Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Introducción.  El avance de la globalización y el uso indiscriminado de antibióticos han favorecido el desarrollo y la diseminación de bacterias multirresistentes, constituyendo una amenaza creciente para la salud pública global. Entre estos patógenos, Klebsiella pneumoniae se destaca como un patógeno oportunista de alta prevalencia hospitalaria y notable capacidad para adquirir genes de resistencia, particularmente a los carbapenémicos, limitando las opciones terapéuticas disponibles. En este contexto, la fagoterapia surge como una alternativa prometedora frente a infecciones por Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrogoresistente, especialmente en países con recursos limitados donde las alternativas antibióticas son escasas o ineficaces. Objetivo.  Analizar la fagoterapia como alternativa terapéutica para infecciones por Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrogoresistente mediante una revisión de la literatura reciente. Metodología.  Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando términos DeCS/MeSH como “Bacteriophages”, “Phage Therapy” y “Klebsiella pneumoniae”, aplicando filtros para artículos publicados entre 2019 y 2024 en bases de datos como PubMed y Web of Science. Se incluyeron estudios en humanos, revisiones sistemáticas y artículos originales relacionados con el uso de la fagoterapia en infecciones por Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrogoresistente. Resultados. Los estudios destacan la efectividad de fagos como RAM-1 y PSKP16 en la eliminación de biofilms y la lisis de cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae MDR. La combinación de fagoterapia con antibióticos mostró sinergia significativa, reduciendo cargas bacterianas y tasas de mortalidad en modelos preclínicos. Conclusión.  La fagoterapia representa una alternativa viable y prometedora para combatir infecciones por Klebsiella pneumoniae multidrogoresistente. Aunque los avances son alentadores, se requieren más investigaciones clínicas y regulaciones estandarizadas para su implementación amplia. Área de estudio general: Medicina. Área de estudio específica: Microbiología. Tipo de estudio:  Revisión bibliográfica.

Introduction. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a significant threat to public health due to its capacity for dissemination, colonization, and resistance to multiple antibiotics. Its distribution among humans, animals, food, and environment emphasizes the need to address it from a “One Health” approach. Objective. To analyze the epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, including its virulence profile, distribution in different reservoirs, frequency of resistance genes and evaluation of the susceptibility profile. Methodology. A literature review was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and BVS databases, using MeSH terms and Boolean operators, applying the PRISMA method for article selection. Results. Analysis of 26 MRSA-focused studies identified the most prevalent virulence factors as: nuc, hla, hlb, clfA, clfB, coa, ica, and icaD, in addition to enterotoxins seb, sel, seo, and immunomodulatory genes scn, sak, and chp. The highest MRSA prevalence was identified in animal reservoirs (22.8%), followed by human (18.8%), food (7.7%), and environmental samples (4.6%). A high prevalence of the mecA (57.1%) and blaZ (70.7%) genes was observed, whereas the mecC gene was detected at a lower frequency (2.5%). Resistance to cefoxitin, oxacillin, penicillin, and ampicillin was consistently high across all reservoirs. Notably, resistance to vancomycin was detected in animal-derived isolates, representing a significant concern. Nevertheless, linezolid remained highly effective, with negligible resistance observed in the studied reservoirs. Conclusion. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus exhibits a broad range of virulence factors and resistance determinants, with considerable prevalence across multiple reservoirs, highlighting its zoonotic potential and the importance of integrated surveillance within a One Health framework. General Area of Study: Health. Specific area of study: Microbiology. Type of study: Systematic bibliographic review.

Introducción. La presente investigación propone un análisis exhaustivo de las muertes consideradas naturales, mediante el Sistema Gestión de Información Forense (SIGIF) y el Sistema Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (SNMLCF) de la zona 1 y 2 durante el año 2024, con el objetivo de determinar la clasificación de casos que podrían reclasificarse a violentas, como lo señala el Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP), proporcionando así información valiosa para la comunidad en general. Metodología. Se utilizo un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, para el análisis de la base de datos del 2024, se identifica la tasa de reclasificación y los factores asociados. La combinación de los métodos permite brindar una claridad en el abordaje del problema de investigación, considerando además el método analítico. Resultados. En este desafío se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo, cuantitativo y analítico de la base de datos inicial de la DINASED, emitida por el SIGIF y SNMLC 2024, seguido de su análisis riguroso se obtiene la importancia de los resultados de esta investigación, donde existen muertes naturales ingresadas a la morgue, debido a diferentes factores, los cuales son útiles para organizar, fortalecer la reclasificación de la investigación forense, donde me permite contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas de manera más efectivas y segura. Conclusión. Existen factores subyacentes que justifican la intervención forense en base a la orientación del COIP hacia muertes violentas. Por lo mismo, la reclasificación es un factor principal en la investigación, permitió identificar los riesgos de errores y realizar recomendaciones con fin de optimizar los procesos de clasificación de muertes naturales en la morgue, no obstante, la ausencia de documentación clínica válida evidencia la necesidad de reforzar la comunicación entre servicios de salud y fiscalía, para optimizar una mejor gestión forense. Área General de Estudio: Salud. Área específica de estudio: Ciencias Forenses. Tipo de estudio: Artículos originales.

