Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Cap a mitjan segle xix, el Regne Unit va assolir el cim de la industrialització i l’expansió econòmica, alhora que sorgien els primers inconvenients del progrés: les desigualtats socials, l’amuntegament en les ciutats i el malestar estètic com a resultat de les tècniques productives. En aquest context, i en oposició a l’art acadèmic imperant, naixerà la Germandat Prerafaelita, que buscarà en la pintura anterior a Rafael, en les llegendes medievals i en la mirada atenta a la natura, l’autenticitat que considerava perduda. La Germandat comptarà des del principi amb el suport del crític d’art John Ruskin. Els seus escrits sobre una nova ètica econòmica i el valor creatiu i dignificador del treball artesanal arribaran al seu «deixeble» William Morris i al moviment Arts & Crafts.

El 1925 Edwin Hubble va fer el primer pas per expandir en diversos ordres de magnitud la mida de l’univers conegut utilitzant els precaris mètodes fotogràfics disponibles: plaques de vidre amb emulsions fotosensibles. A través del registre de les fluctuacions periòdiques a la brillantor de certes estrelles (cefeides) mitjançant fotografies, Hubble va demostrar que la distància entre Andròmeda i la Terra era molt més gran del que es creia en aquella època. Andròmeda, fins aleshores considerada una nebulosa, devia ser en realitat una altra galàxia molt diferent de la nostra. De sobte, la mida estimada de l’univers va passar de centenars de milers d’anys llum a uns quants milers de milions d’anys llum. Des de llavors, la sinergia entre tecnologia fotogràfica i astronomia no ha deixat d’augmentar.

Les zones de clima hiperàrid, àrid, semiàrid i sec-subhumit («terres seques» si traduïm el vocable dryland o «zones àrides» com ens agrada més anomenar-les) ocupen més del 40 % de la superfície terrestre i són la llar de més de 2.000 milions de persones. En contra de la imatge que es té d’aquest important conjunt de biomes, les zones àrides alberguen el 36 % dels depòsits de carboni, el 30 % de les zones forestals, el 50 % de la ramaderia mundial i el 44 % de les terres de cultiu. Aquestes xifres donen una idea de la seua importància social, econòmica i ecològica –el tema del primer article del monogràfic– i advoquen per la necessitat de conèixer i comprendre el seu funcionament i gestionar les activitats humanes en un clima cada vegada més canviant. Això és clau per a permetre’n el desenvolupament i evitar-ne la desertificació.

Tendim a considerar la bellesa com el producte destil·lat de la nostra educació, la quinta essencia del nostre refinament cultural. A més, sovint destaquem el relativisme de la bellesa. Per aquest motiu, molts troben xocant que la percepció de la bellesa, especialment la bellesa humana, tinga una clara explicació biològica, en gran manera independent de la nostra educació i cultura, i els sorprèn descobrir que les característiques que defineixen la bellesa no només tenen sentit biològic, sinó que a més són universals, comunes a tots els membres de la nostra espècie.

Tot i que Louis Daguerre va imaginar que la seua invenció seria útil sobretot amb finalitats artístiques o per a ús personal (retrats, diaris de viatges, etc.), la veritat és que la fotografia s’ha convertit en una valuosa aliada de la ciència. L’observació i la documentació dels fenòmens naturals és un dels pilars del mètode científic i, en aquest context, la fotografia ofereix una garantia d’objectivitat i d’autenticitat inaccessible amb altres tècniques alternatives. A més, com a eina visual ens permet accedir a fenòmens que no poden ser detectats o processats per l’ull humà. Un llibre sobre l’expressió de les emocions publicat per Charles Darwin fa 150 anys va marcar l’inici de la fotografia científica.

Over the past thirty years and with the rise of the digital society, the process of digital exclusion has become increasingly noticeable and represents a sub-type of social exclusion. Shaping digital competences in the era of the intensive development of the information society requires constant reflection on the effectiveness of such activities. This article looks at what kind of barriers are currently blocking the development of digital competences among older people. Using structured interviews, responses were obtained from 30 respondents in Poland, though the respondents themselves did not belong to the demographic of older people. The respondents identified eight main types of barriers to digital inclusion for older people: 1) Fear of new technologies, 2) No need to use ICT, 3) Self-marginalisation in the information society, 4) The characteristics of new media, 5) Attitude to Life-Long Learning, 6) Physical limitations, 7) Economic determinants, and 8) Infrastructural limitations. The results of the qualitative research provide a fresh look at the process of the formation of digital competence among vulnerable groups within the wider process of digital inclusion. This article is the result of an international project REMEDIS supported in Poland by the National Science Centre - NCN [021/03/Y/HS6/00275].

