Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0383 ABSTRACT This research was conducted at a private educational institution in Ecuador to analyze the impact of school gardens as a pedagogical strategy to strengthen the socio-emotional development of first-year elementary school students. The identified problem lies in the limited incorporation of experiential and affective methodologies in the initial stages of education, which hinders the comprehensive development of emotional and social skills in childhood. The overall objective was to analyze how the implementation of a school garden impacts emotional expression, social interaction, self-esteem, and ecological awareness in children aged five and six. A qualitative-descriptive methodology was used based on participant observation, emotional diaries, and focus groups with teachers. The results showed progressive improvement in emotional regulation, peer cooperation, and a sense of belonging to the garden space. Emerging leadership and spontaneous inclusion were also observed. The conclusions highlight that the school garden is not only an environmental resource but also a comprehensive educational tool that enhances experiential learning, empathy, and the development of conscious citizens from childhood. Keywords: socio-emotional development, early childhood education, school garden, experiential learning.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0390 ABSTRACT Internal control in the area of human talent is essential for the effectiveness and transparency in the management and administration of health institutions. This research analyzes the adherence to the internal control regulations 407-05 in the Jipijapa Basic Hospital, detecting strengths and weaknesses in its implementation. The main objective of the research is to analyze the level of compliance with this regulation in the procedures for selection, hiring, supervision and evaluation of personnel. The methodology used is quantitative and qualitative, structured interviews were applied to employees in the human resources sector and surveys to administrative personnel. In addition, a documentary review of the processes established in the entity was carried out. This amounts to a number of 5 people who provide the necessary information. Likewise, the deductive method was used to promote compliance with the principles and requirements of the regulation, allowing real data to be obtained. The results indicate that despite the fact that some internal control systems have been implemented, deficiencies persist in the supervision and execution of procedures, which could cause inconsistencies in the management of human talent. The need to increase staff training in control regulations and optimize internal surveillance systems was demonstrated. It was concluded that the Jipijapa Basic Hospital needs to consolidate compliance with standard 407-05 through the implementation of more effective control strategies, promoting clearer and more efficient administration in the area of human talent. Keywords: human talent, administrative management, supervision, compliance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0343 ABSTRACT This study, one of the most in-depth, explores the reinstatement of police officers in Ecuador, dismissed for administrative matters. The heart of the study is how officers, fired for serious misconduct or criminal trials, manage to return to the institution, questioning the validity of the disciplinary system and the honesty of judicial administration. Adopting a qualitative approach, the research uses a detailed analysis of documents and ruling. Key laws were examined, such as the Constitution and the Organic Code of Citizen Security and Public Order Entities (COESCOP), as well as court rulings they ordered ten members. This analysis revealed the legal arguments and repeated errors in due process, reasons for judicial decisions. The findings indicate that failure to comply with due process, such as unreasonable decisions, restrictions on the right to defense, and late notices, are the main causes of readmissions. Keywords: Administrative matters, serious misconduct, judicial administration, rulings, errors, restriction, readmissions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0399 ABSTRACT Technological innovation in service SMEs fosters sustainability and organizational resilience. By adopting emerging technologies, these companies can reduce costs, minimize human errors and access larger markets, even internationally. The main objective of this study was to examine the importance of technological innovation and its adoption in service SMEs in Rocafuerte canton. Among the materials and methods applied in the research were considered a quantitative approach, with a deductive, descriptive and bibliographic type of research. As a sample, 92 users of the service SMEs of Rocafuerte county were surveyed to determine their opinions. In general, it was determined that technological innovation plays a crucial role in strengthening the competitiveness and sustainability of service SMEs in Rocafuerte canton by enabling them to improve their operational efficiency, the quality of their products or services, and their capacity to adapt to a dynamic environment. However, its adoption faces significant barriers, such as lack of resources, technological infrastructure and specialized knowledge. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, business, technological innovation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/rc.v8i16.0381 ABSTRACT Cybersecurity and data protection are fundamental pillars of today's digital ecosystem. This article presents a systematic literature review using the Prisma (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, with the aim of identifying the main trends, threats, and defense mechanisms in the field of cybersecurity and data protection. Forty-two scientific articles indexed in databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and SpringerLink between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed. The results show significant growth in research on ransomware attacks and biometric authentication systems. This review provides an updated overview and identifies gaps in the literature for future research. Keywords: Cybersecurity, Data Protection, Prisma, Computer Security.

