Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article analyzes the redistribution of the public pay-as-you-go pension system, both from an intergenerational and intratemporal perspective, and how population aging and demographic changes can affect redistribution. The expected increase in the dependency ratio will result in changes in the tax effort or benefit rates of the system. Intergenerational redistribution will also be affected by the progressivity of the pension system, differences in life expectancy, gender gaps, and heterogeneity in contribution regimes of some occupations. Comparative evidence for OECD economies shows that intragenerational and intergenerational redistribution reduces the poverty risk rate and income inequality among the 65+ population over the past decade, shifting the risk of poverty from older to younger individuals. Based on this starting point, the demographic changes expected in the coming decades will further increase income redistribution from younger to older generations

Over the last four decades, market income inequality in Spain has increased significantly, reaching a Gini index close to 50. Given its size and evolution, this article studies the processes that generate the distribution of market income. We focus here on technological change, globalization, the functioning of the labor market and education. In addition, we analyze possible policies that can help reduce inequality at source -before taxes and benefits-, paying special attention to those that improve equality of opportunity.

Presentación

It presents the trend in which violence studies in Psychology are grouped and elaborated to reflect the contributions between disciplines. Academic texts were reviewed to identify research that used approaches to violence (a) with the use of examples, (b) from Social Psychology, (c) regarding Public Health, and (d) with animal research in order to group them and do a critical review. It analyzes how investigations can be developed that delve into the phenomenon of violence with theories of subjectivity and integrate interdisciplinary knowledge, impacting the knowledge and intervention of the phenomenon. It is concluded that the work between borders is an option to broaden the explanation of the phenomenon of violence.

This paper presents a performance comparison between 3 models of pre-trained CNN networks (VGG16, ResNet50, and MobileNet) in detecting physical violence against women in video. To carry out the classification of images that include physical violence against women and those that do not, 2800 images (1400 violent and 1400 non-violent) were collected from a public dataset and subsequently divided into training (1200 images), validation (1000 images) and test (600 images). To evaluate their performance, accuracy values for each model were considered, positioning the MobileNet network as the best-performing classifier for this classification task with 89% accuracy.

The paper present the formal conception of  parametric geometric control, the translation to natural language, current applications and its prospective analysis are described. The main purpose of the paper is to spread the knowledge of the  control fundamentals among the Spanish-speaking Latin American academic community, to comment its parsimony principle (the capacity of the production optimal control signals with minimum control actions) and to give an overview of future applications such as the control of mechanical ventilators and other biomedical engineered devices.

Molecular rotors are a subclassification of molecular machines and are vital for the develop of innovative technologies in various fields. This paper explores exclusively the light-driven hemithioindigo (HTI) based molecular rotors, varieties, synthetic routes, photoisomerization mechanism, and its physical, chemical, and photochromic properties. For this, an exploratory analysis was carried out, from which it was concluded that, one of the properties that gives these rotors an advantage over other structures is their extremely fast unidirectional rotation when irradiated with visible light, also their multiple applications and development prospects derived from the exploit of their properties makes these compounds an interesting innovation propose in scientific research.

This article aims to highlight the effect of adiposity on reproductive function, emphasizing the immediate effect of some adipokines on ovarian function. Our methodology involved the bibliographic review of scientific articles. Our review provided an update concerning the prevalence figures for overweight and obesity in Mexico, and we highlight the effects of adiposity on regulating adipokines for ovarian function and reproductive health. Besides this, we reveal the benefits derived from making lifestyle changes. The results allow concluding that it is essential to publicize the repercussions of adiposity at the reproductive level and advocate the implementation of measures that promote healthy weight

The optimal use of financial resources is one of the most important factors in the success of organizations. These are usually based on the empirical experience of members of their top management to make decisions regarding the distribution of financial resources. However, this process ignores the technological and modeling advances that have globally revolutionized high-level decision-making. This work identifies the advantages and limitations of the main approaches that try to optimize the financial resources of organizations, highlights the current problems that organizations face when carrying out this activity, and describes the use of computational intelligence that can overcome such limitations.

Obstetric violence is a social problem verified from main current studies on reproductive health. This work aims to identify the components that determine the causality and scope of this conflict within Mexican health institutions. The methodology of the Conflict Analyze Typology instrument determines the power pattern as most significant, consisting of institutional control and maternal submission. This main pattern is related to those of inhibition and legitimation, which support the relationship dynamics based on the attribution of meanings of gnosis to the healthcare role and ignorance to the patient role. It is concluded that the institutional meanings can be transformed from the consideration of women as active subjects, which will be decisive in their obstetric well-being.