ABSTRACTObjective: This article intends to address the new Brazilian regulatory environment created by the SOEs Law (Law No. 13,303, of June 30, 2016) which created new corporate governance rules in state-owned enterprises for the election of directors, officers and fiscal council members, with the purpose of protecting the public companies, the mixed joint-stock corporation and its subsidiaries ("state-owned") against any possible (and unfortunately common) political-partisan interference in the appointment of the members of these top-level management positions in the SOEs. The article will also present cases of progress, setbacks, and the future of this new Brazilian legal norm.Methodology: Review of the bibliography and analysis of judicial and administrative precedents involving the application of new corporate governance rules for state-owned enterprises.Results: It is possible to conclude that the new corporate governance rules were created by Law No. 13,303, of June 30, 2016 with the purpose of protecting the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) against any possible (and unfortunately common) political-partisan interference in the appointment of the members of the top-level management positions in the SOEs.Contributions:  From the results found, it is possible to verify: (a) One of the most relevant aspects of the Law No. 13,303, of June 30, 2016 was the creation of academic background, professional experience and professionalization for the top-level management of state-owned enterprises, as usual in the private sector. (b) that the Brazilian Securities and Exchange Commission (CVM) determined the application of the new corporate governance rules for state-owned enterprises; (c) the Judiciary, especially the Federal Supreme Court (STF), can make a relevant contribution if it decides to apply these new rules  of governance corporate in order to mitigate  political-partisan interference in the appointment of the members of these top-level management positions in the state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

Objective: The article seeks to identify what would be the institutional assumptions for the construction of a new development model that is compatible with the normative discourse of the Economic Constitution considering its constitutionally adopted ideology.Methodology: The documentary research followed the substantial analytical method based on the theoretical framework of the "constitutionally adopted ideology", developed by the pioneer of Brazilian Economic Law, Professor Washington Peluso Albino de Souza.Results: It is concluded that the neostructuralist model of missions can be reconciled with the dictates of the Brazilian Economic Constitution, within a new developmental project, considering the ideological plurality of the constitutional text and the alternatives for national development.Contributions: The mission-oriented neostructuralist model presents itself as an effective alternative to the neoliberal austerity model for national development, with a focus on income distribution and social investments, in order to improve the lives of the Brazilian population, being fully compatible with the constitutional dictates of planning, development, productive pluralism and the universalization of human dignity.

His review article arises from the academic meeting of the seminar organization and management of higher education institutions of the doctorate in Educational Sciences of the Metropolitan University of Education, Science and Technology (UMECIT). In its analysis, the conceptual positions of development and organizational culture are exposed from the field of higher education, relevance is made in the relationship with management systems, its importance with social responsibility and the conjugation of three aspects: science , technology, society and their relationship with the productive sector The information collected is given through bibliographic consultation and tracking in electronic journals and repositories. In this way, there is access to research, which provides important elements for the conceptual relationship. The analysis of the information is developed through a signing matrix, which facilitates the interpretation, relationship and theoretical understanding of the documents, within the findings a referential framework is established on the beliefs, values ​​and organizational perceptions of the agents that participate in the actions, and the elements that characterize and direct the culture of the institutions, that is, they enable the transformational capacity and adaptation to the needs of the environment.

The cassava is an important phytogenetic resource in Guyana, where is the fourth nutritional product in order of importance according to the amount of calories that contains, following rice, wheat and corn. It takes part in the Guyanese populations' nutritional plans and is the primary agricultural product of the indigenous communities. The indigenous population depends on the diversity of dishes and beverages such as farinha, casabe, cassareep and piwari which are made from the root of plants both sweet or bitter cassava, the latter being of paramount in guyanese gastronomy. This resource is preserved in the country either in situ, in the Amazonic jungle and other mountain areas; like ex situ, in the germplasm banks of Kairuni and Ebini belonging to the National Institute of Investigation and Agricultural Extension which accounts with 87 accessions. The climate change and the population decline of the indigenous communities endangers the preservation in situ, that is why the National Institute of Investigation and Agriculultural Extension possesses the mission to develop the training activities to create sensibility to the local people to ensure the biological diversity of the Species and the culinary traditions are preserved.