Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Understanding the transformations that education is undergoing today is the role of teachers, students and society as a whole. It is also essential to know the importance of schools and their role so that the teaching and learning process can be effectively improved. However, it is important to remember that it is a challenge for teachers who wish to develop methodologies and strategies that make learning and educational methods a reality. Thus, the act of playing can be a facilitator of learning, highlighting the importance of games and playfulness, where individuals learn to create and respect rules, discuss them, respect others, and stimulate curiosity along with self-confidence and autonomy. This article aims to study and analyze the importance of playing in early childhood education as a pedagogical practice in the early years of education. The methodology used was qualitative bibliographical research, based on bibliographic references in the conception of authors, to observe how playfulness will be useful as a pedagogical resource in early childhood education. Playing at school allows the educator to work on content in a playful way, making learning more meaningful.

Introduction: the only effective preventive strategy to control SARS-CoV-2 is the vaccine used on a large scale. Objective: analyze the profile of the population of Maceió vaccinated against covid-19. Methodology: descriptive, retrospective study with a quantitative approach. Results and discussion: In the period from January 18, 2021 to August 2, 2022, 2,151,203 doses of vaccines against COVID-19 were applied in Maceió. The rate of vaccinated women is higher than that of men. The most vaccinated age group is between 18-29 years. Conclusion: the importance of this analysis at the municipal level is fundamental in Primary Care in the Unified Health System, as it allows the application of prevention, promotion and health education measures.

The transition of care at the time of hospital discharge represents a critical phase for ensuring continuity of care and patient safety in adult populations. In this context, health technologies have emerged as promising tools to support this process, offering assistance from discharge planning through to post-discharge monitoring. However, the potential benefits and limitations of these technologies remain insufficiently synthesized in the scientific literature. This study presents the protocol for a scoping review aimed at mapping the available evidence on technologies used to support the transition of care for adult patients at hospital discharge. The review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The review is guided by the following question: What are the strengths and limitations of the technologies employed in the transition of care for adult patients at the time of hospital discharge? Searches will be carried out across seven electronic databases using controlled health-related vocabulary, in addition to gray literature retrieved from four complementary sources. Three independent reviewers will perform the screening and analysis of the studies, with a fourth reviewer available to resolve any disagreements. Primary studies employing various methodological approaches will be included, as well as gray literature such as manuals, dissertations, theses, books, and protocols, published in English or Spanish. Findings will be presented narratively, in tables, and through visual diagrams, following the PRISMA-ScR reporting guidelines.

This article seeks to understand how the collection of genetic material from prisoners, as established in Article 9-A of the Penal Execution Law, has been interpreted by the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of Brazil and international human rights systems, in relation to both the principle of non-self-incrimination, which prevents someone from being forced to produce evidence against themselves, and the state's punitive power (ius puniendi), which aims at the application of sanctions. The methodology used in this work was based on qualitative research through bibliographical review and analysis of doctrinal sources, articles, and case law. In Brazil, Law No. 12,654/2012, which was amended by Law 13,964/19, stipulates that individuals convicted of intentional crimes committed with violence or grave threats to a person, crimes against life, sexual crimes against vulnerable individuals, or other crimes against sexual freedom, will be required to undergo genetic profiling. At the international level, the jurisprudence of human rights courts, such as the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, was used to understand the limits of genetic profiling and the protection of fundamental rights. The study also focuses on the interpretation of the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (STF), which, recognizing the need to balance the application of ius puniendi with constitutional guarantees, deemed the compulsory collection of genetic material a matter of general repercussion. Based on international and national interpretations, the study concluded that to ensure the protection of human rights, there must be strict control over the collection and use of genetic profiles, based on the principles of necessity, proportionality, and legality; otherwise, ius puniendi exceeds its limits, becoming arbitrary and violating the constitutional principle of non-self-incrimination.

This article aims to analyze the effectiveness of extrajudicial adverse possession (usucapião) as a land regularization instrument in Brazil, highlighting its main challenges and opportunities within the real estate registration system. Extrajudicial adverse possession, introduced by Article 216-A of the Public Records Law through the 2015 Civil Procedure Code, represents a significant innovation in the field of property law by allowing ownership acquisition to occur swiftly and with fewer bureaucratic hurdles, directly through notary offices, without the need for judicial proceedings. The research adopts a qualitative approach, exploratory and descriptive in nature, based on bibliographic review and documentary analysis, with an emphasis on the legal, social, and administrative aspects of the mechanism. Extrajudicial adverse possession contributes to the realization of social rights, such as the right to housing and the social function of property, promoting the resolution of land disputes and the organization of urban spaces. However, its implementation faces obstacles such as the inertia of some notary offices, the complexity of required documentation, and the lack of training of involved professionals. Among the opportunities are the expansion of notarial practices, the use of technology for authentication and registration, and awareness campaigns that foster legal certainty and access to formal property. It is concluded that, despite the hurdles, extrajudicial adverse possession is a promising tool for real estate regularization, requiring investments in infrastructure, technical training, and public policies aimed at reducing judicial intervention in land conflicts. The study reaffirms the relevance of the mechanism for consolidating property rights in Brazil, reinforcing its role in promoting social justice and democratizing access to land.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed and deepened historical inequalities within the Brazilian educational system, significantly affecting student learning and retention, particularly in public schools. This article aims to analyze the main challenges faced by education in the post-pandemic period, with an emphasis on student disengagement and strategies for overcoming the resulting educational crisis. Through a bibliographic review grounded in authors such as Freire, Nóvoa, Candau, Freitas, and Magnago, the study explores structural, pedagogical, and social aspects that influence school dropout and lack of student engagement. The findings indicate that the absence of effective public policies, the inadequate use of digital technologies, and the disconnection between school curricula and students' social realities are key factors exacerbating the educational situation. Conversely, strategies based on emotional support, the strengthening of human relationships, and the implementation of active learning methodologies have proven effective in rebuilding school connections and valuing student agency. It is concluded that addressing post-pandemic educational challenges requires coordinated action among schools, families, communities, and public authorities, including investment in teacher training, school infrastructure, and digital inclusion. The reconstruction of public education demands an ethical commitment to equity, student voice, and the recognition of the diverse realities that shape the educational landscape. This study seeks to contribute to academic debate and the development of educational policies that are more responsive to the demands of the present time.

