Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study analyses causal attributions in secondary school students and whether these attributions vary according to the type of difficulty, as well as to success in other areas of personal performance. Patterns of causal attributions and their relation to academic performance and to participation in sports and artistic activities, were assessed on a sample of 371 students aged 13 to 16, of whom 67 were diagnosed with learning difficulties. Results show that the greater the difficulty, the greater the attribution in considering effort as the main cause for achieving success in their learning process; no differences were found by the type of difficulty. Likewise, findings indicate that when students with learning difficulties feel competent in non-academic areas, they can develop better predisposition to achievement. This could have an impact on their ability to cope with learning, their perception of competence and self-regulation processes.

The aim of the research is to describe the behavior of self-concept, school adjustment and emotional exhaustion in a sample of online high school students in Mexico, as well as to identify gender differences, analyze their relationships and generate a predictive model. It is a study with a quantitative, observational approach, and a predictive cross-sectional design. Five hundred and seventy-eight students from the 32 states of Mexico participated. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the AF5 Self-concept scale, the Brief School Adjustment Scale and the Emotional Exhaustion Scale were used. The findings show that the emotional, social and physical self-concept present the lowest scores. Men obtained higher scores than women in all dimensions of self-concept, mainly in the emotional factor. All the participants showed adequate levels of school adjustment, both in total and in all its factors. In emotional exhaustion, women showed slightly higher levels than men. The association between self-concept and school adjustment was positive, while the relationship of both with emotional exhaustion was negative. It is suggested to delve into the study variables and incorporate the evolutionary factor of self-concept into the analysis, beyond the educational context.

The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between work- family conflict, perception of gender equality and subjective well-being of health officials in the Maule Region (Chile). The sample used was 255 health officials from three public services of the Maule Region. The instruments used were the CTF/CFT Scale, the Gender Equity Perception Questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Subjective Happiness Scale. It was observed that the direction of work-family conflict is predominantly from family to work. In the same way, it was found that there is a statistically significant and negative relationship between the work-family conflict variables and the perception of gender equity, as well as in the work-family conflict and subjective well-being variables. On the other hand, it is evidenced that there is a statistically significant and positive relationship between the perception of gender equity and subjective well-being. It is concluded that it is necessary to face the social changes that have been experienced with the insertion of women into the labor market and how a mismatch occurs in terms of work- family conciliation, understanding the post-pandemic challenges.

Bullying is an important risk factor for the mental health of children and adolescents, since victim’s present higher levels of emotional problems while those who carry it out show greater behavioural problems. Despite its relevance, few instruments exist for its measurement in school-age children. The present study sought to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire in a Spanish-speaking sample, with the particularity of being the first analysis of Spanish-speaking children. A quantitative study was carried out, implementing AFE, AFC, and Spearman's correlations. An intentional sample of 670 Argentinian children, male (48 %) and female (52 %), from 10 to 12 years old (mean age= 10.80; SD = 0.72) answered this test, such as the Friendship Quality Scale and the Kovacs Depression Inventory. The results indicated a factorial structure of two dimensions called victimization and bullying that coincided with those postulated by the author of the questionnaire. Cronbach's and Omega's alphas were satisfactory. The evidence of concurrent validity with the perception of the quality of friendship and depression was confirmed. The results indicated that this questionnaire presented adequate psychometric properties in its adaptation to Argentinian Spanish.

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the motivation for child mastery and parental variables such as positive parenting and praise given by primary caregivers in Argentina. In this way, it would be possible to expand the understanding of the relational dynamics between caregivers and infants and identify which parenting behaviors promote children's motivational development. The Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ), the Positive Parenting Scale (E2P), and the Scale of Praise given by primary caregivers to infants were used for this purpose. The participants were 107 primary caregivers of infants aged between 0 and 3 years in Argentina. Multiple linear regression was conducted, revealing that positive parenting, along with age, contribute to child mastery motivation, while praise was not a predictor of this variable. In conclusion, the significance of positive parenting skills during infant rearing for the appropriate development of motivation and cognitive/emotional abilities is emphasized. Including the development of these skills in interventions with primary caregivers would be relevant and crucial for promoting the comprehensive development of children.

