Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This scientific research article analyzes the factors and causes of public governance policies related to the implementation of the necessary infrastructure to attend to the basic services that the Autonomous Decentralized Municipal Government of the Latacunga canton corresponds to provide to the rural area of ​​the Juan Montalvo, analyze the actions and strategies to solve the persistent problem of the unsatisfied needs of basic public services such as drinking water, sewerage and solid waste collection, and that currently it has not been possible to articulate a comprehensive care policy, added to the ignorance of the citizens of the rural sector to the rights they have and the sectional government is responsible for providing timely care that offers them a decent quality of life.

In the last decade, Tourism represents an impact on Modern society, in virtue of which the tax incentives in the activities carried out by the Tourism and Hotel companies in the province of Tungurahua will allow evidence of what has been stated. The research approach is mixed, the type of research is descriptive and explanatory, the design is non-experimental and the modality is a field investigation, an instrument of 353 surveys was applied to taxpayers that make up the five sectors of the activities tourist areas of the province of Tungurahua made up of the cantons of Ambato, Baños, Pelileo, Mocha, Patate, Quero, Cevallos, Tisaleo and Pillaro. Among the conclusions is to strengthen the dissemination and application of tax incentives, with the aim of promoting development and economic growth. Among the results 54% state that they are aware of the existence of these direct tax benefits with the sector, but due to lack of applicability, they are not practiced in some cases by businessmen and/or accountants; Regarding the contribution of incentives to the sector, 35% consider that tax benefits support the generation of more sources of employment.    Keywords: Tourism companies, Hospitality and tourism, Taxation - Taxes.

En el sector turismo existe una amplia variedad de productos gastronómicos que forma parte del conjunto de alimentos y bebidas que se ofertan en un determinado destino. Los consumidores, ante esa diversidad observan muy bien las características del producto que desean adquirir, incluso en bebidas de alto consumo, como la cerveza. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar las perspectivas y potencialidades que tiene la cerveza artesanal entre los turistas y los residentes de la ciudad de Manta, para ello se realizó una encuesta a una muestra conformada por 334 individuos de diferentes edades. Los resultados revelan una perspectiva favorable acerca de las posibilidades de incorporar la referida bebida como parte de la oferta gastronómica local, así como importantes niveles de exigencia del cliente en cuanto a la calidad y presentación del producto. Se concluye que la cerveza artesanal tiene buena aceptación entre el grupo de sujetos que fueron encuestados. Palabras clave: cerveza; consumo; encuesta, gastronomía; Manabí

Tourist accommodation establishments today more than ever must offer practical guidelines for vigilance and protection during the stay due to the inevitable interaction between employees and guests in this new normality. The purpose of the study was to propose an Action Plan focused on safety and hygiene in tourist accommodation centers in post COVID-19 times. The study was configured within the quantitative approach, of a descriptive projective type, with an intentional sample of 53 people working in the lodging. The instrument implemented was PRESEHI-21 created by the researcher, with a likert scale of 25 items, validated by expert judgment and high reliability. The results showed a low and moderate safety and hygiene to prevent the risks of contagion of the COVID-19 virus. Demonstrating the need for a guide or plan to facilitate compliance with safety and hygiene standards in the lodging center. Concluding that the action plan focused on safety and hygiene in tourist accommodation centers is a tool whose actions allow to improve and control the processes in terms of safeguarding and caring for the health of those who are working and enjoying the facilities.

This study aims to define the key factors in the decision of purchase of second-hand products in Quito in the year 2021. Factor analysis was applied to create three clusters of variables: economic motivations, situational motivations, and psychological motivations, concluding that the main reasons to choose this market are ecological and distance from the consumption system, proving that most of the population does not take price as the main reason to purchase and that there is a tendency for sustainability similar to the results obtained in similar studies conducted in the European Union.

El problema se configura porque hay insumos teóricos y doctrinarios, que se pueden aplicar a la defensa y que versan específicamente sobre el delito de tráfico de drogas en mínima escala, como es el caso de la atipicidad por el incumplimiento de los elementos objetivos del tipo penal, las causas de exclusión de tipicidad o error de tipo, inclusive causas de exculpación. Al no tomarse en cuenta estos insumos, no se podría asesorar efectivamente a la persona procesada, con relación a las ventajas o desventajas para que se someta al procedimiento abreviado, esto lleva a que no permite configurar una defensa técnica eficiente para que los defensores y/o abogados en libre ejercicio, puedan desenvolverse en la dinámica de la litigación penal. El objetivo principal del presente análisis se enmarca bajo la consigna de establecer al Modelo de defensa estratégica de litigación penal para delitos de tráfico de mínima escala de drogas. Las principales interrogantes que surgen dentro del estudio se asocian: ¿Cuáles son los fundamentos doctrinarios que se pueden manejar respecto de los delitos de tráfico de drogas en mínima escala?; ¿Cuáles son los elementos que configuran un modelo de estrategia de defensa en litigación oral? El presente documento científico, se determina en un orden teórico descriptivo de carácter documental, puesto que en este proceso se ha llevado a cabo una indagación, estructuración, tratamiento de la información y un escrutinio de varios documentos electrónicos y bibliografía respecto de la litigación penal, con el fin de crear un modelo y materializarlo en la práctica, con el fin de alcanzar una eficiente defensa técnica en cuanto a los delitos de tráfico de drogas en mínima escala. En cuanto a los resultados, se determina que la teoría del caso, es el factor principal que determinará el éxito del juicio. Esto por cuanto, el proceso penal es uno de conocimiento, es decir, conforme van avanzando sus etapas, se obtienen vestigios, evidencias, elementos de convicción, y prueba que permitirán arribar a una verdad procesal. Esta última permite identificar las circunstancias del hecho punible, u objeto de investigación, la identidad de los autores, y demás aspectos propios de la investigación penal. Palabras clave: Litigación penal, juicio oral, prueba, teoría del delito, modelo de litigación.