Introduction. Currently, neonatal diarrhea is one of the main causes of mortality in calves in the livestock sector. They present a complicated etiology as they can be caused by viral agents (rotavirus and coronavirus), bacterial agents (E. coli), and parasitic agents (Cryptosporidium). Rotavirus causes a notable impact on cattle morbidity and mortality, especially affecting calves under three weeks of age. It carries significant economic weight due to the high treatment costs, delayed cattle development, and reduced future production. Objective. To provide updated information about risk factors, clinical manifestations, and new therapeutic approaches for the management of rotavirus in calves. Methodology. An investigation was conducted with updated data on clinical manifestations, risk factors, and new therapeutic strategies associated with rotavirus in calves. Forty-two articles in English, Spanish, and Portuguese from the last 5 years for articles and 10 years for books were used. Discussion. The main risk factor influencing rotavirus pathogenesis is the lack of colostrum intake, the age of the calf, and the environment in which the calf is born, presenting characteristic signs of watery and foul-smelling diarrhea, as well as severe dehydration. The main clinical sign presented by calves infected with rotavirus is watery and foul-smelling diarrhea, along with severe dehydration. For this, balanced rehydration with sodium, glucose, and electrolytes should be administered either orally or through an esophageal tube, as this is recommended for calves. Conclusion. The lack and management of colostrum in the first hours of a calf's life is key as a risk factor for rotavirus infection. Colostrum is the key point in the transmission of maternal antibodies that will provide the primary and most important protection against infectious agents. Since there is no adequate treatment for this pathology, treatment must be preventive (use of vaccines in mothers and excellent quality colostrum). Despite this, early and adequate rehydration is ideal to maintain successful homeostasis in affected calves. General Study Area. Veterinary Medicine. Specific Study Area. Veterinary Sciences. Type of Study. Review Article.

Introduction. Tooth extraction due to pulpal, periapical, and periodontal disease is one of the most common procedures in dentistry, with unpredictable scarring and volume loss leading to long-term atrophy of the alveolar bone crest. Using clinical and imaging evaluation of recent Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (RCT) research publications, the Objective was to analyze the application of platelet-rich fibrin in the bone regeneration of post-extraction dental alveoli. Methodology, according to the protocol (PRISMA 2020), this study is a qualitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive documentary. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Embase, and Redalyc were used in this systematic review. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 6.2 (RevMan 6.2), with inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 25 randomized clinical trials published until 2022, which have investigated the use of PRF in bone and soft tissue regeneration in extraction sites. Results of this systematic review in accordance with the heterogeneous findings of clinical research, Conclusions PRF is useful to preserve the post-extraction alveolar ridge, vertical dimensional stability and promote cell proliferation which prevents the decrease of the buccal, lingual or palatal alveolar bone crest, it is worth mentioning that others have not found significant differences due to variations in design or methodology, so additional prolonged standardized research is required. General Area of Study: Dentistry Specific area of study: oral surgery Type of study: Systematic bibliographic review.

Introduction: the presence of Escherichia coli/Coliforms spp. in seafood products, such as tilapia, poses a risk to public health. These bacteria can cause foodborne illnesses, primarily digestive problems. Objective: To determine the presence of Escherichia coli/Coliforms spp. in fresh tilapia sold at the "el Arenal" market in the city of Cuenca. Methodology: the study was conducted at the "El Arenal" market, collecting 32 samples of fresh tilapia. The identification and quantification of E. coli and Coliforms spp. was performed using the Compact Dry EC technique, expressing the results in Colony Forming Units (CFU). Results: CFUs of Escherichia coli and Coliforms spp. were identified in fresh tilapia using Compact Dry EC. The values were compared with INEN 1896 and NTC 5443 standards to evaluate their conformity, demonstrating the presence of these microorganisms in the analyzed samples. Conclusion: the presence of E. coli and Coliforms spp. was determined in tilapia from the "El Arenal" market in Cuenca. The results exceed the limits of the INEN 1896 and NTC 5443 standards, indicating that the samples are not safe for human consumption, highlighting deficiencies in handling and hygiene practices. General Area of Study: Biochemistry and Pharmacy. Specific area of study: food safety. Type of study: Original articles.

