Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i16.0252 Abstract Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disease affecting preterm infants and remains one of the leading preventable causes of childhood blindness worldwide. The standard diagnostic method, indirect ophthalmoscopy, requires specialized expertise, can be stressful for the infant, and shows significant interobserver variability. Over the past decade, ocular B scan ultrasound, high frequency Doppler, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) have been investigated as complementary tools. Key studies demonstrate that B scan ultrasound reliably identifies tractional “funnel shaped” retinal detachments and associated complications in advanced ROP; ultrafast Doppler ultrasound reveals markedly increased retinal blood flow in severe cases, offering objective risk stratification; orbital MRI differentiates total retinal detachment without an intraocular mass from retinoblastoma, and cerebral MRI has linked ROP to reduced white matter and cerebellar volumes and poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes at two years; finally, CT is limited to ruling out retinoblastoma by detecting intraocular calcifications. While these imaging modalities do not replace routine ophthalmic screening in early disease, they provide valuable anatomical and hemodynamic information in advanced stages and differential diagnosis, paving the way for a more objective, multidisciplinary approach to ROP management. Keywords: Retinopathy of Prematurity, Ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, Diagnostic Imaging.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i16.0275 Abstract Pregnancy loss and neonatal death constitute a public health problem with profound physical, emotional, and social repercussions for families. The ‘Butterfly Code’ is an innovative model that integrates humanised care protocols and emotional support to dignify the perinatal grieving process. Objective: To analyse, through a systematic review, humanised care practices based on the ‘Butterfly Code’ in nursing to address pregnancy and neonatal loss. Methodology: Systematic review following the PRISMA guideline. Databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and SciELO were consulted. Articles published from 2020 to 2025 in English and Spanish that addressed nursing practices and protocols of the ‘Butterfly Code’ were included. An analysis matrix and predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used. Results: Sixteen studies were reviewed that highlight the importance of continuous training for nursing staff, standardisation of protocols, and the incorporation of actions such as symbolic rituals, differentiated spaces, and empathetic communication to strengthen care. Conclusions: The ‘Butterfly Code’ positions nursing as a pillar of humanised care in the face of pregnancy and neonatal loss. Continuing education, standardised protocols, and an interdisciplinary approach are essential to ensuring dignified, respectful, and emotionally healing care. Keywords: Butterfly Code, Humanised care, Nursing, Gestational and neonatal loss, Perinatal bereavement.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i16.0274 Abstract Introduction: The application of the Afaf Meleis Theory is essential as a guidance resource for nursing staff to assist the individual in the process of adaptation to a different lifestyle. Objective: To analyze the application of the Afaf Meleis Theory in nursing care for people with phantom pain of an amputated limb through a systematic review. Methodology: Exhaustive systematic review, as an information retrieval strategy, the DeCS/MeSH descriptors were used, under the guidelines of the PRISMA method. Bibliographic search in databases: PUBMed, Google Scholar, ProQuest and Science Direct, with the help of Boolean operators (AND and ORD). As inclusion criteria, complete, open access articles published from 2013 to 2018, in Spanish, English, and Portuguese were considered, and as exclusion criteria, articles that did not address the topic, restricted access articles, less than the year 2018 and non-translation to the Spanish language. The selection of articles that had peer reviews was included to avoid bias and maintain the quality of the studies and the SING scale. Results: There is still no current research on nursing care in people with phantom pain from an amputated limb directly related to Afat Meleis' theory. However, there are studies that support the application of the theory in vulnerable processes in an individual's life. Conclusion: The Afaf Meleis Theory has been evolving and plays an important role in nursing care related to the transition stage that an illness implies. Keywords: Nursing Care, Phantom Limb, Surgical Amputation, Transition.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i16.0255 Abstract The uterine microbiome plays a crucial role in the reproductive health of high-producing dairy cows, since alterations in its composition can favor the appearance of subclinical endometritis. Therefore, understanding the interaction of beneficial and pathogenic bacteria will allow the development of strategies to improve fertility, thus optimizing productivity and welfare in intensive dairy systems. In this context, the objective of the study is to identify the relationship between the uterine microbiome and the incidence of subclinical endometritis in cows of intensive production, for this, the study was based on a documentary literature review through an exhaustive search of several scientific articles in databases such as Scielo, Pubmed, Dialnet; Sciencie Direct where 60 articles were investigated, 20 of which were selected with scientific rigor and which addressed topics such as the uterine microbiome, bacterial dysbiosis and the relationship it has in the development of subclinical endometritis. Bacterial dysbiosis influences the balance of the uterine microbiota, since an imbalance can alter processes such as local homeostasis, which favors inflammatory processes and infections due to the presence of invading bacteria. Therefore, monitoring the uterine environment is a key tool for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies and the use of strategies to restore the bacterial balance. Keywords: Cows, Subclinical Endometritis, Dysbiosis, Production.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i15.0243 Objective: To design an adaptation protocol for cosmoprosthetic contact lenses in Manabí. Theoretical Framework: Cosmoprosthetic lenses, in addition to their aesthetic function, significantly contribute to emotional and social well-being, especially in cases of stigmatizing ocular conditions. Method: An experimental study with a mixed-methods approach was conducted, using surveys validated by experts and a focus group of five patients selected from a population of 20 individuals. A data collection instrument was created for the design of the adaptation protocol. Participants included adults over 18 years with compatible conditions and informed consent, excluding those with active diseases or who did not complete the adaptation process. Results and Discussion: Users reported significant improvements in their aesthetic appearance and quality of life, with 85% satisfaction regarding the adaptation process. These findings align with previous studies on the aesthetic and emotional effectiveness of these lenses, highlighting the need to refine certain aspects of the adaptation protocol. Research Implications: This study emphasizes the importance of continuous training to optimize optometric practices in the region and proposes enhancing adaptation protocols to maximize both aesthetic and functional benefits. Originality/Value: The research provides evidence of the positive impact of cosmoprosthetic lenses in Manabí, serving as a reference for other regions with similar populations. Keywords: Contactology, cosmoprosthetic lenses, quality of life, adaptation, protocol.