Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This study presents a qualitative and reflective experience report conducted within the PET-Health/Equity program, focusing on valuing health workers in the maternity process. The activities took place in Primary Health Care Units in Manaus, involving students, preceptors, and professionals in discussion groups, workshops, and collective meetings.The concept of maternity care was broadly debated, emphasizing that caregiving is not exclusive to women but can be performed by anyone responsible for another person's well-being. It was observed that many professionals were unfamiliar with this approach, associating it only with biological motherhood. The exchange of experiences provided reflections on gender equity in caregiving and the need to recognize affective labor in the professional environment.The results indicate that actions aimed at valuing health professionals contribute to a more welcoming work environment, strengthening the bond between the healthcare team and SUS users. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of interprofessional education in developing technical and socio-emotional skills, fostering more humanized care.Finally, it is concluded that PET-Health/Equity represents a fundamental strategy for integrating education, service, and community, ensuring the training of professionals who are better prepared to work collaboratively and sensitively to the needs of healthcare workers and the population.

Recognizing the sovereignty of the Jury and the presumption of innocence as fundamental pillars of the Brazilian legal system, this study focuses on the constitutional implications of Binding Precedent No. 1,068 of General Repercussion, issued by the Brazilian Supreme Federal Court. This precedent authorizes the immediate execution of sentences handed down by the Jury Court, regardless of the length of the sentence imposed. Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 — Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions — the general objective of this study is to analyze the impact of this precedent on the effectiveness of human and fundamental rights guarantees. The specific objectives are: to highlight the principle of the presumption of innocence as a fundamental human right of Brazilian citizens; to describe the special procedures of the Jury Court based on the principle of the sovereignty of verdicts in the adjudication of intentional crimes against life; and to discuss the enforcement of Supreme Court Precedent No. 1,068 from the perspective of the presumption of innocence and the sovereignty of jury verdicts as safeguards for the effectiveness of fundamental rights. This qualitative study was conducted through bibliographic research, drawing on legislation, legal doctrine, case law, and judicial decisions relevant to the topic. The analysis reveals that although there is strong public demand for a more expedient justice system, the early execution of criminal sentences undermines the protection of fundamental rights — particularly the presumption of innocence — and calls for critical reflection on the broader consequences of the Supreme Court's decision in light of the constitutional framework of individual guarantees that underpin the Rule of Law.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder described by the Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a persistent deficit in communication and social interactions in different environments, involving limitations in social reciprocity, in the use of gestures and facial expressions during interactions, as well as in the ability to create, maintain and interpret interpersonal bonds. Additionally, behaviors characterized by repetitive and restricted patterns are observed, both in actions and in interests and in daily activities. The present study sought to evaluate the clinical aspects of this disorder in children, as well as its epidemiology in the global context. Methods: Narrative review of the literature in the Lilacs, PubMed, Virtual Health Library and Scielo databases, using the keywords Epidemiology, General Symptoms, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Childhood with the Boolean operator and. Twenty-two full articles published from 2000 to November 2024 were included. Twenty-six articles that were not aligned with the proposed theme were excluded after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results and Discussion: Studies indicate that the broad spectrum of ASD allows variation in the presence and intensity of some symptoms; however, clinically it presents as a deficit in social interaction and communication, associated with restrictive and repetitive behavior patterns. Regarding the epidemiological aspect, a higher prevalence was observed in males, advanced parental age, perinatal and neonatal complications, in addition to prenatal exposures such as maternal infections, obesity, gestational diabetes, use of antidepressants from the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class, antibiotics, and exposure to toxins. Ethnic, socioeconomic, and regional factors remain controversial due to the lack of standardization of the analysis method. Conclusion: It is concluded that knowledge of the clinical and epidemiological aspects of ASD is essential to optimize the clinical management of this disorder.

