Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Ips calligraphus is the primary pest of Pinus occidentalis Sw. forests in the Dominican Republic and acts as a potential vector for ophiostomatoid fungi. The symbiotic association between Ips and these fungi compromises the host tree’s defense mechanisms by overcoming the toxicity of secondary metabolites, facilitating the beetle’s colonization and reproduction. This lethal combination poses a significant threat to conifers and results in substantial economic losses for the forestry industry. To address this issue, fungi were isolated on malt extract agar from insect bodies collected from infested trees. Identification was based on the morphological characteristics of the mycelium and DNA sequencing using ITS1-ITS4 primers. Six morphotypes of ophiostomatoid fungi were identified: four Ophiostoma ips, one Leptographium manifestum, and one Ophiostoma spp. This study provides the first report of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with I. calligraphus in the country.

The improper handling of plastic waste has generated an environmental issue due to the high durability of these materials over time, leading to the accumulation of large volumes of waste. The global production of polymeric products, which have a negative environmental impact, has driven the search for alternatives and innovations in substitute materials that promote degradation over time while maintaining the polymeric structure and functionality of conventional materials. Consequently, the development of degradable biopolymers and bioplastics to replace synthetic materials derived from hydrocarbons has begun. This work addresses advancements in the production and application of biopolymers as alternatives to reduce the use of synthetic materials, exploring their conceptualization and various discussions surrounding biopolymers. These biologically derived macromolecules are noted for their ability to biodegrade under natural conditions, making them less harmful to the environment. The study also analyzes the main types of biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and polyesters produced by microorganisms, as well as their applications across different industries. Additionally, it explores the current state and perspectives on the manufacturing and application of biopolymers at both national and international levels, emphasizing the importance of adopting technologies that drive progress toward a circular economy. Through this research, the diversity of biopolymers has been conceptualized and classified, promoting the use of natural biological resources and the discovery of new raw material sources for the production of industrial products that support circularity.

Dengue remains a critical public health challenge in the Dominican Republic, with alarming figures highlighting the need for innovative vector control strategies. This opinion article explores the potential of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMM) as a complementary tool to traditional methods, assessing their ethical, regulatory, and social implications. The importance of an integrated approach that includes robust regulatory frameworks, active community participation, and environmental monitoring is emphasized to ensure the safe and equitable implementation of this technology. This analysis aims to foster informed dialogue and promote sustainable solutions to the growing burden of dengue.

Growing concern over plastic pollution has driven the development and adoption of biodegradable alternatives. However, these materials present unique challenges in terms of microbiological safety that merit critical analysis. This editorial explores the potential public health and environmental risks associated with microbial colonization and degradation of biodegradable plastics.

The creation of Artificial Intelligence is one of the greatest achievements of the present century, where, due to its benefits, it is a reliable and truthful tool for managing the vast amount of information existing in the global data network. In contrast to the technological benefits it possesses, traditional research has its preponderant place in the generation of knowledge in the 21st century, since it constitutes the personal seal of the researcher, being able to know facts and phenomena that have only been defined in the problem found, so its value is found in the amalgamation with Artificial Intelligence, complementing each other, as well as exploiting the potential of each for the generation of knowledge, innovative ideas, and solutions to problems in the learning environment. In Ecuador, a country with little investment in education, as well as having a youth with a great acceptance of social networks and their great dependence on technology and its various applications in the global data network, makes AI a primordial element to enhance cognitive processes, so as the main result of this work, it is exposed how AI has maximized traditional research in Basic General Education, High School and University; while the main conclusion mentions how specific activities can be established by the Ecuadorian teacher-facilitator, which revalue traditional research supported by the benefits of AI, establishing its application limits for the achievement of the objectives of each assigned work or task.

Psychomotor development during infancy represents a multifaceted process shaped by several critical determinants and domains, and any delay in this development can profoundly affect a child's holistic growth. The objective was to analyze the scientific literature on psychomotor development in early childhood, identifying key areas, influencing factors and warning signs to facilitate early detection of possible developmental delays. The methodology employed included a literature review of the relevant academic literature, which was then categorized and reviewed in relation to key developmental domains, contextual determinants and indicators of concern. The results indicated that psychomotor development encompasses core domains such as motor skills, language skills, and cognitive processes, and that influencing factors such as family composition and nutritional health have important implications for developmental outcomes. It is concluded that early identification of developmental delays, coupled with a holistic approach, is critical to ensure timely intervention and appropriate support in the area of child psychomotor development.

This paper addresses a legal review on the crime of impersonation of tangible identity and the lack of independent typification within the criminal legislation for the impersonation of identity by electronic means; also, a critical analysis of objective tendency on the Ecuadorian legislation on this subject is framed. It is argued with related law studies, which exhibit a criminal review on computer crimes, from a general perspective and without estimating at macro, meso and micro level the scope reflected of an intangible reality of social justice. The constitutional postulates are cited sequentially, in criminal matters and according to the legal procedure the state of this legal problem is visualized; with the purpose of diagnosing the best answers to counteract the effects in the Latin American information society. From the cognitive point of view, other mishaps are compared according to the central theme by way of inspection; giving guidelines, where the potentialities of preparing against cybercrimes with the technological and socioeconomic adequacy for both public and private entities are evidenced. 

In the realization of any civil process, expenses must necessarily be incurred with respect to a series of procedures: expert reports, documents, etc. In the case of the national legal system, emphasis has been placed on this through various declarations at the level of several laws, making it clear that access to the judicial system in Ecuador is free of charge. And in the specific case of the judicial summons of the defendant, this is no exception, such a declaration is reiterated. The present work seeks to establish that there is no parallel or contradiction between the principle of free access to the justice system and the serving of the writ of summons in civil proceedings, even if this is paid for by the interested party, until the judge definitively establishes it through the respective sentence.

The right to identity and biological origin is a fundamental pillar in the exercise of human rights and in the integral development of children and adolescents. The declaration of paternity post mortem has become an issue of growing relevance in Ecuador, highlighting the need to reconcile respect for fundamental rights with ethical, cultural and family implications. Through an analysis of the current legislation and jurisprudence of Ecuador in comparison with the norms of other countries in the region, legal gaps are identified with respect to the declaration of post mortem paternity and post mortem filiation by assisted human reproduction techniques. The objective of this article is to analyze from a legal and social perspective the implications of the recognition of post mortem paternity in the Ecuadorian legal system, identifying legal gaps, bioethical challenges and proposing recommendations to strengthen the current regulatory framework. The methodology employed is qualitative through documentary review and critical discourse analysis. The results indicate that Ecuadorian legislation lacks a chapter on the recognition of post-mortem paternity and post-mortem filiation through assisted human reproduction techniques.

The spatial structuring established since the Republican foundation of Ecuador in 1830 is presented as disorganized and chaotic due to the failure to conceive the country's bio-anthropological diversity and differences. This neglect resulted in the absence of a historically agreed-upon organization and ordering of the State and its territory, leading instead to a State controlled by the governing elite for their own benefit. The socio-spatial disorder and chaos are evident in the accumulated delays and rural-urban poverty, which should have been addressed to build a diverse and inclusive nation. This topic is pertinently addressed in the present research, tracing the foundational-structural implications, combined with circumstantial practices that have hindered the implementation of the long-desired and proclaimed "Constitutional State of Rights, Social Justice, Territorial Integrity, and Plurinationality" of 2008.