Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v9i16.0603 Gamification has proven to be an effective strategy for transforming traditional learning into more motivating and interactive experiences, especially in complex areas such as mathematics. This study aimed to analyze the initial state of motivation, participation, and attention among fourth-grade students at “Inmaculada Stella Maris” School towards mathematics learning. Subsequently, a proposal based on gamified activities was designed to address the needs identified in this context. The mixed-method approach included the application of surveys, observation sheets, interviews, and the Toulouse Test to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Initial results revealed low levels of interest and participation in traditional activities, along with moderate attention levels according to the Toulouse Test. Additionally, the teacher emphasized the limitations of conventional methodologies and highlighted the need for innovative pedagogical strategies. Based on this diagnosis, a proposal for gamified activities was designed and validated by experts. These activities were recognized for their ability to enhance motivation, sustained attention, and academic performance among students. The proposal is presented as a practical tool to foster active learning, strengthen classroom collaboration, and overcome the barriers of traditional teaching methods in mathematics education. Keywords: gamification, mathematics learning, motivation, primary education, pedagogical strategies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/yc.v9i16.0602 This paper analyses pedagogical approaches and methodologies aimed at optimising foreign language learning in school contexts. It emphasises the importance of implementing teaching strategies that respond to the individual needs of students, fostering both the development of linguistic competences and the motivation to learn. Among the strategies discussed, techniques based on interactive communication, the use of educational technologies, and playful approaches that integrate dynamics such as games and cultural activities stand out. The article underlines the relevance of creating an inclusive learning environment that allows for the active participation of students and stimulates their confidence in using the language in real situations. It argues that the continuous training of teachers in innovative methodologies is essential to meet the challenges of teaching a foreign language in the school context. In this sense, the implementation of teacher training programmes is proposed, which include formative assessment tools and strategies to personalise the teaching process. The study concludes that the integration of these strategies can significantly improve academic results and contribute to the comprehensive development of students, preparing them to interact in a globalized world. It also highlights the need to continue researching the effectiveness of these practices in different educational contexts. Keywords: Teaching strategies, Foreign language, School learning.

Legal education in Latin America, and particularly in Peru, remains largely rooted in a traditional model based on lecture-based teaching, unidirectionaltransmission of knowledge, and memorization-based assessment. This study aims to propose a transformative university-level educational model for legaltraining, grounded in ethical, digital, and interdisciplinary principles, in response to the pedagogical, technological, and social challenges of the 21st century. The research follows a qualitative, reflective, and propositive methodology, based on the systematic analysis of nine academic essays written within the framework of a master’s program in Education. These essays address themes such as complex thinking, educational inclusion, formative assessment, professional ethics, pedagogical mediation, competency-based curriculum, and digital literacy. Additionally, empirical support was drawn from a survey administered to law students (n = 34), which served to triangulate the reflective findings with students’ perceptions regarding the predominant teaching methodologies and their formative value. The proposed model identifies five integrated pillars: the teacher as an ethical mediator of learning; authentic and formative assessment as a strategy for continuous improvement; inclusive curriculum design based on Universal Design for Learning (UDL), with emphasis on sensory accessibility; digital literacy with responsible integration of technology and artificial intelligence; and complex thinking applied to interdisciplinarylegal education. The findings indicate that consistent implementation of these components can overcome the limitations of the traditional lecture model,foster participatory pedagogical practices, and promote legal education aimed at justice, equity, and critical citizenship. The study concludes that transforming the teaching of law requires a redefinition of the very role of the university—conceived not as a hierarchical transmitter of legal knowledge, but as a space for collective, ethical, and situated construction of knowledge, where pedagogical commitment, technological innovation, and democratic responsibility converge.

University dropout remains a persistent challenge in Latin America, particularly in Peru, where various structural and personal factors hinder student retention. This article aims to identify and rank the causes of university dropout at University Ricardo Palma, contrasting them with findings reported in Peruvian and Latin American studies. A qualitative-documentary methodology was applied through content analysis of multiple sources, includingacademic literature and institutional documents (SUNEDU, SINEACE, PROCALIDAD). Three levels of analysis were integrated: textual assertions with direct citations, a hierarchical ranking based on discursive emphasis, and thematic frequency of cause appearance. Among the most relevant findings is the predominance of economic factors (financial constraints and the need to work), academic factors (low performance and vocational disorientation), and institutional factors (weak tutoring and poor connectivity). For example, according to SUNEDU (2021), 28% of students living in poverty drop out within the first two academic terms. At University Ricardo Palma, 40% of dropouts belong to socioeconomic level D, confirming this structural trend. The triangulation of sources validates the existence of shared patterns across national, regional, and institutional contexts. The study concludes that dropout is multi-causal, with a predominance of factors external to the immediate academic environment, requiring coordinated interventions through public policy and university management.

