Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Reseña del libro "Sin padre, sin marido y sin Estado. Feministas de las nuevas derechas", de Melina Vázquez y Carolina Spataro (Siglo XXI, 2025).

Introduction: Reconstruction of traumatized limbs involves complex challenges in injuries affecting vascular, bone and soft tissue structures. Free flaps are preferred in severe cases due to their ability to ensure functional and stable coverage through vascularized transplantation. The choice of flap is based on the location, size of the defect and availability of tissue, with options such as fasciocutaneous and helix flaps standing out. In exposed fractures type IIIB and IIIC according to Gustilo Anderson, the use of flaps is crucial to manage vascular compromise and reduce infections, optimizing the function and aesthetics of the limb. Objective: To evaluate the risks and benefits of flap reconstruction in the treatment of traumatic injuries of the lower limbs, through a comparative analysis that considers the severity of the injury and the intrinsic factors of each patient, in order to determine the viability of this technique. Materials and methods: This is a literature review on reconstructive strategies with flaps in traumatic injuries of the lower limbs, based on recent studies (2019-2024) with a high level of evidence. Six articles were analyzed after an exhaustive search in scientific databases using rigorous eligibility and clinical relevance criteria. Results: Locoregional flaps are an effective and versatile option for the reconstruction of traumatized lower limbs, especially in settings with limited resources or patients with comorbidities. Techniques such as the DIEP, Propeller and hemitriceps surae flaps provide reliable coverage, reduce complications and offer good aesthetic and functional results, being a valuable alternative to microsurgical flaps. Conclusions: The use of flaps for lower limb reconstruction is an effective, reliable, and adaptable technique that improves the functional and aesthetic quality of life of patients. The appropriate selection of the technique depends on the characteristics of the defect, the patient's comorbidities, and the experience of the medical team. Although serious complications are not frequent, they should be carefully considered to minimize the risk of reconstruction failure. General area of ​​study: Medicine. Specific area of ​​study: Traumatology. Type of study: Literature review.

Introduction. Ophidian accidents are a health problem that affects 5.4 million people a year. They are more frequent in the Latin American region, especially in tropical and subtropical areas with elevated levels of biodiversity, such as Ecuador, which has around 240 ophidian species, 15% of which are poisonous. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of antiphonic sera available in Ecuador for the treatment of snakebites, considering the diversity of venomous snake species in the country. Methodology. A literature review was carried out, based on the analysis of selected studies using inclusion and exclusion criteria, published since 2019, in scientific sources such as: PubMed, Google Scholar, Medigraphic, Medline, Elsevier, Scopus, Scielo, Dialnet, among others, and official pages of the World Health Organization, Pan American Health Organization and Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador. Results. A total of 7090 cases were reported in Ecuador between 2019 and 2023, with prevalence in the provinces of Manabí, Morona Santiago, and Orellana. The most frequent accidents are caused by snakes of the family viperadae, such as: bothrops atrox or equis del oriente, bothrops asper (equis) and bothrops b. atrox (pitalala). For the treatment of bites, the polyspecific antiophidic sera SAO-B and SAO-C imported from Costa Rica, Mexico and Brazil are used. Conclusion. The efficacy of antiophidic sera in Ecuador is approximately 70%, their range is reduced because they are not developed with local snake toxins, which require the administration of high doses. Side effects are associated with anaphylactic conditions and serum sickness. In addition, no evidence was found pointing to the antivenom as a cause of severe complications. General area of study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Tropical medicine. Type of study: Bibliographic review.

Introduction. In recent years, forensic genetics has become key evidence in multiple criminal and civil proceedings. With the ability to confirm or eliminate a suspect, as well as to determine family relationships, for the criminal and civil process, a new and valuable means of solving crimes. It is an essential technique that is added to those that have been used until now. In the criminal field, it allows analyzing criminal strategies and identifying those responsible, improving judicial and police management of different legal matters. Objective. Analyze the importance of genetic profiles in people deprived of liberty by taking oral swab samples to apply in criminal and judicial investigations and identification of corpses. Methodology. The research was characterized by being a bibliographic review with a descriptive approach, documentary and non-experimental design, cross-sectional cohort with a retrospective approach. To carry out this review, digital articles were accessed through various databases such as Medline, Scopus. 30 scientific articles were reviewed and 15 articles were selected through the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. The studies analyzed demonstrate the proven practical usefulness of the highly effective study of the genetic profile in people deprived of liberty in penitentiary centers. Conclusion. The inclusion of identifying genetic data of people involved in a criminal act, search for missing persons and prison riots is very useful and important. General study area: Criminalistics and Forensic Sciences. Specific area of study: Forensic genetics. Type of study: Literature review articles