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i16.0276 Abstract This study evaluated the influence of sowing density and feeding type on the weight and length of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in six productive strata in San Vicente canton, Ecuador. The strata were classified according to their management practices: high density with commercial feed (strata 1 and 4), medium density with probiotic or commercial feed (strata 2 and 5), and low density with probiotic feed (strata 3 and 6). Weight (g) and length (cm) data were collected in three ponds per stratum, applying descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. Results indicated that mean weight ranged from 12.00 g to 17.67 g, while length ranged from 11.93 cm to 14.87 cm, with low standard deviations (≤ 0.58), reflecting uniformity within strata. ANOVA showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) for both variables. Stratum 3 (low density + balanced with probiotics) presented the highest values, while stratum 4 (high density + commercially balanced) obtained the lowest values. These findings show that planting density and the incorporation of probiotics in the diet have a direct influence on the productive performance of shrimp. Keywords: planting density, probiotics, productive performance, aquaculture.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i15.0242 Introduction: Ovarian dermoid cysts, also known as mature cystic teratomas (MCTs), are the most common ovarian germ cell tumors in young women. They can occur in women of any age and are most common among women of reproductive age. Patients may be asymptomatic or present with chronic pelvic pain or a pelvic mass. Acute pain occurs when complications occur. About 20% of patients have no symptoms when tumors are detected. Tumors are often discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other indications. Clinical case: A female patient with no important history, refers abdominal pain of 1 month of evolution, mother refers that she goes to a health center where localized lymphadenopathy is diagnosed. Conclusion: Tumors that develop in the ovaries are considered uncommon or frequent during childhood, constituting only between 1% and 5% of the total of all tumors diagnosed in pediatric patients. Up to ninety percent of all tumors that occur in the ovaries of children are actually germ cell tumors. Of these types of tumors, the most frequently encountered is known as mature cystic teratoma. Keywords: Mature cystic teratoma, Germ cells, Abdominal pain.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i15.0244 Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), also known as Wegener's granulomatosis, is a necrotizing vasculitis that primarily affects small and medium-sized vessels. It is characterized by the formation of granulomas and can affect any organ, although it typically involves the upper respiratory tract, lungs, and kidneys. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent serious complications. Clinical case: We present the case of a 29-year-old female patient with no significant history who presented severe bilateral otalgia, otorrhea, and headache. Despite antibiotic treatment, the symptoms persisted. A CT scan showed occupation of the middle ear and mastoid cells. The condition was complicated by periorbital edema and bilateral hearing loss. Interventions and results: Given the persistence and worsening of the symptoms, immunological tests were performed, confirming the presence of c-ANCA. A biopsy of the nasal mucosa confirmed the diagnosis of GPA. Conclusion: Early detection by serological testing and biopsy, followed by appropriate immunosuppressive management, improves clinical outcomes and prevents complications. Keywords: case report, acute otitis media; granulomatosis with polyangitis; Wegener's granulomatosis.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i15.0239 Congenital malformations represent the fourth cause of mortality in newborns, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) affecting 1 in every 33 newborns worldwide. Likewise, every year 240,000 newborns die before 28 days of age, causing 3.2 million special and permanent disabilities, as well as the death of another 170,000 children between 1 and 5 years of age, which causes a personal imbalance and increases family crises due to the disorganization caused by an unexpected pathology in a longed-for child. The aim of this article is to apply the nursing care process in an infant with imperforate anus. Methods: The present investigation is a clinical case in which the evolution of the disease presented by the patient under study will be detailed, focused on applying the nursing care process in the infant with imperforate anus through the use of the Nursing Assessment Guide based on Marjory Gordon's functional health patterns for pediatric use, in addition, an interview will be conducted from the perspective of Callista Roy's adaptation theory in the context of family adaptation to the patient's pathology. Expected results: Nursing care process that addresses the physical needs of the infant, including assessment of the family to promote appropriate family adaptation through emotional support and continuing education. Keywords: Imperforate anus, Anorectal malformations, Nursing interventions, Colostomy, Patient care planning.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i15.0212 Introduction: Phaeohyphomycosis refers to a specific group of uncommon diseases caused by dematiaceous fungi. These microscopic organisms are distinguished by having a dark cell wall, which is due to the presence of a pigment called melanin that gives them this particularity. This last mentioned element is also considered an important virulence factor, as it provides essential protection against free radicals from phagocytic cells. This happens because it adheres to hydrolytic enzymes, which in turn protects the cell membrane from possible destruction caused by hydrolytic processes. As a result of this protective action, a decrease in the effectiveness of certain antifungals used to fight infections is observed. These are fungi that are found almost everywhere, as they live in the soil, on various plants and also develop on organic debris that may be present in the environment. The various pathologies that occur as a result of different factors can be classified into two main categories: A) those that are characterized by hypersensitivity reactions and also include infections that are superficial, and B) those that include infections that are located below the skin, as well as infections that affect the system in a more generalized or systemic way. The transmission of the disease or infection is carried out mainly through two methods: inhalation, where pathogenic particles are introduced into the body through the air we breathe, and the cutaneous route, through which infectious agents can penetrate the body through the skin. Clinical case: a 48-year-old male patient with a history of benign polyps is presented. A few months ago he was diagnosed with colorectal adenocarcinoma. An immunocompromised patient, he comes to us with a lesion on his right leg and left forearm, and reports having suffered no previous trauma. Keywords: fungi, immunosuppression, rare pathology.