Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

I research the utopian struggle between political realism and human rights humanism in the framework of the asymmetric relationship between indigenous peoples and the Latin American Nation-State, focusing on the Mexican case. At a theoretical level, I argue that utopia is conveyed through reflexive political subjectivity and that contemporary humanism of rights can be traced back to Bartolomé de Las Casas. I interviewed an intentional sample of indigenous leaders committed to the emancipatory cause to verify if, and in what way, the humanistic utopia of government is manifested in their discourse. The analysis shows a clear presence of this utopia and, in particular, the emergence of a new conception of the Social Pact, based on the humanist values of equality, diversity and dialogue between peoples.

Introduction. Natural water should be the main source of fluids, since it serves to hydrate, is harmless and does not provide energy. In Mexico, the Ministry of Health (SS) recommends drinking two liters of water daily to encourage people to build healthy hydration habits and to complement this with fruit and vegetables, which also provide water. Despite its public policy, Mexico has a high consumption of energy drinks which represents an important percentage of energy in the diet of Mexicans. In Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca, nothing has been done to determine what residents’ hydration habits are. Therefore, the objective of this study was to ascertain the hydration habits of the residents living in the center of Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, Oaxaca. Methodology. A stratified sample was randomly selected from the population living in the urban center of Miahuatlán; this sample was asked to sign the informed consent form after which the HENDRICK TEST 2010 instrument was applied. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS version 24 and Excel software. Results. After analysis, the results showed that 90.9% of the population consumes natural water as the main source of hydration. The amount of water consumed by that part of the population is 2.5 glasses per day. 65.5% of the population consumes coffee with sugar. 2.7 glasses of coffee with sugar is consumed daily by this part of the population. Discussion. The conclusion of the study showed a higher consumption of sugary drinks than natural water, possibly causing chronic noncommunicable diseases, weight gain or obesity in the population. 

Introduction. To achieve the highest / the desired levels of quality in health services provided, all departments, whether they perform clinical or non-clinical roles, must work together. The following study will explore both the performance and employee satisfaction regarding resources and working conditions of health workers specifically providing services for patients experiencing high-risk pregnancies or obstetric emergencies. The  study was conducted with healthcare providers in southern Mexico who are primarily serving patients of indigenous backgrounds. Methods.This is an observational, cross-sectional study, conducted during 2017-2018 in medical units affiliated with the Integrated Health Services Networks (IHSN) subsidized by the federal government to serve vulnerable populations in the southern Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas. A multiple choice questionnaire was administered to health personnel working in medical units. The sample of healthcare workers was intentionally nonprobabilistic (n=30 Chiapas, n=31 Oaxaca). The conditions of obstetric healthcare provision were contrasted by assessing differences by state (Fisher’s exact test). Healthcare workers’ satisfaction with the medical organization and resources available for each medical units was also described. Results. The 62.1% of healthcare workers in Chiapas and 58.3% in Oaxaca reported that the quality of care being provided was the best possible with the existing resources and infrastructure. This being said, fewer than half of the participants believe that high-risk pregnancy cases were followed up correctly, or that users were discharged in a timely manner. In response to the satisfaction items on the questionnaire, more than half of the providers marked “not always” satisfied with the resources or organization of their medical facility which are needed in treating high-risk pregnancies or obstetric emergencies. Their responses addressed three main issues: the existing equipment in the units or lack thereof, the maintenance of that equipment, and the availability of medical supplies. Fewer than 10% felt satisfied with these. Conclusions. The opinion of direct healthcare providers is crucial to improving quality in resource-scarce environments in low- and middle-income countries such as Mexico. In particular, it is important to hear from staff who are experiencing low job satisfaction as well as low-resources within the infrastructure of rural hospitals and clinics dedicated to treating high-risk pregnancies and obstetric emergencies. Recognizing and addressing these issues should create a more supportive environment and subsequently avoid other, less adverse health outcomes for the women being treated.

The common psychological interventions of recent years would appear to be inherently related to ethos once we examine them using the idea of self-concept and selfreference. Assuming in consensus that the psychological therapist is not born, but that his authenticity is worked on throughout his professional life, we start by recognizing an unsuccessful difficulty in numerous psychotherapeutic spheres; signified by the heterodox psychotherapeutic praxis subject to treatments of null scientific support. In the case of the clinical psychologist, intervening in the field of mental health requires reformulating his ethos; envisioning a continuous improvement of psycho-health work in the private and public sphere. The formulation of the problem proposes that the term “caging the dodo bird” —in the face of the use and abuse of inefficient psychotherapy models in patients with mental disorders— is useful to understand and work on this ethical-professional problem. Given the turn of epistemological vices and iatrogenic damage revealed by ineffective psychotherapies and pseudopsychotherapies for mental health cases, we value an ethical crisis in the intervention modalities of the clinical psychologist. Crisis that must return to a rereading of the term «psychology» in a fundamental and informed way. For its part, the semantic validity of the aforementioned term suggests a valid and timely assimilation of the scientific nature of psychological knowledge and practice, a formulation that responds in two ways; evidence-based practice (EBP) and evidencebased practice (EBP). We conclude that such a balance of descriptive and normative duality will contribute decisively to assess the effectiveness of clinical psychologist interventions and judge the authenticity of their professional practice, in parallel with the recovery of trust by users of mental health services, for consolidate a psychotherapeutic practice of a scientific nature; by virtue consistent with the nature of psychology as a behavioral science. 

