Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study aims to understand high school teachers’ representations regarding the parental educational role. The research was conducted in a partially subsidized private educational institution in Chillán, Chile. It employs a qualitative methodology and a socio-phenomenological approach. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 11 high school teachers. Content analysis was used for data interpretation. The findings reveal the core nucleus of the representation and its peripheral elements. The core nucleus is identified as the belief that parental presence and participation in the educational process, beyond formal and obligatory instances, is highly beneficial in emotional, behavioural, and academic domains. Regarding peripheral elements, the study highlights the conviction that academic outcomes are influenced by the fulfilment of the parental role, particularly in the emotional domain. Another peripheral element is the teachers' expressed need to compensate for this role when it is inadequately fulfilled at home, generating concerns that involve emotional engagement by the teachers. Additionally, it leads to the development of strategies aimed at addressing the material and emotional needs students may exhibit.

The significant expansion of the Paraguayan economy implies sustained high GDP growth over the long term, contingent upon a context of predominantly competitive markets and a State that effectively fulfills its role as promoter of the common good and guardian of national interests. This article examines three interrelated pillars of economic policy. First, it addresses public expenditure, with a focus on evaluating and enhancing the efficiency of spending, transparency, oversight mechanisms, and accountability frameworks. Second, it analyzes the financial sustainability of the social security system and proposes reforms to both the public and private pension schemes. Third, it investigates tax revenues, assessing their performance and proposing measures to increase fiscal collections and improve tax equity. The methodology is based on the analysis of primary data spanning the last four decades at the national level, and, in selected cases, at the regional level. The article concludes that the State must enhance the efficiency of public spending, urgently pursue comprehensive reforms of both public and private social security systems, and implement fiscal measures to increase revenue collection in a more equitable and efficient manner. These actions are essential to addressing the country’s low tax burden and ensuring adequate financing for the development of Paraguay’s human and physical capital.

This article analyzes the causes of low democratic quality in Paraguay, a topic that has received limited scholarly attention despite its significance. Using a theoretical framework that distinguishes between the nature of democracy and its quality, the study focuses on three key dimensions: public support for democracy, the quality of governance, and socioeconomic performance. Drawing on data from Latinobarómetro, LAPOP, and The Economist Intelligence Unit, the analysis reveals persistent public dissatisfaction, deficiencies in governance indicators, and poor socioeconomic outcomes. The study identifies three main explanatory factors: Paraguay’s socioeconomic structure, which has produced a fragmented and “invertebrate” society lacking collective actors; the pervasive influence of clientelist political parties; and low levels of social capital. While these structural constraints limit the prospects for improvement and hinder significant progress in the short term, the article argues that there remains potential for transformative collective action, which could create opportunities for strengthening democracy in the future.

El equipo editorial de la revista ACADEMO Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades comunica la publicación formal de retractación del artículo:Ocampo Alvarado, A. M. (2025). Efectos de la transformación digital en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador. ACADEMO Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 12(1),1. https://doi.org/10.30545/academo.2024.set-dic.2Desde que se comprobó la publicación duplicada del artículo que fue puesto a disposición en la edición anterior de la revista ACADEMO:Ocampo Alvarado, A. M. (2024). Efectos de la transformación digital en el sector contable y financiero en Ecuador. ACADEMO Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 11(3), 233–241. https://doi.org/10.30545/academo.2024.set-dic.2 Herib Caballero CamposEditor responsableACADEMO Revista de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y HumanidadesISSN 2414-8938Universidad Americana. Asunción, Paraguay.

Work-related stress is a physiological and emotional response to high demands, common in critical healthcare settings where workload, long shifts, and individual factors contribute to the development of burnout syndrome. This phenomenon impacts healthcare workers’ well-being, patient safety, and quality of care, highlighting the need for this study. The objective was to determine the prevalence of work-related stress and burnout syndrome among emergency department staff at the Bastión Popular Type C Health Center, aiming to identify stress levels and examine associated factors. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted with 43 emergency professionals from the Bastión Popular Type C Health Center. The ILO-WHO Occupational Stress Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were applied digitally, and data were processed using SPSS version 25 to analyze prevalences, sociodemographic variables, and work-related factors. Results showed that 55.8% of staff had low stress levels, 14% high, and 7% moderate, with nurses being the most affected. Regarding burnout, 25.6% reported high emotional exhaustion, 72.1% elevated depersonalization, and 65.1% low personal accomplishment; women and staff with longer tenure were the most vulnerable groups. It is concluded that there is a significant psychosocial risk, emphasizing the need for workplace wellness programs, psychological support, stress management training, and self-care strategies to protect staff health and optimize patient care.