consisting of natural catchment areas that channel rainwater runoff into a water body. Accurate soil characterization in these areas is essential for assessing agricultural potential and proposing sustainable land use strategies. Soil classification in Brazil was updated by Embrapa (2018), making it necessary to reclassify previously studied areas. This study aimed to reclassify the soils of the Camaratuba River watershed using the updated methodology of the Brazilian Soil Classification System (Embrapa, 2018), with the support of the open-source software QGIS version 3.26. Based on the adopted methodology, a new soil map of the watershed was generated, identifying four main soil classes: Plinthosols (Argiluvic), Quartzarenic Neosols, Thionic Gleysols, and Fluvic Neosols. Plinthosols (Argiluvic) were the most representative, occupying 61.17% of the watershed area, while Thionic Gleysols accounted for only 1.31%. The results reflect the region's geological and climatic conditions, characterized by deep, weathered soils, with limestone rocks in the western portion and sedimentary formations such as sandstones and siltstones (Francisco et al., 2023). The distribution of the drainage network and artesian wells showed a higher concentration of structures in the western sector of the watershed, which is also related to local geology. It was found that Plinthosols (Argiluvic) are predominant in the Camaratuba River watershed, followed by Quartzarenic Neosols. The use of QGIS software proved effective in generating maps and performing spatial analysis of soils, contributing to the area's environmental planning. The application of Embrapa’s updated guidelines enabled a relevant revision of the pedological classification, which is essential to support actions in management, conservation, and the rational use of the watershed’s natural resources

Introduction: The HIV/AIDS virus emerged in the early 1980s in the United States of America, and its most aggressive form is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), known worldwide as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Its main focus is the weakening of the human body's immune system, using RNA as genetic material, which in turn uses T cells (CD4) to multiply. Palliative care, together with multidisciplinary treatment, can prolong the survival of patients with HIV/AIDS and maintain aspects of quality of life. Objective: To identify in the scientific literature the relevance of palliative care for patients with HIV/AIDS and contribute to your quality of life. Method: Integrative review, with the following guiding question: "How can palliative care improve the quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS?" The search was conducted in the LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, IBECS, CUMED, SciELO, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and APA databases from January 2014 to October 2024, using the descriptors “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome”, “HIV”, and “Palliative Care”. Results: A total of 1,784 articles were identified and, after applying the exclusion criteria, 9 articles were used for the search. The articles were divided into five thematic classes: Taboos involving HIV/AIDS; Psychosocial support; End-of-life care; Treatment adherence; Importance of the multidisciplinary team. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the urgency of more effective public policies and a holistic approach to improve treatment adherence and quality care for these patients, as well as the urgent need to expand the dissemination of this topic and encourage more publications that address the issue of early palliative care in depth.

Context: Melanoma has a lower incidence compared to other neoplasms but accounts for approximately 80% of deaths related to skin cancer, due to its rapid metastatic progression and high lethality. In recent years, immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized melanoma treatment, with particular emphasis on approaches combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Objective: To assess the impact and effectiveness of immunotherapy in the treatment of melanoma through the analysis of clinical trials, drug testing, and recent reviews.Methods: This is a qualitative scoping review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guideline. The literature search was carried out in the PubMed database, using eligibility criteria that included articles published in English between 2019 and 2024, specifically related to immunotherapy applied to melanoma.Results: A total of 89 articles were identified. Various therapeutic strategies were addressed, including combinations of immunotherapy with targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), as well as emerging technologies such as scRNA-seq and the combined use of anti-PD-1 and anti-LAG-3. These methods showed promising outcomes, with significant improvements in patient prognosis, although challenges still remain.Conclusion: Growing evidence highlights the significant potential of immunotherapy in melanoma treatment. However, grade 3–4 adverse effects observed in some patients indicate that further advances are needed to improve the safety and efficacy of these approaches.

The study aimed to investigate the knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors of adolescents and young adults at IFMA – Campus São Luís Monte Castelo regarding sexuality. This research is justified by the relevance of understanding the gaps in students' knowledge and practices on sexuality-related topics, considering their influence on youth well-being and development. Using a qualitative-quantitative and descriptive approach, a semi-structured questionnaire was applied via Google Forms to 95 high school students aged 15 to 17, addressing topics such as contraceptive methods, STIs, early pregnancy, and sexuality. The results indicated that 95.8% of students are aware of the distribution of condoms in health centers, but only 26% and 25% mentioned schools and Counseling and Testing Centers (CTAs), respectively, as access points. It was observed that 84.4% are unaware of PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) and that, although 74% have knowledge about AIDS, information about other STIs was considered insufficient. Additionally, 95.8% recognize the negative impacts of teenage pregnancy, and 97.9% support the discussion of sexuality in schools, while 76.8% had not yet initiated sexual activity. It is concluded that, although students demonstrate some knowledge of contraceptive methods and recognize the importance of sexual education, there is an urgent need to deepen topics such as PEP and other STIs. This context highlights the opportunity to strengthen sexual education in schools, addressing essential issues to prevent risks and promote health.