Introduction. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are an ongoing health problem that must continue to be addressed. The objective of this study was to measure how aware and familiar high school students are about sexually transmitted diseases. Methodology. This study was a cross-sectional, descriptive one. A survey was applied to adolescents from a public high school in the city of Queretaro using the online application Google Forms. The data collection tool consisted of 17 questions which evaluated the level of knowledge about STDs. Results. Of those students, 29.9% had a formal partner, whereas 47% of the students showed a lack of interest in having a partner and desire to avoid being given an STD. Although most adolescents are aware of the source of a STD, there are still those who have misconceptions about it. Conclusions. Educating  adolescents about sexually transmitted diseases is an important part of their overall education because this could impact their later sexual health and reproductive health. For this reason, follow-up research using a larger sample of students should be conducted once there is greater access to students.

Those who work on the frontlines of primary health care (PHC) often treat patients with chronic degenerative diseases and along with any comorbidities. The number of cases is expected to increase. Due to this predicted increase, treatment should focus on the prevention of both the pathology and its complications. However, in order for this to happen, health professionals will first require new diagnostic tools. The ankle-brachial index is one such diagnostic tool. The index can be used when dealing with peripheral arterial disease as well as coronary heart disease. Improving and furthering the knowledge and application of the ankle-brachial index should be a priority for both healthcare providers as well as healthcare adminstrators that work in primary health care, as well as the need to include this topic in undergraduate curricula.

La presente investigación tiene por objeto exponer los antecedentes, precedentes, debates y desafíos de la reforma constitucional del 10 de junio de 2011 en México, como un parteaguas en la concepción tradicional de los derechos humanos y la relación con el orden jurídico interno e internacional. Para ello, se utilizaron los métodos deductivo, histórico, exploratorio, lógico-argumentativo, analítico y descriptivo. Entre otros resultados -y también conclusiones-, se coloca a los derechos humanos como punto de articulación jurídica, política y axiológica en el país, con importantes implicaciones en su interpretación, especialmente la realizada por la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación y en la definición de los deberes estatales, quienes tendrán que asumir una postura constructiva para su materialización.

El principal objetivo de investigación es analizar los factores asociados con la incidencia de riñas en los Centros de Readaptación Social Regionales (CERESOS) en México, así como explicar cuáles son las configuraciones de suficiencia para la ocurrencia de estos eventos entre la población penitenciaria desde el Análisis Cualitativo Comparado (QCA por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados derivados del análisis indican que la existencia de actividades ilícitas como privilegios entre los internos, la presencia de objetos y sustancias prohibidas, prostitución e internos que ejercen control sobre el resto de la población, así como la insuficiencia de personal de seguridad y custodia son las condiciones necesarias y de suficiencia para que se susciten riñas al interior de los CERESOS. Estos resultados nos permiten dialogar y contribuir con la teoría de las oportunidades criminales y la teoría de la privación.

Este ensayo sostiene que la criminología abandonó su quehacer antropológico no sólo en su parte física, sino también en la social. La contracara es que esto no debió ser así. El objetivo del estudio es replantear la práctica de la antropología en la criminología. Como método de argumentación y contraste se realizó una exploración del estado del arte sobre investigaciones relacionadas con la antropología criminal, pero también con temas como la antisociabilidad y la violencia. Y se encontró que la antropología criminal se ha inclinado a la parte forense y no tanto así a la perspectiva social de la criminología. Por tanto, proponemos que cambiar la arista desde donde suele valorarse el quehacer antropológico, nos permitiría ejercer de otra forma la criminología, y ésta es desde su quehacer como ciencia de investigación sobre lo social y humano.

El objetivo principal de este artículo es desentrañar, mediante una interpretación consecuencialista, el significado de los efectos políticos a los que se refirió la sentencia del 1 de octubre de 2020 emitida por el Pleno de la Corte Mexicana respecto de la consulta popular propuesta por el Presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador. Como se podrá observar de la sentencia de la Corte, no existe mención alguna de qué debe entenderse por los “efectos políticos”. Sin embargo, dichos efectos pueden ser entendidos en dos sentidos: como un ejercicio de rendición de cuentas o como un mecanismo de legitimación del poder político.