The objective of this study was to determine if there are differences in performance in working memory and spatial representation in rural Mapuche children and non-Mapuche urban children, from the Araucanía region, Chile. 96 students between 8 and 12 years old participated (M = 10.33; SD = 1.02) who answered tasks of working memory and spatial representation in verbal and non-verbal format. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was performed, controlling for the effect of age and gender. The results show that Mapuche participants scored lower than their non-Mapuche peers in verbal working memory and marginally significant differences were found in non-verbal working memory. In the verbal spatial representation, no differences will be obtained in the groups and in the non-verbal spatial representation Mapuche children obtained a significantly higher performance than their non-Mapuche peers. Non-Mapuche children perform better on verbal tasks, while Mapuche children perform similarly or higher on non-verbal tasks. The relevance of ecological validity from the situated cognition paradigm is discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to report the psychometric properties and normative data of the Self-Care Scale in the Argentine population. The scale evaluates the self-care from an integral view of the construct, this includes the external aspects of the self-care, the intrapsychic self-care and the relational aspects of how human take care of themselves. The scale consists of 31 items that are answered from a Likert format that involve seven possible answers. A non-experimental, cross-sectional, instrumental-type study was designed. A non-probabilistic sample made up of 768 subjects residing in different provinces of the Argentine Republic was established. When carrying out the construct validity studies, the Exploratory Factor Analysis indicates the grouping of the items into six factors. With the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it was observed that the six-factor model presented a good fit. The results show an adequate internal consistency of the test and an adequate test-retest stability after five weeks. The results obtained in the research carried out are consistent with the findings of the original study, which indicates that the studies of the psychometric properties of the scale are reliable and valid to be used in the general Argentine population.

The purpose of this research is to propose a model of communication factors (content, style, context, and time) on consistency in condom use in men. 1524 men participated through an intentional sampling who were invited to answer a survey, later three groups were formed, diagnosed with HIV, who have taken an HIV test, but whose result is negative, and who never They have done a screening test. Initially, the differences between the groups and correlations between variables are shown, as results before the realization of structural equations. Second, the model was tested in the entire sample and by group, the first model that considered all the participants was adequately adjusted, when doing this same analysis, but by group, the results were similar, although in the case of men with HIV, the time of HIV diagnosis was incorporated for a better fit of the model. The results are discussed in terms of the empirical evidence of the model and the design of intervention programs that promote condom use in men.

Our objective was to analyze the measurement invariance of the Academic Situations Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (ASSPSES) among Peruvian, Mexican, Colombian, Argentinean, and Brazilian college students, and its relationship with academic emotional exhaustion (AEE). In addition to the ASSPSES, the Emotional Exhaustion Scale (EES) was used. Two thousand one hundred forty-two college students (70.26% women) between the ages of 16 and 35 (M = 21.79 years) participated. The one-dimensional structure of ASSPSES was corroborated in each sample with a confirmatory factor analysis and the measurement invariance analysis was carried out with a multi-group factor analysis (MGFA) and with the differential item functioning. The relationship with the AEE was tested with the Pearson correlation coefficient. Regard the results, in all of the samples, the one-dimensional model presented adequate psychometric indicators with respect to both dimensionality and reliability. Similarly, regarding the analysis of measurement invariance, a strong variance was attained, and DIF is weak, which together with the MGFA results provides favorable evidence of measurement invariance. We conclude that ASSPSES is an invariant measure among the analyzed groups although replicating the study is necessary for the consolidation of the findings. These findings contribute to the understanding of the internal structure of the ASSPSES, something that had been awaiting evaluation, given how the scale is used in various contexts.

Objective. To describe schemes and effectiveness of post-operative pain management at the National Maternal Perinatal Institute. Materials and Methods.  Descriptive, retrospective cross-sectional study, in which 305 medical histories of patients treated between January and March 2021 were reviewed and analyzed, data such as treatment schedules, pain frequency, analgesic management, rescues, opioid use, and adverse effects were collected. Results.  Of 303 medical records included, the most commonly used treatment regimen was intrathecal morphine in combination with an intravenous analgesic (93.1%) which was initiated in the operating room, the most frequent adverse effects were nausea and vomiting (4.3%), pruritus (1.3%), urinary retention (0.3%). Respiratory depression and the presence of severe pain were not reported; but there was a need for analgesic rescue use in 20% of patients in the recovery service. Conclusions. The most commonly analgesic regimen used for postoperative pain was intrathecal morphine in combination with an intravenous analgesic (93.1%), and this regimen was initiated during surgery (98.7%). Multimodal analgesia including neuraxial morphine coupled with intravenous analgesics had a lower incidence of the use of rescue drugs to control breakthrough postoperative pain secondary to cesarean section in the sample studied.