The purpose of the research was to conduct a comprehensive comparative analysis between Incoterms® 2010 and 2020 rules, evaluating their impacton global supply chain management. The study was developed through a documentary and bibliographic approach, using a comparative-analyticalmethodology. The main modifications introduced in the 2020 version were examined, including changes to DPU (Delivered at Place Unloaded) rules,updates to insurance for CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To), and new transportation security considerations. The results revealed that the modificationsimplemented in Incoterms® 2020 directly respond to current international trade needs, providing greater clarity in the transfer of risks, costs, and responsibilities. It was identified that the DPU rule offers greater operational flexibility compared to the previous DAT, while changes in CIP improve insurance coverage in high-value transactions. The analysis included practical application cases demonstrating the economic impact of appropriate commercial terms selection. The conclusions suggest that the adoption of Incoterms® 2020 can significantly optimize efficiency in the global supply chain, reducing commercial disputes and improving predictability in international logistics operations.

The main objective of this research was to analyze the phenomenon of exponential companies and their impact on the business world in Latin America,Peru, and the world. This analysis was conducted through a bibliographic and documentary review, applying a systematic review. The PRISMA diagramwas also used to select the number of chosen studies necessary for this study, and to analyze case studies of some recognized exponential companies.The inclusion criteria were books, reports, and relevant articles published between 2013 and 2024, with priority given to Spanish, English, andPortuguese. Results: It was possible to identify that exponential companies are based on Salim Ismail’s theory. This theoretical model represents a newbusiness paradigm, leveraging new accelerator technologies that generate great impact. The findings reveal that these organizations, characterized bytheir Massive Transformational Purpose (MTP) and the SCALE and IDEAS attributes, are redefining entire industries in significantly shorter periods oftime than traditional companies. Evidence was found suggesting that the implementation of this model can exponentially increase scalability, reduceoperating costs and generate sustainable competitive advantages.

The Port of Chancay represents a paradigmatic transformation in Peruvian and Latin American port infrastructure. This article presents a systematic reviewon the development, characteristics and projections of the Port of Chancay as a regional logistics hub. The methodology employed consisted of a documentary review and comparative analysis of primary and secondary sources, including official reports, port statistics and technical studies. The results reveal that the port, with an investment of USD 3 billion, will have an initial capacity of 1 million TEUs per year, expandable to 2.4 million. The comparative analysis shows significant competitive advantages in depth (17 meters), automated technology and strategic location. It is concluded that the Port of Chancay will transform the dynamics of transpacific trade, positioning Peru as a logistics gateway between Asia and South America, although it faces challenges in multimodal integration and development of complementary logistics zones.

Editorial outlining PAIDEIA XXI’s direction for [year]: focus on growth, editorial quality/APA 7th, and an open call to international graduate communities.

Radiofrequency is a non-invasive therapy used in physical therapy. This study aimed to analyze and synthesize the scientific literature on considerations before its use in sports rehabilitation, to establish guidelines for safe and effective application. Physiological aspects, benefits, risks, and criteria for use were addressed. A qualitative, non-experimental methodology with an inductive-deductive approach, a descriptive level, and a narrative design was used. The information was collected through a reflexive and documentary analysis of databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Descriptors included “radiofrequency” and “sports physical therapy”. It is concluded that expert technical monitoring is imperative to allow for the customization of frequency, power, and duration parameters. The ethical and safe application of this modality requires a solid educational foundation, the support of specialized collaborators, scientific evidence, and clinical judgment that unconditionally prioritizes the athlete’s health over pre-established guidelines. Consequently, radiofrequency emerges as a valuable resource when administered with expertise, caution, and a patient-centered approach, thus ensuring responsible practice that safeguards the integrity and benefit of the athlete.

This study analyzes the Voluntary Carbon Market as a means of raising financial resources for medium-sized livestock farmers in Coronel Bogado, Itapúa, during 2023. The objective of the research was to analyze the viability of the Voluntary Carbon Market as a mechanism for generating financial resources to improve the economic sustainability of medium-sized agricultural and livestock producers in the region. To this end, field research was conducted using a quantitative and descriptive-explanatory approach. Structured surveys were applied, including closed questions and one open-ended question processed quantitatively. The study determined that producers have a low capacity to implement these practices due to a lack of knowledge about carbon credit generation mechanisms. The implementation of training policies that promote effective participation in this market is recommended.