Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this research was the morphomolecular identification of species of the genus Fusarium associated with native and commercial maize genotypes in municipalities of Puebla and Morelos, Mexico, as well as to describe the socioeconomic and cultural importance of maize cultivation. Fusarium species were isolated from grains and stem cuttings with purple, brown, and dark brown pigmentations. They were identified morphomolecularly by using taxonomic keys and the Dinocapture 2.0 software, and by DNA extraction by the CTAB method and amplification of the ITS1 and ITS4 region by PCR. Four species were identified: Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium incarnatum and Fusarium napiforme with an identity greater than 98%. The genotypes with the highest incidence of Fusarium spp. were: Pioneer 30F35 in San Miguel, Teotlalco, Puebla by F. verticillioides (A2). The genotypes with the lowest incidence were: Shark from Tetelilla, Morelos by F. incarnatum (A1), F. verticillioides (A6) and F. napiforme (A7). Maize is the main food in many locations in Mexico, however, due to the high consumption of this grain and its derivatives, as well as the high consumption of meat presumably fed with this grain, it could represent a route of ingestion of mycotoxins.

Structural violence occurs by means of social stratification, injustice, political or economic inequity, race, gender, or other conditions. It creates different opportunities and decreases the possibility of covering basic needs. To validate the Structural Violence Beliefs Scale for Youth (SVBS-Y). The scale was developed following a sequential design, starting with content validation by judges, followed by Exploratory and Confirmatory Factorial Analyses (CFA). Finally, we sought to obtain criterion validity evidence with the “Attitudes Toward the Poor Scale”. The sample consisted of 852 students (445 females and 407 male), with an average age of 16.44 (SD = 1.92) years. The CFA confirmed three dimensions: (a) Inequity and prejudice towards people with fewer resources, (b) Interest in equal opportunities, and (c) Ruling class privilege. A rho=.64 indicated an adequate criterion (concurrent) validity. This study provides evidence that the SVBS-Y is a reliable and valid instrument in Mexican youth.

Organizations implement measures to have a higher performance that allows them to be prosperous and competitive, one of them being intellectual capital. However, in the face of a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the restaurant industry was one of the most affected. The objective of this paper is to determine if intellectual capital -divided into human, structural and relational capital- influenced positively in the performance of the Baja California restaurant industry during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is explanatory and cross-sectional. Partial least squares structural equation model applied to 280 restaurants in Baja California was used. A questionnaire with responses on a five-point Likert scale was designed to measure the four study variables. It was shown that during the pandemic, relational capital positively influenced the restaurants performance. On the other hand, human and structural capital did not present any degree of significance. The restaurant industry was unable to react to the scourge of the pandemic, so it was unable to design strategies to take advantage of human capital or act to strengthen the structural one. Fortunately, they focused on improving customer relations, seeking to satisfy their needs.

Psychosomatic symptoms are physical manifestations of psychological origin that are not adequately explained by organic causes. For this reason, it is difficult to differentiate them from other conditions, so health sciences must consider their diagnosis and research on them a priority. The PHQ-15 (Patient Health Questionnaire) is an instrument that allows its diagnosis through a list of 15 psychosomatic symptoms. The purpose of this research was to validate the PHQ-15 for the Mexican adult population, obtaining indicators of reliability, construct, and convergent validity. First, the instrument was translated and culturally adapted. This version was evaluated by mental health specialists and doctors. The PHQ-15 and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were applied to 420 Mexican participants through an online survey. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed that rectified the unifactorial structure. The results showed acceptable fit indicators and a significant contribution of all the reagents to the model. The correlations between the PHQ-15 and the HADS showed a directly proportional relationship between psychosomatic symptoms with depression and anxiety, which provides evidence of convergent validity. Regarding internal consistency, it showed adequate levels of reliability.

Knowledge about the reliability of a wireless sensor network is important in industry. Indeed, in holonic manufacturing, it is convenient to ensure that decisions are made with reliable data. However, experimental evaluation in a real environment is a task that consumes time and financial resources, it also depends on several factors such as the technical characteristics of the transceiver and the location of the nodes. Thus, the use of simulation and calculation software in Industry 4.0 can potentially reduce costs and implementation time significantly, nonetheless some simulators deal with power consumption and network reliability with theoretical models that have limitations for commercial devices. This paper presents the sWSN3 tool that, through an intuitive graphical interface allows placing sensor nodes on the virtual environment of a plant layout and calculates the reliability of a wireless sensor network using parameters such as signal to noise ratio, received packet rate, and battery life time. Results show that sWSN3 can accurately estimate the reliability of a virtual WSN.

