Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article presents the theoretical foundations of an artificial neural network from both mathematical and algorithmic perspectives, grounded in a comprehensive review of the available literature and informed by the author extensive experience in teaching related courses. In this context, the content was directed toward single-layer, shallow, and multilayer neural networks with supervised training, complemented by examples and practical applications in classification and prediction.. For this purpose, the MATLAB Deep Learning Toolbox was employed in conjunction with publicly accessible datasets, facilitating the implementation of examples that range from simple to complex. This progression was achieved by varying parameters such as the number of neurons, input features, network layers, training iterations, and the selection of diverse activation functions. Thus, to demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical concepts, six practical examples and four real-world applications were developed.

This paper presents the Blackman's Theorem, a simple and general tool for calculating unambiguously equivalent impedances seen from any pair of terminals in electrical and analog circuits. Some application examples of this Theorem will be analyzed, demonstrating its usefulness even in complicated circuits.

In natural languages, spelling errors and ambiguities occur that can be resolved by humans; this is not the case in formal languages. Natural language processing aims to enable humans to communicate with machines in natural language; however, spelling errors can be more difficult for machines to identify. These errors can be of various types, including lexicographic errors. This study aims to demonstrate how lexical-morphological analysis can improve accuracy and efficiency in natural language processing tasks by combining advanced tokenization techniques and deep morphological analysis for applications in specialized domains.

In a world convulsed by war, climate change, and other serious crises that threaten the existence and well-being of humanity, engineering is evolving at an unprecedented pace and is positioning itself as the cornerstone for addressing the most pressing challenges facing our society. The convergence of the disciplines of civil engineering, electronics, computer science, and mechatronics fosters a transdisciplinary space that allows us to prepare to face the challenge of complex phenomena and the quantum revolution, as well as to promote more favorable conditions for life in all its manifestations and forms.

The main objective of this research project is to carry out a mineralogical characterization of the types of clays present in the fine soils of the city of Pucallpa, located in the department of Ucayali, central eastern Peru, on the banks of the Ucayali River at an altitude of 154 meters above sea level. For the development of this study, a geotechnical campaign was planned that consisted of the execution of 40 open-air pits to a depth of 1.50 meters in the provinces of Yarinacocha, Manantay and Callería. In these pits, cubic blocks of unaltered clay, with sides of 30 cm, were extracted. Subsequently, these blocks were transferred to Lima, specifically to the soil mechanics laboratories of the Ricardo Palma University, where the corresponding normal and special tests were carried out for their characterization, following the procedures established in the national technical standards (NTP) and international (ASTM). The determination of the type of mineral in clay soils was carried out using the theories of Skempton (1953), who defined the concept of "clay activity" (A). This determination was based on obtaining the Atterberg limits (liquid limit and plastic limit) and on sedimentation granulometry tests to obtain the amount of clay particles with diameters less than 0.002mm. The results obtained on the activity of clays allowed us to identify the predominance of certain types of clay minerals in the extensive areas of the city of Pucallpa. It was determined that the predominant clays are illite, which is inactive and has a low volume change potential, and kaolinite, which is normal and has a medium volume change potential. Recognizing the type of clay mineral allows us to understand its physical and chemical properties, such as its stability and its tendency to present fewer expansion problems. This information is taken into account to make informed decisions in the design of foundations on fine soils in the city of Pucallpa.

The main objective of this work is the design of a riverside defense to reduce the risk of flooding on the banks of the Mala River at the San Antonio Bridge. The methodology used for the research is framed in the collection of data from the hydrological study of the Mala River carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture, thus dividing the realization of this study into 3 stages. In the first, topography, geology and hydrology data were obtained, obtaining the maximum design flow. In the second, the analyzes and results of the hydraulic and structural part were obtained, in order to obtain the maximum tension for the sizing of the gabion wall. Finally, in the third stage, the environmental impact analysis, budget, execution schedule and project plans were carried out. The software ArcGIS, TREND, HYDROGNOMON 4, HEC-RAS 6.4.1, Gawac 3.0, Excell were used as tools for information processing and analysis of results. The main results of the morphological parameters of the Mala River basin have an area of 2,440.94 km2, with a main river slope of 2.45% and a drainage density of 0.735 km/km2. A design flow of 217m3/s was obtained, considering a return period of 174 years, for the projected structure. The riverside defense was considered with gabion walls of 7 and 5 m high, the first having 5 box-type levels of 5x1x1 m and 4 mattress-type levels of 5x3x0.5 m, the second 4 box-type levels of 5x1x1 m and 4 mattress-type 6.5x3x0.5 m With the above, it is concluded that the projection of the riverside defense in the evaluation section is viable since it represents an optimal design to control flooding in the surrounding population, with a viable EIA, with more economical solution costs compared to the reinforced concrete retaining walls with fast completion time

The presented research had been written with the main task to be a support for students in electronic, mechatronic, and mechanic engineer, owing to share many experiences in the transduction analysis design and its applications. Moreover, this work is also proposed for researchers, who want to correlate the mathematical analysis with algorithms design based on adaptive and predictive criterion due to obtain optimal models, from which the physical parameters of a system can be find, it means to achieve them in order to obtain the mathematical model of the measured process as a consequence of theoretical models and the multivariable experimental analysis. The design of advanced sensors is an amazing task in the development of instrumentation for physical variables measurement in engineering processes, such as it is given in mechanics, thermodynamics and electromagnetism [Medina].  For this reason, in this research are described applications in temperature measurement of combustion motors or electrical motors, also the flow measurement of the fluid that transmit the energy to move hydraulic/pneumatic cylinders, furthermore the vibration measurement over the Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) system to enhance unbalanced rotors, as well as in the sound measured and produced for Active Noise Control (ANC) systems. Consequently, the designed smart sensors have the advantage to correlate measured physical variables, which is supported on the processing algorithm to get adaptive estimations/predictions of the optimal measurement even under disturbances.

