Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre el Desempeño Docente y el Clima Social Escolar en una Institución Educativa de Nivel Secundaria en el distrito en San Martín de Porres, Lima. La metodología fue de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo aplicada y de diseño descriptivo correlacional, la muestra incluyó a 83 estudiantes de tercero a quinto grado, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta con un cuestionario de preguntas tipo Likert. Para la construcción, validación y confiabilidad de los instrumentos se consideró la validez de contenido mediante juicio de expertos. Los datos se procesaron usando el coeficiente de correlación de Rho de Spearman. Los resultados mostraron que el desempeño docente el 58,7% de bueno, 26,1% de Eficiente y 15,2% y en cuanto al clima social escolar el 89,1% siendo evaluadas en relación a las dimensiones de Planificación curricular, estrategias metodológicas, medios y materiales, evaluación y personalidad refirió que es favorable y el 10,9% que es regular, el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman fue de 0,360 con una significancia de 0,001 (p<0,05) rechazándose la hipótesis nula. En la conclusión se afirma que existe relación positiva baja entre el desempeño docente y el clima social escolar en la Institución educativa de nivel secundaria.

The objective of this article is to analyze the extent to which the province of Carchi meets the conditions for the implementation of the circular economy, providing a broad perspective on the possibilities it offers. The analysis is based on the diagnosis of the circular economy in that province, carried out in the ongoing research by Urgilés and Urresta (2024). The theoretical framework is based on the circular economy paradigm, which proposes a closed-loop production cycle in contrast to the traditional "take-make-dispose" model, and includes principles of regenerative design and sustainability, promoting the reuse, recycling, and remanufacturing of materials. The research adopted a non-experimental design with a quantitative approach and a descriptive-cross-sectional type. The study population included 67,966 companies from the province of Carchi, focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Probabilistic random sampling was used, resulting in a sample of 359 organizations. The main technique was a survey, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.789, indicating high reliability. Among the results, it was identified that 68.2% of the companies keep a record of the materials consumed, while 54.9% have a waste management system. However, only 44.3% conduct periodic evaluations of material and waste flows. The availability of adequate technologies and processes scored nearly neutral (39.0%), and the capacity for adaptation and flexibility was 23%. The analysis concludes that the province of Carchi shows moderate potential for implementing the circular economy, with a condition compliance index of 26.05%. Among the conclusions, it is noteworthy that the study identified the main factors currently influencing the implementation of the circular economy as the widespread lack of awareness in the business sector regarding existing environmental regulations and current models of waste and emissions management resulting from the production process. This is compounded by the limited capacity for adaptation and rigidity of companies, which hinders the industrial-level technification of circular economy processes.

In Ecuador, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) comprise the largest sector within the country's economy, an aspect that represents great opportunities and challenges for the planning, development, application, and evaluation of innovative strategies that point towards sustainability. In this context, this article aims to define those Circular Economy (CE) strategies that are most likely to be incorporated into the production process of Ecuadorian SMEs in the current context. Through a systematic review of literature with a qualitative approach by keywords in high impact digital indexed databases, 20 documents were chosen that address various case studies within the national context, and with a maximum age of five years, which underwent a rigorous bibliometric analysis. These CE strategies were classified into public policies and financing, sustainable production, waste management, and responsible consumption for analysis. At this point, the main advantages were specified, in addition to the limitations that this sector still faces. Through this process, it is concluded that the CE includes strategies that can easily be incorporated into SMEs; however, a high level of commitment is required among all the actors involved.

The research aims to evaluate the competitiveness of the tourism sector in Riobamba, identifying the factors that influence the performance of local companies. In the methodology, analytical and descriptive approaches are used, using surveys and bibliographic sources to collect information about hotels, bars and restaurants. The results indicate that the quality of services and infrastructure are essential to attract tourists, although challenges are identified in the current offer. In the discussion, the implications of these findings for the sustainable development of tourism in the region are analyzed. It was concluded that the accommodation and bars sector shows a satisfactory level of competitiveness, while restaurants are affected by the environment, which reduces their ability to operate effectively in the market.