The accelerated demand for space for new urban and industrial developments has generated large uncontrolled agglomerations as anonymous or undifferentiated urban fabric, which as modern urban processes only know how to grow, but lack the "intelligence" to organize their development. In this way, being a Smart city entails a high economic cost, impossible in an economy, where the benefit of an investment is not discussed but the efficiency with which it is generated, to move the resources to another point. This research develops an analysis about the perception of Spanish and Mexican undergraduate and graduate students, regarding the characteristics of a Smart city, with the aim of providing references for new urban projects and generate changes in current cities, to turn them into more humans, sustainable and intelligent places.

Solid-state fermented apple pomace (AP-SSF) enriched with non-nitrogen protein has been studied as an alternative ingredient for feeding dairy cattle. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of AP-SSF in the feeding of dairy cows in early lactation on the yield and quality of milk, microbial contamination, and ruminal fermentation parameters, as well as the concentration of ammonia and the number of protozoa. Twenty Holstein cows were used, 20 of 660 kg on average, with 2-4 lactations and an average of 89 days in milk. Two groups were formed with ten cows each, randomly distributed to form a 2 x 2 Latin square with standard periods. Experiment diets were formulated with traditional ingredients, and one of them was added AP-SSF. Rations were gradually incorporated, giving ten days for adaptation and another 20 days for sampling. In lactose and production variables, no difference was statistically significant (P> 0.05) in milk fat and protein differences (P < 0.05) in the first component for the control treatment and the second toward treatment, as AP-SSF succeeded in increasing the percentage of milk fat. For Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Total coliform differences (P < 0.05) in favor of the treatment were achieved AP-SSF and decreased the CFU / mL for Salmonella sp. while there was no difference (P > 0.05). Volatile fatty acids showed statistical difference (P < 0.05) for Acetic, Propionic, and Butyric acids. AP-SSF treatment for the rest of the parameters ruminal pH, ammonia, and protozoa did not show any significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatments. Concluded that it is possible to incorporate AP-SSF as a protein ingredient in diets of dairy cows in early lactation because some variables improved and showed no adverse effects in any of the variables evaluated.

This document presents the development of a prototype of a Cartesian robot with a 5 degrees-of-freedom articulated robot arm for possible applications in a wet spinning process at the laboratory-level. The mechatronic system was developed using various modular electronics elements compatible with an ArduinoTM Mega 2560 microcontroller. The control algorithm recognizes the position of the servomotors and the speed of the motors so that the prototype performs a complete cycle of displacement in 67 s, which includes the transport of a polymeric filament immersed in a coagulation bath for 10 s. A structural analysis indicates that there will be no tension failures because the maximum and axial stress of the Cartesian robot was 2.89 MPa while the von Mises tension of the robotic arm was 468 MPa, both tensions below their upper limits. The pulse signals, in the order of 4000 +25 ms, of the servomotors were consistent in 96-98% repeatability and 3-19% reproducibility. Forty percent of the extrusion tests performed were satisfactory, since the transport of a polymeric filament within a coagulant solution was achieved.

The acquisition of high-resolution images by drones and their subsequent processing provides valuable information on biophysical variables of grassland vegetation. The objective of this study was to generate a prediction model of the annual productivity dynamics of a semi-arid grassland in northern Mexico through the estimated vegetation cover in digital photographs obtained by drone. A permanent sampling system was designed in the La Cieneguilla cattle ranch. The study variables measured were the direct cut biomass production as the dependent variable and the vegetation cover estimated in digital images acquired by drone as the independent variable. The number of samples collected for both variables was 640 during the year 2020. With 50% of the data, the prediction model was generated and with the other 50% of the data, the validation model, the adjusted regression models were the form Y = β0 + β1X + β2X2 with adjusted R2 = 71.64% and 69.90% respectively. This proposed methodology offers a non-destructive and accurate means for annual monitoring and evaluation of grasslands in dry areas.

The relationship between the strength of the material and the geometry of bone scaffolds ensures that the scaffold pores remain intact while bone cells develop through them. In this study, mechanical simulations of two geometries of bone scaffolds are presented using the mechanical properties of Hydroxyapatite (HAp) mixed with lactic acid. First, compression tests were performed on the HAp to determine its mechanical properties. Then, two geometries of bone scaffolds were modeled based on the porosity and size suitable for cell regeneration as reported in the literature, and the mechanical properties values were used for FEM simulations. The elastic modulus of 253.4 MPa, yield stress of 7.53 MPa, and Poisson's ratio of 0.33 were found. The porosities calculated for the cubic and cylindrical CAD models are 43.83% and 50.51%, respectively. It was found that the cubic model supported a force of 21 N in versus the cylindrical model, which supported a force of 19 N; these forces were applied in the simulations not to exceed the maximum permissible stress of 4.5 MPa of the HAp.