Introduction. Humanized childbirth in Ecuador focuses on respecting the cultural practices of diverse communities, guaranteeing the right of women to decide how to experience their childbirth process, integrating their customs and beliefs onto public health system. Objective. To describe the practice of intercultural humanized birth in the health system in Ecuador in recent years. Methodology. Descriptive qualitative systematic research based on a detailed review using the PRISMA method, of studies obtained from the following databases: Pub Med, Scopus, Google Academic, Scielo, among others, including studies published in Spanish and Portuguese conducted Ecuador. Results. The results are organized into two main axes (1) Access to cultural practices, which focus on analyzing the most frequent cultural practices used in the health system, (2) Effects and experiences on maternal and neonatal health, which focused on the security that the mother has when choosing how to carry out her birthing process. Conclusion. The findings underline the importance of strengthening the decision to give birth in free position while respecting their beliefs and customs. General Area of Study: Medicine. Specific area of study: Gineco-Obstetricia. Type of study: Bibliography Review.

Introduction. The prevalence of the phenomenon of the appearance of pink teeth, demonstrating as a potentially relevant thanatological finding in the forensic process, characterized by presenting a reddish color change due to the blood staining of its pulp that is given by hemoglobin, existing in the blood cells that begin to disarticulate and develop deoxyhemoglobin, appearing in the body with a red to purple color, specifically in the teeth after death. Objective. To know the prevalence of the post-mortem pink tooth phenomenon in forensic odontology due to unnatural deaths. Methodology. Descriptive bibliographic research, scientific articles related to the topic from the last 5 years. Results and discussion. Information has been selected in relation to the pink tooth phenomenon, demonstrating the histological changes that the dental pulp undergoes post-mortem, identifying the main associated factors and the technique that allows the study of this phenomenon to be identified, considering it an essential element in the forensic context. Conclusion. A direct relationship between the postmortem pink tooth and the cause of death is not established, since scientifically it cannot be attributed to this phenomenon. General area of ​​study: Dentistry. Specific area of ​​study: Forensic odontology. Type of study: Literature review.

Introduction. The figure of the main caregiver for people with motor disabilities is vital, not only for the direct assistance provided, but also for the role they play in the general well-being of the person with this condition. Aim. To analyze the psychosocial factors of the main caregiver of people with motor disabilities. Methodology. This investigative work will be developed by applying the observational, descriptive, non-experimental methodology, through a documentary review, of high-impact scientific documents. Results. Some similarities were found regarding the psychosocial burden experienced by caregivers of people with various disabling conditions or chronic illnesses. A consistent finding is the elevated level of stress and emotional exhaustion among primary caregivers. Conclusion. synthesize and efficiently organize the existing scientific evidence in relation to the psychosocial factors of the main caregiver of people with motor disabilities, from a comprehensive vision. General study area: Health Specific study area. Public Health Type of study: Original article.

Introduction.  The human capability to perceive and interpret sound is given by a set of structures such as the ear, the brainstem and the brain. Hearing loss following craniocerebral trauma, with the middle ear or cochlea being the most affected, often goes unnoticed; primary audiological deficit does not only appear as a result of direct trauma to the inner or middle ear, as occurs in skull base fractures or tears of the central neural pathways. In the case of early secondary injury, there is an increase in intracranial pressure in response to hematomas, hemorrhages or diffuse axonal degeneration. The incidence of post-traumatic hearing loss occurs in approximately 5-10% of cases of hearing loss, the age group most affected are young people, especially those who practice sports or participate in risky activities, in addition, workers exposed to very loud noises and physical injuries. Objective.  To analyze the impact of cranial trauma on the auditory system and its relationship with hearing loss determined by diagnostic tools and early intervention. Methodology. Original studies, clinical investigations, meta-analyses published during the five years (2020-2024) with emphasis on the diagnosis and management of hearing loss due to head trauma are included. Results.  Cranioencephalic trauma (TBI) has significant effects on hearing, which is evidenced in several studies. On one hand, in mice it shows that repetitive mild TBI can cause early neuronal damage although it does not directly affect hair cells, but causes degeneration of the spiral ganglion. An accurate evaluation of hearing loss and exposure history are essential for successful treatment of hearing loss after TBI. Studies agree that early intervention is vital to prevent progression to chronic deafness. As research progresses, the integration of objective diagnostic methods, such as DpOAE, along with an understanding of the context of trauma, may significantly improve treatment outcomes in patients with post-TBI hearing loss. Conclusion.  Cranioencephalic trauma (TBI) has significant effects on hearing, which is evidenced in several studies. On one hand, in mice it shows that repetitive mild TBI can cause early neuronal damage although it does not directly affect hair cells, but causes degeneration of the spiral ganglion. An accurate evaluation of hearing loss and exposure history are essential for successful treatment of hearing loss after TBI. Studies agree that early intervention is vital to prevent progression to chronic deafness. As research progresses, the integration of objective diagnostic methods, such as DpOAE, along with an understanding of the context of trauma, may significantly improve treatment outcomes in patients with post-TBI hearing loss.