Este ensayo ofrece una revisión crítica sobre cómo se han presentado el gobierno militar de Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975) y la escena del arte experimental de Lima en exhibiciones y circuitos académicos internacionales. Comienza con una breve introducción centrada en las particularidades de este régimen y presenta algunos ejemplos de sus políticas culturales. Luego, analiza textos escritos en las décadas de 1970 y 1980 que tratan sobre la escena del arte experimental de Lima, contrastando estos textos con una nueva interpretación histórica que ha comenzado a circular principalmente fuera del Perú desde el año 2007. A partir de la noción de «guerrilla cultural», el ensayo cuestiona la validez de esta versión de la historia de este periodo. Asimismo, muestra, mediante ejemplos concretos, cómo la práctica curatorial está reescribiendo la historia del arte peruano con el objetivo de integrarlo en el circuito internacional del arte. Palabras clave: arte experimental, guerrilla cultural, arte peruano, gobierno militar, Juan Velasco Alvarado, historiografía, curaduría. AbstractThis paper examines how the military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado (1968-1975) and the experimental art scene in Lima have been presented in exhibitions and international academic and curatorial circuits. It begins with a brief introduction, focusing on the characteristics of this regime and presenting examples of its cultural policies. The paper then reviews the literature produced in the 1970s and 1980s on the experimental art scene, contrasting these earlier accounts with a new historical interpretation that has circulated primarily outside Peru since 2007. Drawing on the notion of «cultural guerrilla», the essay questions the validity of this version of the period’s history. It also illustrates, through specific examples, how curatorial practices are contributing to a rewriting of Peruvian art history in order to integrate it into the international art circuit. Keywords: experimental art, cultural guerrilla, Peruvian art, military government, Juan Velasco Alvarado, historiography, curating.

La Casa de Ejercicios de la Tercera Orden de San Francisco de en Lima conserva un conjunto de paños de azulejos de procedencia sevillana del setecientos. Estas obras se pueden apreciar en el presbiterio de la capilla y en el claustro, pero hasta ahora se desconocían con exactitudlos detalles precisos de su llegada a la ciudad. Por ello, en el presente estudio artículo se aproxima aintenta hacer un recorrido de por la historia de la azulejería limeña, para después analizar las características formales y determinar la temporalidad de los paños de la Casa de Ejercicios Espirituales , con nuevos la ayuda de datos inéditos. Palabras clave: azulejo, baldosa cerámica vidriada, Juan de Alva y Molviedro, comercio artístico, Lima, Sevilla. AbstractThe House of Spiritual Exercises of the Third Order of Saint Francis in Lima preserves a set of azulejo (glazed ceramic tile) panels of Sevillian origin from the eighteenth century. These works can be seen in the presbytery of the chapel and in the cloister, but until now the specific details of their arrival in Lima were unknown. This study will review the history of azulejo tilework in Lima and analyze its formal characteristics and date the panels of the House of Spiritual Exercises, with the help of unpublished data. Keywords: azulejo, glazed ceramic tile, Juan de Alva y Molviedro, artistic trade, Lima, Seville

Este artículo analiza la naturaleza de los críticos diletantes y profesionales en las primeras décadas del siglo veinte en Lima. Mientras que los diletantes poseen libertad intuitiva y arbitrariedad de conceptos aplicados, los profesionales se legitiman por el amplio bagaje cultural o de lecturas especializadas desde su periodicidad, visibilidad, actualidad histórica y repercusión pública, sobre todo, su quehacer consecuente, vínculo entre la tradición artística y el arte contemporáneo, y la vocación constructiva del gusto. Se identifican valores profesionales en tres autores: Emilio Gutiérrez de Quintanilla, Federico Larrañaga y Teófilo Castillo. Palabras clave: crítica de arte, diletante, profesional, estética, arte peruano. AbstractThis article analyzes the nature of amateur and professional art critics in the first decades of the twentieth century in Lima. While amateurs possess intuitive freedom and apply concepts arbitrarily, professional critics derive their legitimacy from their broad cultural background and their knowledge of specialized literature in terms of its frequency, visibility, historical relevance, and public impact. Above all, the professional’s consistent approach to their craft forged the link between artistic tradition, contemporary art, and the cultivation of expert aesthetic judgment. The application of theseprofessional values can be seen in the works of three amateur critics: Emilio Gutiérrez de Quintanilla, Federico Larrañaga, and Teófilo Castillo. Keywords: art criticism, dilettante, amateur critic, professional critic, aesthetics, Peruvian art