The object of study of this article focuses on electronic invoicing, the objective of which was to diagnose the current situation of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) in the City of Babahoyo focusing on the analysis of the characteristics of the problem related to the implementation and use of electronic invoicing. The research methodology was composed of qualitative and quantitative paradigmatic modalities, the type of research was field, bibliographic and descriptive; The methods that were applied were historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive; The information technique used to develop this study was the survey; tools used: questionnaire, computer, printer, existing technology. The scope of the work was based on the fulfillment of the proposed objective, the theoretical, methodological and technical support; whose results revealed that, although there are outstanding challenges to overcome, especially in terms of technological adaptability and adequate training for some SMEs, the overall benefits include better tax compliance, greater operational efficiency and reduction in tax fraud.

O objetivo deste texto é promover uma nota crítica à recém traduzida obra de Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), Nós, filólogos (Wir Philologen), elaborada diretamente do alemão para o português, publicada pela editora Mnēma a partir da tradução de Rafael Silva. Nietzsche, nesses escritos, investiga a vasta antiguidade greco-romana e, a partir dela, problematiza o próprio estatuto da filologia clássica alemã na modernidade. De nossa parte, reconhecendo ser difícil abarcar matéria tão vasta em uma breve resenha, a ênfase da análise será em passagens paradigmáticas a respeito de Sócrates, figura seminal para a tradição filosófica e cuja interpretação é sempre controvertida, sobretudo quando se trata de avaliar a relação entre Sócrates e Nietzsche.

This article presents an experimental translation of a passage from the Aeneid (III, 1-72) traditionally known as “The Bloody Bush” or “The Grave of Polydorus”. The episode, which combines tragic, prodigious and ethical elements, is set in the context of Aeneas’ wanderings after the destruction of Troy, marking a decisive stage in the construction of the epic narrative and in the development of the hero’s character. The translation was carried out based on the notion of literalness proposed by Antoine Berman, which is not limited to the mechanical reproduction of the word order of the original text, but seeks to incorporate structural features characteristic of the source language into the target language. Consequently, the translation aims to preserve the expressive density and otherness of Virgil’s text, maintaining resources such as the fragmented syntax of Latin, while at the same time striving not to exceed certain limits of intelligibility and fluidity of the Brazilian Portuguese. Finally, the theoretical discussion emphasizes how literalness, as thus understood, can transform translation into a space for dialogue between cultures, while also considering the ethical and aesthetic challenges and possibilities involved in this process.

This article presents a Brazilian Portuguese translation of book 2 of Quintus of Smyrna’s Posthomerica, a Greek epic from the 3rd century CE that narrates in 14 books the events of the Trojan War occurring between the Iliad and the Odyssey. Book 2 recounts the episode traditionally called the “Aethiopis”, which recounts the arrival of Memnon and his Ethiopian warriors to aid the Trojans and take Hector’s place as the bulwark of Priam’s army. This is the second hero who presents himself as a new hope for the Trojans in the Posthomerica, since he is anteceded by Penthesilea, the Amazon queen who dies in book 1. The fate of Memnon is not different from that of the heroine: after killing Antilochus, Nestor’s son, he attracts the fury of Achilles upon himself, who ends up killing him after a relentless duel.

In Il. 18.478-608, we find the long and much-debated ekphrasis of Achilles’ shield. The Homeric narrator meticulously describes Hephaestus’ craftsmanship for the best of the Achaeans, leading the audience to marvel at this creation, particularly at the hero’s shield. Due to this extensive narrative, one might get the impression that Achilles’ shield, like his other weapons, is unique and unparalleled within the Iliad. However, this is not the case; Achilles’ shield elicits the same kind of emotional response from other characters as do other shields and weapons depicted in the poem. These objects are generally described in a manner that evokes thauma (“marvel”) in us, the audience. This article explores the reactions provoked by Achilles’ weapons and to what extent they parallel those elicited by the weapons of other heroes. It also examines how thauma and deinos ("awe-inspiring") can both signal the expectation for the audience's wonder.