Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This work aimed to identify the synoptic conditions associated with the cold fronts (CFs) passage that causes intense winds in the Santos Basin. Furthermore, the atmospheric characteristics of the CFs, which generated intense (INTW) and moderate (MODW) winds in the studied area, were identified. For this purpose, INTW and MODW composites of CFs episodes were elaborated. First, the INTW and MODW cases were selected from the 10 m wind intensity observed in the Santos buoy, belonging to the Brazilian National Buoys Program. Satellite images and synoptic surface charts were analyzed to identify the synoptic systems responsible for INTW and MODW in the Santos buoy, keeping only the cases generated by CFs. From the comparison between the composites, it was possible to observe in INTW: (i) a stronger pressure gradient over the Santos Basin, with the isobars presenting an almost meridional position near the basin, which caused the intense winds registered in the buoy; (ii) a baroclinic trough at medium and high levels reaching the Santos Basin region, located westward of the surface system; (iii) stronger 1000-500 hPa layer thickness and dew point temperature gradients over the continent, reaching the Santos Basin region, and (iv) a colder and drier air mass over southern Brazil. On a large scale, the Rossby wave tracings were analyzed, where different wavenumbers were noticed for each composite. In INTW, the wavenumber was 2, while in MODW, it was 2 and 3. Finally, the main characteristics found in the composites were observed in the case studies.

Many climate models have been developed due to the importance of the effects of climatic factors on the physical and biological environment, e.g., rock weathering, species distribution, and growth patterns of plants. Accurate, reliable climate surfaces are necessary, especially for countries such as Turkey, which has a complex terrain and limited monitoring stations. The accuracy of these models mainly depends on the spatial modeling methods used. In this study, the Australian National University Spline (ANUSPLIN) model was used to develop climate surfaces and was compared with other methods such as inverse distance weighting, co-kriging, lapse rate, and multilinear regression. The results from the developed climate surfaces were validated using three methods: (1) diagnostic statistics from the surface fitting model, such as signal, mean, root mean square predictive error, root mean square error estimate, root mean square residual of the spline, and estimate of the standard deviation of the noise in the spline; (2) a comparison of error statistics between interpolated surfaces and the withheld climate data from 81 stations; and (3) a comparison with other interpolation methods using model performance metrics, such as mean absolute error, mean error, root mean square error, and R2adj. The most accurate results were obtained by the ANUSPLIN model. It explained 95, 88, 92, and 71% of the variance in annual mean, minimum and maximum temperature, and total precipitation, respectively. The mean absolute error of these models was 0.63, 1.16, and 0.72 ºC, as well as 54.82 mm. The generated climate surfaces, having a spatial resolution of 0.005º × 0.005º could contribute to the fields of forestry, agriculture, and hydrology.

Snow has great environmental importance. Its physical properties influence the ground temperature; its long-term accumulation adds to the mass of glaciers and is also a clear indicator of climate variability. However, despite the frequency of snowfall in tropical high-mountain environments, its quantitative study is very scarce, and in the case of Mexico it is non-existent. Due to the altitude of a large part of the Mexican territory, and because of the high ecosystem value of the snow, in this work we analyze the temporality, accumulation and duration of the snow cover on the highest mountain in the country. The data obtained through continuous monitoring of the surface temperature of the ground allowed to identify that snowfall occur with greater frequency and volume during the summer and autumn months, while during the winter snowfall of less intensity occur. The accumulation values ​​are mostly less than 30 cm thick, and the duration of the snowpack is on average less than two weeks; however, there are episodes of greater depth and duration.

In this study, the accuracy of the copula-based model in the simulation of the dew point temperature in various climates of Iran was investigated, using simulations based on vine copulas such as C-, D-, and R-vine copulas. By examining the various vine copulas and their tree sequences, the best copula and best tree sequence based on AIC, BIC, and log-likelihood were selected. The results show that based on the complete similarity in our case between C-, D- and R-vine copulas, the selected best C-vine copulas fit well the dependence between the minimum and maximum air temperatures and dew point temperature. The simulation results were analyzed using root mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient, and violin plots. The results show that the copula-based model has high accuracy at all stations. The min (max) RMSE is related to Kerman (Ahvaz) station with RMSE = 0.396 oC (0.617 oC). Also, the min (max) NSE is related to Ahvaz (Urmia) station with NSE = 0.925 (0.955). Also, according to the violin plot, it is possible to appreciate the acceptable certainty of the copula-based model. Due to the diversity of the tree sequences of vine copulas and the use of the rotated states of the internal vine copulas, as well as the possibility of interfering with the effective parameters in high dimensions, the simulation results are reliable and have no restrictions. This model can be used as the best model to estimate dew point temperature due to the full coverage of the range of changes in data.