The present research centers on structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race within the context of mass incarceration in Brazil. Its general objective is to analyze structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race as factors contributing to the increase in female incarceration in Brazil. The specific objectives are: to conceptualize structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race, as well as to situate them within the Brazilian historical context; to study incarceration rates among white and black women, and between these women and men, based on official data, literature, and pertinent legislation; and to verify structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race as factors for the increase in female incarceration in Brazil. This is explanatory research with a mixed-methods approach, employing a deductive research method. The technical procedures used include bibliographic research—books, official data, scientific articles, and relevant legislation. The central issue highlighted is: can it be affirmed that structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race are factors contributing to the increase in female incarceration in Brazil? Therefore, this research is divided into three parts. Firstly, the historical concept of structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race will be studied. Subsequently, based on official data, literature, and pertinent legislation, the rates of female incarceration in Brazil will be examined, as well as their relationship with structural racism. Finally, the consequences of structural racism and the intersectionality of gender and race in the current Brazilian prison reality will be discussed. In conclusion, this research reveals the profound interconnection between race, gender, and the prison system, highlighting how these dynamics shape carceral practices and perpetuate systemic inequalities. By analyzing specific data from Brazil, it becomes evident that black women are disproportionately affected by incarceration, reflecting a deeply rooted pattern of racial and gender discrimination.

Objectives: To analyze the temporal trend of bladder cancer mortality in Brazil and its regions from 2014 to 2023.Methods: An ecological, quantitative, descriptive, and exploratory study that analyzed bladder cancer mortality in Brazil (2014–2023) using data from SIM/DATASUS. Variables such as year of death, sex, region, state, and underlying cause (ICD-10: C67) were considered. Mortality rates per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated based on population estimates from IBGE. Temporal trends were evaluated using Prais-Winsten regression, with logarithmic transformation, calculation of the annual percentage change (APC), and 95% CI. The APC was categorized as increasing (positive and significant), decreasing (negative and significant), or stationary (p > 0.05).Results: From 2014 to 2023, a total of 44,839 deaths from bladder cancer were recorded in Brazil, with a predominance in males and a concentration in the Southeast and South regions. The highest standardized mortality rates were also observed in these two regions, exceeding the national average. The temporal trend showed an increase in mortality nationwide, with the South region standing out for the highest annual percentage change and being the only region where all states showed an increasing trend. In males, the Northeast and South regions exceeded the national trend, while in females, all regions showed an increase, but only the Southeast and South exhibited trends above the national average, with all their states showing growth. Roraima was the only state in Brazil to show a decreasing trend in female mortality.Conclusion: This study highlighted the increasing bladder cancer mortality in Brazil, particularly in the Southeast and South regions, with consistent trends across states, except in Roraima, where female mortality decreased.

Introduction: The significant increase in obesity has led to the popularization of aesthetic surgical procedures, restrictive diets, and rigorous physical activity practices, intensifying concerns about public health and associated costs. In this context, bariatric surgery stands out as the most effective approach for treating obesity in both the short and long term, promoting adequate weight loss, resolution of comorbidities, and sustainable effects. Objective: To evaluate scientific evidence on the main postoperative complications and risk factors associated with the procedure for patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Method: This is an integrative literature review, based on literature reviews, case studies, and relevant clinical guidelines. The problem that guided the project was, “What are the main risk factors associated with postoperative complications in patients undergoing bariatric surgery?". Results: A total of 19 articles were included, revealing that the main risk factors associated with bariatric surgery were advanced age, high preoperative BMI, and the presence of comorbidities, primarily type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. Not referring to prevalent complications, the literature indicates that postoperative bleeding, anastomotic fistulas, abdominal pain, infections, and hypoglycemia are recurrent postoperative issues, suggesting that, despite technical and scientific advances, the procedure still involves considerable risks and clinical impact. Conclusion: The results found in this review contribute to categorizing and clarifying the aggravating factors, elucidating the temporal relationship and prevalence of postoperative complications in bariatric surgeries, and supporting clinical practice with pertinent information for candidate selection, choice of technique, possibility of complications, and continued monitoring.

This study evaluates the antifungal activity of the freeze-dried extract of Tectona grandis leaves against three phytopathogenic fungi, Aspergillus oryzae, Rhizopus stolonifer, and Aspergillus niger. A phytochemical screening revealed that the aqueous extract held the highest diversity of bioactive metabolites, including saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. In the experiment under controlled conditions, the effect of different concentrations of the aqueous extract on fungal growth was measured, with concentrations varying between 30 and 75 mg/ml. The results showed that Rhizopus stolonifer was the most affected at low doses, while Aspergillus niger exhibited notable growth at concentrations of 36.3 mg/ml and 52.5 mg/ml. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the cubic model showed that all model terms, including dose and the interaction between dose and fungus type, were significant (p < 0.0001). Additionally, the cubic model proved an adjusted R² of 0.9983, suggesting an excellent fit to the observed data. These findings suggest that Tectona grandis extract has significant potential as an antifungal agent, varying in effectiveness depending on the fungus type and concentration used, which could be useful in developing biological control strategies in crops.