The objective of the study was to identify and analyze the best scientific evidence available on the importance and impact of Latin American University Social Responsibility (SR) on its interest groups and the social environment. To comply with this, the EBSCO, PROQUEST and SCOPUS databases were consulted, restricting the search to the Spanish language, to the period 2018-2023 and to the Latin American area; identifying 20 articles that have a greater relationship with the title and objective of this study. Subsequently, the importance and impact of RSU in the selected articles was analyzed and characterized; to finally establish as a general conclusion that University Social Responsibility (RSU) is essential for higher education, since it integrates ethics in the training of professionals and contributes to sustainable development. By incorporating RSU into their management and curriculum, universities improve educational quality, foster an inclusive environment and strengthen the trust of stakeholders. This not only increases student satisfaction but also positions institutions as agents of positive change in society, promoting a responsible organizational culture committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The public dynamic regarding the formation of the organic structure of the Ecuadorian State is in constant change and, above all, in permanent adaptation to the needs of the population.  The objective of the research is to analyze in a panoramic way the composition of the State in the year 2022, for which a cross-sectional descriptive study which is based on qualitative-quantitative documentary research and is applied to all public institutions corresponding to the four main government sectors.  After the respective collection and processing of information, 2,007 institutions were identified that are distributed as follows: Decentralized Autonomous Regime that groups 53%; legal entities created by regulatory act of the Decentralized Autonomous Governments that concentrate 35.5%; organizations and entities created for the constitution and the law that represent 6.2% and, finally, the State functions that bring together 5.2%  As can be seen, the decentralized autonomous component represents the largest conglomerate, which is consistent with the number of regions and provinces of the country.

This paper tries to update estimations of cigarette demand in Panama after the application of numerous measures targeted at reducing consumption following a similar methodology to studies found in the reviewed literature. The research design is observational, with annual aggregate data between 2015 and 2022, during which there hasn’t been further changes in the restrictive measures for demand, obtained from several national and international secondary sources. The analysis is made through a linear regression model, where cigarette consumption is related to variables of price, income and education. The magnitudes of the coefficients were different from those found in most of the literature, including previous estimations of Panama, which suggests important changes in the characteristics of the cigarette demand in the period. Although the result suggests that the price increase is an effective tool to reduce cigarette consumption, it also seems to point out the presence of substitutes in electronic cigarettes (in illegal conditions), as well as a loss of the earning capacity of the consumption tax. Additionally, it suggests a positive effect of education in the reduction of consumption.

The psychosocial risk factors that affect a large number of employees today have generated new mental illnesses, as pointed out by the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare. The objective of the research is to identify and analyze the psychosocial risks to which 49 employees of a chain store are exposed, applying the methodology proposed by NOM-035-STPS-2018, in which three instruments were used: the Reference Guide I, III and V. In the analysis of the results, it is highlighted that 27% of the employees present work stress with very high risk, 30% with high risk, 20% with medium risk, 14% with low risk and 9% with no risk. Due to low job satisfaction, employees tend to resign in search of a healthy and positive environment. The development of strategies in favor of the physical and mental health of employees focuses on promoting a favorable organizational environment, considering a prosperous, inclusive and equitable career plan for the worker.

This paper addresses economic inequality from a gender perspective, highlighting how the gender pay gap, the sexual division of labor, career choices constrained by "glass walls," and the invisibility of the care economy perpetuate economic disparities. Integrating gender perspectives into economic analysis is essential for questioning the role assigned to women in the economy by neoclassical economic theory, as well as for understanding and discuss the roots of these disparities. The research delves into the relationship between economic and gender inequality, evaluating factors such as the distribution of unpaid work and women's participation in the labor market. Additionally, it analyzes gender inequality indicators and presents a critical analysis of how labor market structures and social expectations limit leadership opportunities for women, negatively impacting economic development.

As business and technology become interconnected, digital entrepreneurial skills become essential for business success. The objective of this research work was to identify if there are significant differences between male and female students in this competence. The research adopted a quantitative approach and a non-experimental descriptive design. A validated questionnaire was used and applied to 82 Business Administration students. Digital entrepreneurial skills were analyzed in 4 dimensions: opportunity identification, action planning, management and security, and initiative and collaboration. The results indicate that the observed differences were not statistically significant, suggesting that both genders have comparable levels of digital entrepreneurial skills. In conclusion, both men and women at the State University of the South of Manabí (UNESUM) consider themselves equally qualified in terms of digital entrepreneurial skills, which reinforces the importance of fostering an inclusive and equitable environment in the educational and professional field.