Hypertension (HTN) is an important risk factor for the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). The relationship between hypertension and CAD involves mechanisms such as increased atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, damage to the heart and vessels, and arterial stiffness, which compromises coronary perfusion. This contribution highlights the need for strict blood pressure control in high-risk patients. Therapeutic strategies include beta-blockers, statins, antiplatelet therapy, and lifestyle changes, enhanced by mobile technologies that aid in monitoring and adherence. Procedures such as coronary bypass are indicated in advanced cases. Integrated management is essential to reduce the overall burden of CAD and improve cardiovascular outcomes. Studies such as SPRINT and STEP demonstrate that stricter blood pressure targets (<120 mmHg) significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in the elderly, while meta-analyses show that each 5 mmHg reduction in SBP reduces cardiovascular events by 10%. Blood pressure control prevents inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, slowing the progression of atherosclerosis. However, economic and social barriers, especially in Latin America, hinder the adequate management of hypertension. Educational campaigns, access to medications, and public policies are crucial to overcoming these challenges, highlighting the need for strategies that integrate clinical control and socioeconomic support to reduce inequalities. Therefore, strict blood pressure control reduces cardiovascular risks, so a combination of pharmacological control, lifestyle changes, and inclusive public policies is necessary to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular diseases.

Introduction: Jehovah's Witnesses, a religious group founded in the late 19th century by Charles Russell, have as one of their core beliefs the rejection of practices they consider incompatible with biblical teachings, notably the refusal of blood transfusions. Based on a literal interpretation of biblical passages such as Acts 15:29 and Leviticus 17:10-14, this practice raises ethical, legal, and social implications, especially in medical contexts where blood transfusions are often essential to saving lives. This study analyzes the ethical and legal aspects of this refusal, focusing on the relationship between religious freedom, individual autonomy, and the right to health. Methodology: The research was conducted through a narrative literature review, addressing scientific articles and jurisprudence from the Federal Supreme Court (STF) and the Superior Court of Justice (STJ). Results: During the search, 248 articles were found, of which 16 were selected, along with relevant jurisprudence. Discussion: The refusal of blood transfusion, supported by biblical interpretations, represents an ethical dilemma, especially in life-threatening situations, when the rights to autonomy and health conflict. The analysis revealed that Jehovah's Witnesses base their refusal on passages that prohibit the consumption of blood. The study also discussed Brazilian jurisprudence, which has prioritized the preservation of life, often to the detriment of religious freedom, as shown in decisions authorizing transfusions against the patient's will. The recent decision by the STF, recognizing the right of adult and capable Jehovah's Witnesses to refuse transfusions with viable alternatives, marks progress in protecting religious autonomy. However, for minors, the principle of the best interest of health prevails. Conclusion: It is concluded that, despite legislative progress, it is necessary to balance the protection of religious freedom with the preservation of health and life, ensuring viable medical alternatives.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects both adults and children, with significant impacts on quality of life. In cases of moderate to severe AD in adults, conventional treatments are often insufficient for effective symptom control. In this context, dupilumab, a recently approved biologic for the management of AD, has emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative. The aim of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of dupilumab in the treatment of AD in adults. This study is an integrative literature review. Research was conducted through the analysis of 16 articles published between 2019 and 2023, selected from the LILACS, PUBMED, and SCIELO databases, based on the guiding question: "What is the efficacy of dupilumab in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults?". Articles published in Portuguese and/or English were selected, organized, and systematized using a flow diagram. The results indicated that dupilumab was effective in reducing AD symptoms, such as pruritus and skin lesions, with a significant improvement in EASI and SCORAD scores. Efficacy was observed both as monotherapy and in combination with topical treatments, with more pronounced effects in a biweekly administration regimen. The treatment was well tolerated, with adverse reactions such as conjunctivitis and upper respiratory infections generally being mild and manageable. The analysis showed that frequent administration regimens sustain the therapeutic benefits over time. It is concluded that dupilumab is an effective and safe option for the treatment of AD in adults, offering an alternative to fill a therapeutic gap in the management of the disease, providing prolonged efficacy that was not achieved with previous treatments.