Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La hipertrigliceridemia se considera severa cuando el paciente presenta valores entre 500-880 mg/dL y extrema para valores superiores a 880 mg/dL. Las causas de HTG extremas se pueden clasificar en primarias -o genéticas- y en secundarias como la alimentación alta en grasas y alto índice glucémico, consumo de alcohol, obesidad, diabetes mellitus, hipotiroidismo, enfermedad renal y fármacos. El tratamiento de las HTG asintomáticas está en constante revisión, siendo controversial la indicación del recambio plasmático terapéutico. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de pacientes con hipertrigliceridemia extrema, con revisión de la literatura enfocado en los aspectos terapéuticos.

La colitis ulcerosa crónica idiopática es una enfermedad inmune sistémica, que se manifiesta mayormente en las primeras décadas de vida y cuya incidencia va en aumento. Las presentaciones severas de la enfermedad generan un deterioro importante de la calidad de vida. Se expone el caso clínico de una paciente con empuje de colitis ulcerosa severa. La importancia de este caso radica en realizar una breve actualización del tratamiento médico y quirúrgico, así como las principales complicaciones asociadas a esta enfermedad.

El reino hispanogodo estuvo marcado por intensos conflictos entre el poder real y los segmentos aristocráticos. El resultado de estas disputas fue la promulgación de leyes que castigaban a los traidores e infieles con el exilio o, en caso de fuga, el destierro. Encontramos ejemplos de ambas las formas de movilidad en los siglos VI y VII, en particular en la obra de Valerio del Bierzo que analizados en este estudio.

Phytophthora palmivora causal agent of the black ear disease, which causes great economic losses in the crop. The use of rhizobacteria allows reducing the proliferation of pathogens and reducing the use of agrochemicals. The objective of the research is to determine the potential antagonism of rhizobacteria on the resistance structure and propagation of P. palmivora. The research was carried out at the Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the State Technical University of Quevedo (UTEQ), Ecuador. P. palmivora strain L8-1 and the rhizobacteria Klebsiella variicola (BO3-4), Enterobacter asburiae (BA4-19 and PM3-14), Pseudomonas putida (BMR2-4 and PB3-6) and Pseudomonas spp. (PM4-13), the trial was divided into three phases: 1) Antagonism of cell extracts on resistance and dissemination structures; 2) Infection levels in pods and 3) Mechanism of protection of cocoa plants. The results indicated that 72 h af ter application, cell extracts of PM3-14 and BA4-19 presented lysis of chlamydospores (80%), and inhibited germination and lysis of zoospores (68%). The application of cell extracts of BA4-19 decreased the advance of infection of P. palmivora (50%) on the cob bark. At 65 days af ter inoculation (dpi), PM3-14 and BMR2-4 rhizobacteria reduced the mortality of CCN-51 seedlings (100%) in the presence of P. palmivora. The application of rhizobacterial strains PM3-14, BA4-19 and BMR2-4 proved to be highly ef fective in controlling P. palmivora, inhibiting its development and providing complete protection to cocoa CCN-51, in addition to promoting its growth.

Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide, but its excessive use has raised concerns about its potential adverse ef fects on human health and the environment due to its persistence in the soil. Phytoremediation, which utilizes the ability of plants to absorb, accumulate, and metabolize contaminants, is presented as a viable and cost-ef fective alternative to remediate glyphosate-contaminated soils. Therefore, the  main  objective  of  this  research  was  to  evaluate  the  phytoremediation capacityof Chlorophytum comosum (spider plant) in agricultural soils contaminated with glyphosate. A greenhouse experiment was conducted by intentionally contaminating an agricultural soil with glyphosate at a concentration of 1.2 ml kg-1 of the active ingredient glyphosate. Three treatments were established: soil contaminated without plant (TSx), soil not contaminated + plant (TM), and soil contaminated + plant (TMx). Plant biometric variables and concentrations of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), were measured in soil and plant tissues at dif ferent times. The C. comosum plants in glyphosate-contaminated soil (TMx) showed greater growth in height and number of leaves, as well as greater biomass compared to the plants in uncontaminated soil (TM). The TMx treatment showed a significant reduction in glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in the soil af ter 180 days, reaching 100% dissipation of glyphosate. AMPA was detected in the roots of TMx plants. C. comosum plants showed a remarkable ability to adapt to and tolerate soils contaminated with glyphosate and AMPA, utilizing glyphosate-derived compounds as nutrients source and contributing to their degradation in the soil. These results suggest that C. comosum represents a promising alternative for the phytoremediation of glyphosate contaminated soils.