Introduction. The resinous materials currently printed in Dentistry are becoming more popular in the field of prosthodontics, they contain organic and inorganic fillers nano and microhybrid ceramics including silanized zirconium; this allows them to have an elevated level of fracture and flexural resistance. Its elaboration is indirect in a 3D printer, after elaboration of an exocad design where plural fixed prostheses of up to 3 units, veneers, inlays can be planned. In this way, 3D composites offer an efficient and durable alternative for various applications in restorative dentistry. Objective. To evaluate and compare the roughness and shore D hardness of Prizma Bio-Crown 3D resin at different polymerization times. Methodology. Experimental in vitro, 100 evaluate samples of nano hybrid resin (Prizma bio crown) were performed. The samples were made with 3D printing (LCD) with dimensions of 12 mm high by 6 mm wide, each sample block was subjected to a polishing protocol that includes the use of silicone discs, goat hair and felt, accompanied by two polishing pastes: DURA Polishing and Superpolishing. Polishing was done for 20 seconds at each step, using an electric motor at different speeds (10,000 rpm, 5,000 rpm, and 4,000 rpm, respectively). Results. The study reveals a significant variability in roughness levels between the diverse groups of samples, indicating substantial variations in manufacturing, finishing and polishing conditions. Using a detailed measurement scale, we evaluated the average roughness (Ra) on four sides of the samples for each group, revealing distinctive patterns based on treatment time and the finishing and polishing technique employed. These results suggest that the optimization of these parameters is crucial to obtain restorations with high-quality Prizma Bio Crown resin, with smooth, aesthetic and wear-resistant surfaces. Conclusion. The processes of pre-printing, post-printing, polymerization time and polishing protocol were identified as determining factors in the physical properties of the material, especially in its roughness and Shore D hardness. These findings provide a guide to standardize these parameters and improve both aesthetics and functionality in the processing of 3D printed Bio Crown resin in the dental field. General area of study: Dentistry. Specific area of study: Oral Rehabilitation. Type of study: Original article.

Introduction. Infertility is a relatively common condition in the general population, affecting up to 15% of couples worldwide. Currently, the procedures and interventions used to assist reproduction are not fully capable of achieving a complete success rate, generating significant controversy regarding the use of IVF and/or ICSI. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as treatments for infertility, considering the probable cause. This includes analyzing the fundamental mechanisms of each technique, their advantages, disadvantages, and the most suitable therapeutic options according to the characteristics of each couple. Methodology. A search was conducted in scientific databases, selecting articles based on reliability, validity, and clinical relevance, prioritizing publications in English and Spanish from the last five years. Fifteen high-evidence articles that met the established criteria were selected. Results. In vitro fertilization showed some degree of superiority over ICSI regarding fertilization rates; however, ICSI resulted in a higher rate of high-quality embryos, although the difference was not statistically significant. Ultimately, it was determined that the live birth rate is indirectly proportional to maternal age, regardless of the procedure performed. Conclusion. In vitro fertilization has become the preferred assisted reproductive technique for various conditions such as unexplained infertility, endometriosis, and ovarian and male factors. On the other hand, ICSI is reserved for specific cases of male infertility despite its higher level of intervention. Each approach has its own indications and considerations, emphasizing the importance of careful selection based on individual diagnosis.