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health includes physical, mental, social, and emotional well-being. Oral health influences this balance, as it affects relationships and psychological state, especially through dental appearance. Dissatisfaction with smiling has a negative influence on quality of life. Objectives: The study evaluated the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (CVRSO) in adult patients from the dental clinics of the Catholic University of Cuenca. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, applying the IOPD (Oral Impacts on Daily Performances) instrument to measure the impact of oral health between December 2024 and March 2025. The sample included 280 patients between 18 and 60 years of age, selected by simple random probability sampling. Results: The results showed that the most affected deficiencies were eating and enjoying food, smiling, or laughing, cleaning teeth, and sleeping or relaxing. Sociodemographic factors such as age, educational level, and origin significantly influence CVRSO. In addition, women, and young adults (20 to 40 years old) reported a greater impact on their quality of life due to oral health problems. Conclusions: In conclusion, these findings highlight the need for personalized dental care, considering sociodemographic factors to improve quality of life and reduce the impact of oral health on daily activities and emotional well-being. General area of study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Dentistry. Type of item: original.

Introducción. La Vaginosis Bacteriana Recurrente (VB) es un trastorno común en mujeres en edad reproductiva, caracterizado por un desequilibrio en el microbiota vaginal, con disminución de lactobacilos y aumento de patógenos como Gardnerella vaginalis, que presenta una alta tasa de recurrencia y resistencia a los tratamientos convencionales. La disbiosis vaginal dificulta el tratamiento con antibióticos, lo que ha impulsado la exploración de alternativas terapéuticas como el trasplante de microbiota fecal (TMF).  Objetivo.  Evaluar la efectividad y seguridad del TMF en el tratamiento de la VB recurrente. Metodología.  Análisis de 8 estudios clínicos previos y revisiones sistemáticas a través de la metodología PRISMA. Resultados. El TMF puede ser una opción prometedora para restaurar el equilibrio microbiano vaginal, reduciendo las recurrencias de la enfermedad y mejorando la calidad de vida de las mujeres afectadas. Conclusión.  A pesar de los resultados preliminares positivos, se necesita más investigación para confirmar su efectividad y garantizar su seguridad antes de su implementación generalizada en la práctica clínica. Área de estudio general: Medicina . Área de estudio específica: ginecología y obstetricia. Tipo de estudio:  Artículo de revisión.

Introduction. Technological development has changed various areas, with forensic medicine being one of the most favoured. Recently, imaging and radiology techniques have transformed post-mortem investigation, offering precise and less invasive options than conventional autopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed axial tomography (CAT) have become established as fundamental tools in the evaluation of bodies, allowing detailed images to be obtained without the need for destructive procedures. These innovations have given rise to virtopsy, a methodology that integrates several specialties to improve documentation and analysis in the forensic field. Objective. Analyze the impact of virtopsy as a novel technique in forensic medicine, identifying unobservable lesions and alterations, to support scientific diagnoses within the judicial context. Methodology. This study was conducted as a synthetic analytical research review based on the use of imaging techniques in forensic medicine, analyzing advantages, applications, and progress in judicial fields. Searches were performed in indexed databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed, and the Zotero software was used to manage the bibliographies. Results. A total of 25 articles were reviewed, highlighting relevant topics on virtopsy, which is an effective and complementary alternative to traditional autopsy, allowing a detailed analysis of the body without invasive intervention and facilitating the collection and storage of digital evidence. Conclusion. Virtopsy represents a meaningful change in forensic medicine. Its non-invasive nature, the ability to store digital evidence, and its use on post-mortem bodies as well as living individuals make it an invaluable tool for criminal investigation. With the advancement of this technology, it is likely that virtopsy will become established as the standard method for conducting autopsies in the future. General Area of Study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Forensic medicine. Type of study: Review article.

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is one of the main microorganisms associated with endodontic treatment failures due to its ability to form biofilms, survive in harsh conditions, and exhibit antimicrobial resistance, particularly to vancomycin. In response to this clinical challenge, the Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), composed of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline, has shown promising results due to its synergistic antibacterial activity against persistent bacteria in root canal systems. Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of triple antibiotic, paste against resistant strains of Enterococcus faecalis through an exhaustive review. Methodology: An exhaustive review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 138 scientific articles were identified and analyzed from indexed databases (PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect), using MeSH and DeCS descriptors combined with Boolean operators AND/OR. Results: Most included studies demonstrated that TAP exhibits high antimicrobial effectiveness against E. faecalis, including strains resistant to conventional antibiotics. Both in vitro and vivo investigations revealed a significant reduction in bacterial load and disruption of radicular biofilms, outperforming other intracanal medications such as calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine. Conclusions: Triple antibiotic paste is an effective therapeutic option in regenerative endodontics and retreatment procedures, particularly in persistent infections caused by Enterococcus faecalis. Its rational and standardized use can improve clinical outcomes in complex cases, making it a relevant tool in managing antimicrobial resistance within the root canal system. General area of study: Health Sciences. Specific area: Dentistry. Study type: Literature review.