La investigación consistió en aislar, identificar y aplicar diferentes cepas de Trichoderma, multiplicadas por fermentación liquida. Los aislados fueron obtenido de cuatro provincias de la Amazonia Ecuatoriana de tres cultivos. Las cepas de Trichoderma fueron seleccionadas mediante un screenning, el cual consistió en sumergir las semillas de maíz en una solución 1x107 de esporas por tratamiento y se dejó en reposo por una hora. Las inoculaciones se realizaron previo a la siembra cada 15 días, hasta los 60 días. Posteriormente a la primera inoculación de los tratamientos, se evaluó la altura de planta, longitud y diámetro de raíces, como resultado, se determinó que todos los tratamientos que incluían Trichoderma lograron un crecimiento notable en las raíces a diferencia del control. Se concluye que los aislados MSPP-01-03 y MSPP-02-05 actúan como promotores del crecimiento radical de plantas de maíz.

The research is aimed at obtaining edible-biodegradable films to maintain and preserve the quality of food. Corn starch is used, which due to its hydrophilic characteristic requires the addition gelatin; and mandarin peel essential oil (AE), which due to its hydrophobic nature reduces permeability. To obtain the essential oil, the Clavenger method is applied; and the Casting method is used for its elaboration films and are formulated using a factorial experimental design kn of 32, with 2.5%, 3.75% and 5% w/v gelatin concentrations; and essential oil at 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% v/v; the constants are maintained: 5% starch and 3% glycerol. The response variables (solubility, humidity and WVP), are evaluated through the statistical analysis of ANOVA and are displayed on the Pareto diagram and Response Surface Graph. These, in turn, reflect that, at a higher percentage of gelatin, the films experience an increase in their response variables; and, at a higher percentage of essential oil, a decrease is generated. However, the interaction of the two factors significantly (p<0.05) affects the decrease in solubility. The regression model determined for the (%) solubility, (%) humidity and WVP, yield an R2 of 98.64%, 98.62% and 97.05%, respectively.

The objective of this research is to improve the benefits of banana flour, fortifying it with the help of watercress, for this, lots of bananas (4 boxes) and watercress (10 tied) were separated. This was done through a process in which watercress and banana were initially weighed completely. The vegetable was weighed with stem and leaves, and the fruit was weighed with bark and pulp. After all the process of obtaining banana flour and watercress were weighed in its entirety, this to measure the percentage that was obtained from each one and what was the loss of them. In this way we obtained as results, that the weight of the banana with bark was 14689.5g and the weight of the pulp was 8519g equivalent to 57.99% of the fruit, the weight of the flour was 3333g, equivalent to 39.12% of the pulp . Similarly, the weight of the watercress was 755.02g with stem and leaves, 450g of leaves equivalent to 59.6%, obtaining 159g of watercress equivalent to 35.33%. Once the process of making the flour was finished, we obtained that the banana flour reinforced with watercress presents an increase in its vitamin properties, being better for human consumption.

The problem in the present investigation focuses on the actions of legal professionals (lawyers), within the oral trial hearings, since they do not have oral litigation strategies that lead to a favorable decision for the accused, evidencing a lack of preparation by the legal professional. As a consequence, disproportionate sentences can be given, violating the right to a dignified and adequate defense, even causing the judge to be misled and due to non-observance, the principle of legal certainty and due process is violated. The objective of this research is to provide the reader with adequate technical defense strategies for a correct defense. The methodology that is applied in this scientific document, is part of the theoretical - descriptive bibliographical research, this because in the practical level of the investigation a process of scrutiny, election, organization and processing of information has been carried out, to establish a Theoretical model based on technical defense strategies, applied specifically to the "diablada pillareña" case. Regarding the results presented by the investigation, the majority position presented by the doctrine has been identified, regarding oral litigation techniques, and their application to a specific case, in such a way that useful tools are provided for the elaboration of Defense strategies to be used in the oral trial.