Due to its high salt content and phytotoxic substances, pecan nutshells (Carya illinoensis [Wangenh.] K. Koch) pose an environmental problem when discarded in large quantities. This study aimed to evaluate the use of pecan nutshells in the production of semicomposts for growing jalapeño pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings. The research consisted of three experiments: in the first, the shells from three shelling facilities were characterized based on pH, electrical conductivity, and germination index. In the second experiment, pecan shells were mixed with horse manure to produce semicompost, which was then used as a substrate for jalapeño seedlings in the third experiment. Statistical differences were observed in the salt concentrations and phytotoxic compound content among the shells studied, which were reflected in the germination index. The results showed that the semicomposts produced did not exhibit differences in the evaluated variables, indicating that the semicomposting process effectively neutralized the variations initially observed in the shells from different processing facilities. It was found that using pecan nutshell semicompost, either alone or mixed with peat, produced seedlings that were statistically comparable to the control treatment (peat) in quality parameters such as slenderness and Dickson’s quality index, in three out of the six treatments studied.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are symbiotic associations of soil and plant roots. They are an alternative for biofertilization, biocontrol and bioremediation agents in production systems. The work consisted of morphologically characterizing the richness and efficiency of HMA in different types of vegetation: medium evergreen forest (SMP), agroforestry system (SAF) and milpa system intercropped with fruit trees (MIAF). In each type of vegetation, the roots of forest species of economic interest for the Programa Sembrando Vida (PSV) were obtained. The root samples were transported to the analysis and biotechnology laboratories of TECNM, Escárcega and Chiná campuses, Campeche, subjected to the sieving and decantation method to isolate spores. Three enriched media were used to evaluate the growth of AMF. Efficiency was validated by root growth and its relationship with mycorrhizal nodulation using different methodologies. Four AMF of the order Glomerales obtained from roots of forest species in SMP were characterized [(Astronium graveolens Jacq. (jobillo), Lonchocarpus castilloi Standl. (machiche), Swietenia macrophylla King (mahogany), Manilkara zapota L. (chicozapote) and Pimienta dioica L. (black pepper)]. The growth and reproduction of AMF in the laboratory was better using the Sabouraud enriched medium, which demonstrated significant results when applied in an 80/20 ratio in SAF and MIAF species. Regarding growth and nodulation efficiency in species such as Cedrela odorata L. (red cedar), Caesalpinia platyloba S. Watt (chakté-viga) and Cordia dodecandra A.D.C. (ciricote), and species in fast-growing crops such as Zea mays L. (corn) and Pachyrhizus erosus L. Urban (jicama), they showed significant differences between treatments, according to the one-factor analysis of variance. In conclusion, HMA are a good option as a biofertilizer in fast-growing and forest species, facilitating the absorption and transport of nutrients and water.

The opinions of soil laboratory technicians in the north-central region of the state of Sinaloa were analyzed in an attempt to understand the culture and importance of agricultural practice in this highly agricultural region. The starting point is that this group of specialists believe that the monitoring of soils used for agricultural purposes has not been an issue addressed by producers, impacting the sector’s sustainable outcomes.Using a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive methodology and a 20-item Likert-type survey as a collection technique, topics such as traditional agricultural practices, obstacles to agricultural production, soil quality monitoring, and sustainableagriculture were addressed. The surveys were conducted with a representative population of 71.43% of the sample, in five agricultural soil laboratories, out of a total of seven, located in three municipalities in the proposed area: Guasave, Juan Jose Rios, and Ahome. Our results show evidence that the monitoring of soil quality is a topic understudied by researchers and scarcely applied by farmers. Furthermore, current actions are insuf ficient to achieve significant changes, and specialized technical assistance is lacking. While some young producers engage in this practice, conventional approaches prevail, hindering the sector’s sustainable development.Changes in sector governance are needed to promote awareness and action: training, technical assistance, and agronomic advice; promoting the design and implementation of public policies and programs that facilitate sustainable, resilient, and corrective agronomic practices that aid long-term soil regeneration; and seek to establish agreements and networks between sector governance and private initiatives (laboratories and universities) that support agricultural producers in this important monitoring activity.One limitation to this research was the reluctance of laboratory technicians or laboratory managers to respond to surveys.

One of the most important and widely produced crops in the world is lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), due to its high nutritional value and organoleptic properties. However, the abuse of chemical fertilizers for its production results in soil erosion and aquifers pollution. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the ef fect of organic fertilizers on the post-harvest quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) at 5 °C. A  completely  randomized  experimental  design  was  developed,  involving romainelettuces (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) grown under 3 dif ferent treatments: Chemical fertilizer (FQ); cof fee pulp vermicompost (LC); and sheep manure vermicompost (LHB), with 10 replicates of each treatment. Af ter harvest, the lettuces were stored at 5±1 °C. Selected quality parameters of total soluble solids (TSS), pH, color, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, in vitro antioxidant activity, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were assessed on days 0, 5 and 10 of storage. The results showed that by the end of storage, LC lettuces had the highest luminosity and chromaticity values, as well as total phenolic compounds (0.9 mg EAG g-1), total flavonoids (0.8 mg CE g-1), DPPH antioxidant activity (4.1 uET g-1) and FRAP antioxidant activity (6.9 uET g-1 μTE g-1). LHB lettuces showed the lowest PPO activity. These results show evidence that the use of organic fertilizers, especially cof fee pulp vermicompost, improves the postharvest quality of lettuce and maintains its shelf-life for up to 10 days of storage at 5±1 °C, which can contribute to prevent spoilage and wastes, as well as to substitute the use of inorganic fertilizers, with their detrimental environmental ef fects.

Coastal dunes are dynamic ecosystems and vulnerable to erosion and invasion of species. For their conservation, it is necessary to implement strategies to recover native vegetation and rehabilitate the functioning of degraded areas. The growth and accumulation of biomass in Scaevola plumieri and Sophora tomentosa species native to the coastal dune were evaluated. An experiment was established in a forest nursery with two treatments (Consortium, beneficial microorganisms Fosfonat® and Control). For 90 days, every 15 days (six measurements), stem length, number of leaves, and at  the end of  the experiment, above-ground and underground  biomass were measured and compared between treatments. The number of leaves was dif ferent between treatments af ter 45 days of seedling emergence. While the stem length of S. plumieri dif fers throughout the experiment and in S. tomentosa it dif fers significantly af ter 45 days of the experiment duration. The biomass accumulated in leaves and roots was higher in the seedlings of both species inoculated with the Consortium. Likewise, in this treatment, dif ferences were found in the length of the roots in both species. The results suggest that the application of beneficial microorganisms in the production of coastal dune stabilizing plants can contribute to improving the success of revegetation and ecological restoration programs in environments with limiting conditions for the establishment of plants such as dune soils coastal.