A growing body of literature recognises the complexity of English literacy. It is well established that Phonics plays a pivotal role in its instruction, despite some uncertainty with regards to the degree to which practitioners should resort exclusively to the synthetic Phonics’ methodology and materials. This paper seeks to explore the contribution to the existing research on the part of Spanish academics. The hypothesis established theorizes that research in Spain lags behind investigations worldwide, which began earlier. Hence, the trend is to convert to that worldwide predisposition. Findings suggest that the scarce research conducted thus far in Spain positively contributes to our understanding of the most suitable pedagogy of English literacy in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) environments. Similarly, results endorse the need to adapt Phonics to non-native speakers. Considerably more work is needed, as many aspects of the appropriateness of Phonics within the idiosyncrasy of the Spanish educational system remains to be elucidated.

Effectiveness in classroom management is one of the main concerns of the teachers' collective, as it is one of the dimensions of competence to be developed as a key to success in the teaching and learning processes. The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of initial and in-service training on teacher self-efficacy in classroom management, as well as the predictive capacity of other variables on it. In addition, teacher profiles by educational level are described. A predictive study was conducted using data from TALIS 2018 survey, based on the Spanish sample of 11527 primary and secondary teachers. The results indicate that both initial and in-service training are predictors of teachers' level of self-efficacy in classroom management. However, the type of training has a different effect depending on the education level. Other variables such as years of teaching experience, disruptive behaviour in the classroom and educational level have predictive effect. The importance of teacher training in classroom management, especially in-service training, is highlighted.

This article analysed scientific literature and normative documents to design a pedagogical framework for promoting sustainable financial literacy in competence-based vocational secondary education and training within the Interreg Central Baltic project “Sustainability in Finance – SuFi”. An empirical study was conducted in 2020–2021 that involved observing and analysing ideation, elaboration, and piloting processes for an open online module on sustainability issues in vocational business education and training within the SuFi project. The study analysed structured interview responses from nine SuFi project participants; the qualitative data analysis design for the same was based on grounded theory and a constant comparative method. The pedagogical approaches to promoting sustainable financial literacy are described and a systematic, comprehensive, evidence-based proposal is given for promoting sustainable financial literacy in competence-based vocational secondary education and training. The pedagogical framework presented in this article also suggests concrete directions for future pedagogical practice and research.

The main objective of this study is to analyse the implementation of the Prácticum in the curricula of the Early Childhood Education and Primary Education degrees in Spanish universities, both public and private. In order to carry out this study, the field work has been divided into two clearly differentiated parts. The first part is of a quantitative nature, and it analyses a total of 123 curriculum guides of the aforementioned degrees, corresponding to 63 universities that offer these studies—out of a total of 82 universities that make up the Spanish university panorama. As for the second part, it is of a qualitative nature and, by means of the focus group technique, it analyses and contrasts the data extracted from the first analysis, thus connecting the first part of the research with the second. This study identifies a series of characteristics of the Prácticum which are common to all Spanish universities: great similarity in the curriculum guides, their location in the third year, the little participation of the student in their evaluation, and their separation from the FDP. Such characteristics suggest a strong division between the academic world and schools.

Research suggests that, in order to improve educational organizations, it is necessary to exert a leadership that is broadly distributed, inclusive, and learning-centered. In this article, we analyze how 21 members of leadership teams in eight educational centers located in disadvantaged contexts in Madrid (Spain)— and who are going to follow a leadership program for comprehensive education—perceive, exert, and distribute leadership, as well as the manner in which they organize their management time. The study is conducted by means of a sequential exploratory design of mixed methods, and the results of questionnaires and interviews show that management teams are aware of the importance of leadership in order to see an improvement. However, they find obstacles when putting it into practice, and the distribution of their managerial time does not agree with their theoretical assumptions. The article compares these results with those of other investigations and with the available academic literature, and it suggests some recommendations to improve leadership in these schools.

   Machismo constitutes the belief of superiority of men over women that derives from sexual behaviors and encourages in male and female units’ risky patterns such as the lack of condom use during sexual intercourse, alcohol abuse and gender-based violence. In Colombia, research has analyzed instruments that measure related traits such as sexism and sexual roles, reducing those that report a propensity for machismo. Therefore, the present manuscript aims to generate evidence of the psychometric properties of the Sexual Machismo Scale (EMS-12, Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2010). Using an instrumental and descriptive quantitative methodological apparatus, the instrument was evaluated in 351 undergraduate Colombian university students (Mean= 22.06, SD= 2.98) through an exploratory factor analysis (AFE) to examine the structure of the instrument and a confirmatory (TFA) to ratify the model originally proposed. The results revealed the one-dimensionality of the scale, with indicators of internal consistency and goodness of fit satisfactory (α = .87; ω = .87; TLI = .97; CFI=.98; GFI=.98; RMSEA=.08). In addition, a reduced version was proposed whose indices of reliability and goodness of fit limited in what was appropriate (α = .93; ω = .93; TLI= .98; CFI=.99; GFI=.99; RMSEA=.04.) concluding that EMS-12 and EMS-12R have indicators of reliability, construct validity that validate its application in the Colombian Caribbean university population.