The interaction between Big Data and network effects within the framework of ancillary payment systems (APS) can act as barriers to entry and thus limit the entry of new players into the market, thereby consolidating the dominance of incumbents and distorting effective competition. The research suggests that public policy must respond effectively to the unique challenges of the digital economy, thus specific adaptations are proposed to ensure that markets remain dynamic and fair. Therefore, it is desirable that Ecuador's competition policy framework promote interoperability and portability between payment accounts, as well as reduced switching costs for user migration between platforms and an open finance architecture through the use of APIs to counter structural barriers and protect technological innovation without harming economic welfare and free competition.

Civil liability seeks the compensation of the victim for the damages suffered. This reparation, both in the case of pecuniary and non-pecuniary damages, has been reduced to a pecuniary compensation. This article focuses on the reparation of nonpecuniary damages, and argues that, depending on the legal asset affected in each case, these damages can be compensated through measures that will not necessarily have a pecuniary nature. On the other hand, this paper considers that pecuniary compensation is an ideal reparation when it is not possible to place the victim in the previous state to the damage. In order to achieve adequate compensation in these cases, this article addresses the different criteria that determine the compensation quantum in cases of extra-patrimonial damage and proposes some solutions applicable to the Ecuadorian legal system.

In this paper, the issue of economic compensation in crimes against life is analyzed, particularly focusing on how the lack of standards affects the determination of adequate comprehensive reparation. The objective of this research is to examine the scope of economic compensation within the Ecuadorian legal system and propose criteria to improve its quantification. This work explores the need to guarantee adequate compensation for those who have lost a loved one and face a system lacking clear guidelines. A deductive methodology is employed, beginning with fundamental concepts of comprehensive reparation and damage, and subsequently identifying the limitations within the current system. The conclusion underscores the importance of the Ecuadorian regulatory system incorporating criteria to enable judges to set appropriate economic compensation that meets the needs of victims.

Ecuadorian law establishes certain requirements to manifest the consent to arbitrate. There is a discussion on the nature of these requirements: are they ad probationem or ad solemnitatem? The importance of this discussion lies in the fact that the possibility of the tacit extension of the arbitral tribunal's jurisdiction depends on the nature of these requirements.  The extension of jurisdiction consists of granting jurisdiction to a tribunal that in principle does not have it. In this sense, the possibility of a tacit extension of the arbitral tribunal's jurisdiction must be analyzed taking into consideration the requirements for the manifestation of the consent to arbitrate. This article analyzes the possibility of extending the jurisdiction of an arbitral tribunal in the Ecuadorian legal system taking into consideration the requirements and the standard for manifesting the willingness to arbitrate, the different types of competences and the possibility of reviewing the jurisdiction ex officio.

This academic article addresses the action for annulment of arbitral awards in relation to causal d) of Article 31 of the Arbitration and Mediation Law of Ecuador, specifically in its first provision. This causal refers to "issues not submitted to arbitration" and has generated controversy due to the lack of clarity regarding its scope in both legal doctrine and jurisprudence. Some consider that it allows for the review of the arbitral tribunal's jurisdiction, while others interpret it as a causal limited to defects of inconsistency. The discussion is further complicated by the disparity of rulings issued by the President of the Provincial Court of Pichincha between 2017 and 2024, which has led to a lack of homogenization in the decisions. This situation highlights the need for a more precise analysis of the scope of the causal in question, in order to provide greater legal certainty in arbitration processes in Ecuador