was estimated via laboratory analysis. Eucalyptus viminalis showed potential to capture carbon in a silvopastoral system, due to its high regrowth capacity, which stems from a high population density, and the ephemerality of its minor components. The species can be an important carbon reservoir in a system that manages to make production and conservation compatible.