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The Punica of Silius Italicus, often regarded as being disconnected from the tragedies of Seneca (and pseudo-Seneca), reveals a remarkable intertextual relationship with these works through its use of Senecan themes, images and lexis. The Punica incorporates elements such as intense psychological conflict, fatalistic determinism, and the destructive power of emotions, particularly ira (“anger”) anger and furor (“fury”), which shape both the actions of the characters and the narrative itself. These elements and emotions reflect the tragic tone of Seneca, particularly in his treatment of fate, revenge, and the moral consequences of uncontrolled passions. The connection between the Punica and Senecan (and pseudo-Senecan) tragedy is evident in the programmatic episode of Saguntum, where rage and extreme violence, alongside the presence of supernatural forces such as the Fury Tisiphone, evoke several of Seneca’s tragedies. The symbolism of flamma (“flame”), present in the burning of Saguntum and in Tiburna’s self-immolation, as well as the figure of Hannibal, with his cruelty and defiance of the gods, evoke the tragic tyrants of Seneca, such as Atreus. By interweaving epic, tragic, and historical elements, Silius offers a profound reflection upon the human condition that is deeply rooted within the Roman literary tradition.

This article aims to discuss, using texts from Greek historians and a philological-historiographical approach, key terms and passages from the lexicon that make up the semantic field on exile, deportation, banishment and initiatives to establish migrant networks and communities. Although, as a rule, the passages examined are limited to verifying and describing the migratory phenomenon, showing little interest in the initiatives of the migrants themselves, the present investigation aims to demonstrate that the establishment of support networks and communities in Greek antiquity was not a phenomenon identifiable only in the larger sphere of relations between polis and empires, but already in the smaller scope of everyday relations between individuals and groups who moved for various reasons; and that the fact that migrating does not seem to have been seen as a problem, but as a common, if not even predictable, phenomenon.

A periplographic account attributed to an unknown author, the present Greek-language treatise brings together toponymic and ethnographic entries covering the three designated continental surfaces: Europe, Libya, and Asia. It appears to be, in essence, nothing more than a reconstruction of the periplus, derived from an original record that is no longer extant. Even if it does not convey a genuine firsthand experience and amounts merely to an empirical exercise with limited literary sophistication, it nonetheless enables critical reflection beyond the realm of Hellenic geographical and ethnographic knowledge in classical antiquity. These considerations extend to domains such as religion and festival nomenclature, political structures, architectural works, geodesy, and ethnolinguistics. The following sections present a critical analysis of this Hellenic text, now, for the first time, accompanied by a translation into Portuguese.

The present article presents the translation of the episode of Achilles’ stay at the court of King Lycomedes in the Latin work Excidium Troiae (c. 4th-6th centuries AD). The text addresses the mythological concealment of Achilles by his mother, Thetis, who disguised him as a woman among Lycomedes’ daughters. Although anonymous, Excidium Troiae suggests the influence of classical sources and may have been a medieval compilation based on earlier texts. Drawing on the edition provided by Atwood and Whitaker (1971), the Portuguese translation aims to make this work, still little known in Brazilian academia, more accessible.

This review addresses a recently published work on Homer's Iliad. It is a reading guide that invites the reader to take a walk through each of its 24 cantos. Each step allows an exercise in apprehension and imagination about the scenes, dialogues, landscapes and events that traverse the epic. Considering the book's proposal, the path is taken with rigor and lightness, which makes it possible for experts and beginners alike to read it.

This article aims to present the figure of Hermes Trismegistus as a way of operationalizing the hermetic text, in the sense that his own image stimulates a particular hermeneutics, as a kind of regulatory element of the intentions of the discourses, which are related to the hypothesis that the treatises address ritualistic practices of spiritual elevation. In this sense, considering Hermes as the author of the writings leads to the recommendation of a specific type of reading of the philo-religious statements and prescriptions, in which the arrangement of the propositions is linked to the fundamental aspects of their ideal composer, creating a homogeneity between them.

This article aims to discuss the Hellenistic epigrams about the iambic poets Archilochus and Hipponax. The analysis of these poems will explore the stereotypical contours through which the authors are presented in the epigrammatic tradition, in order to make them similar to the image of the misanthrope capable of addressing offenses to any individuals without any type of distinction. 

Se concluye que independientemente de la herramienta que se utilice, es el formato de la imagen lo que influye en el tamaño final.& The objective was to determine the influence of different image formats and tools used for compression on the final size of the images, to know which are the optimal formats for compression. The sample was made up of five digital image files with BMP extension, taken in different scenarios and at different times at the researcher's discretion. The technique used was the analysis of digital image files and as an instrument a double input matrix, where the conversions of BMP files to six different extensions of image files were registered, with four different tools for manipulation of image files. The experimental design was factorial, where the two factors were the image compression formats and tools and the dependent variable the final image file size. Factorial ANOVA statistical analysis was applied with a = 0.05. It was obtained that the format of smaller size was the JPG when using as tool the Illustrator and the one of greater size the one of greater extension the PSD also obtained with the Illustrator. The statistical analysis showed that the format factor significantly influences the final size of the images (p < 0.05) and the tool factor does not show significant influence on the size of the images (p > 0.05), nor is the interaction between the factors significant. It is concluded that regardless of the tool used, it is the image format that influences the final size.

The aspect ratio of tires significantly influences the tread contact patch, which is closely related to the vehicle's driving performance and handling. This study investigates the effect of radial tires with varying aspect ratios on contact patches under different loads and inflation pressures. The size and shape of the contact patches, along with the pressure distribution in tires with different aspect ratios, were analyzed. Five finite element tire models with aspect ratios of 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, and 75% were developed. The simulation models of 205/55R16 were validated against experimental results. The findings reveal that as the aspect ratio increases, the contact length along the tire's axial direction decreases, while the contact width along the rolling direction increases. Minimal differences in contact area were observed among tires with different aspect ratios under the same static load. For a given load, as the length-to-width ratio increases, the tread width of the contact patch decreases, while its length increases. Additionally, with an increasing length-to-width ratio, the contact patch shape transitions from a saddle to a barrel-like form. The maximum normal contact stress occurs at the shoulder of the tire for aspect ratios of 55%, 60%, and 65%, but shifts to the center of the tread for aspect ratios of 70% and 75%. The primary influence of the aspect ratio is on the contact size.

This article proposes a gain-scheduling procedure based on quasi-LPV modeling for a nonlinear coupled tank system to track the liquid level with zero steady-state error. The nonlinearities are directly represented by a parameter vector that varies within a bounded set constrained by the physical limits of the tank system levels. This approach enables accurate nonlinear system modeling using a linear parameter-varying model. State-feedback linear controllers are designed at the extreme vertices of the bounded set. The global controller is derived as the weighted average of local controller contributions, with the weighting determined by the instantaneous values of the parameter vector. Two interpolation mechanisms are proposed to implement this weighted averaging of the linear controllers. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving accurate liquid level tracking.