Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article studies the Groove Gap Waveguide (GGW) technology and its possible application in the new scenarios that will arise with the deployment of the sixth generation (6G) of wireless communications systems, to achieve greater data transmission and reliability of communication networks, due to the advantages that this technology can provide in environments where high availability of the millimetre bands (mmWave) is required. This technology allows the transmission of waves without the need for physical contact between the conductive materials, solving the problem of physical contact necessary in traditional waveguides, by means of a structure of metallic pins with separation between them, which emulate the function of perfect Magnetic Conductive Material (PMC). The present work is aimed at the design of a 2 × 2 element slot antenna array for W-band satellite applications, using the GGW technology variant. A maximum gain of 12.2 dBi is obtained, with a bandwidth of approximately 18.2 %, at the design frequency (94 GHz), which can solve problems in future antenna designs for the development of new 6G applications, due to the capability of GGW technology to achieve low losses and high power handling capacity at high frequencies.

This article aims to present the design methodology of an alternative control solution for the recovery of inoperative medical steam sterilizers resulting from serious failures in the control hardware and lack of support from the manufacturer. Autoclaves allow sterilizing of medical-surgical and laboratory instruments from hospitals and health centers. They are of vital importance for the maintenance and quality of medical services. The methodology presented presents in detail the diagnostic procedure, identification of sensor curves, definition of requirements, hardware design, and software design that support the defined control solution. The article proposes an overflow control architecture for the temperature in the different stages of the sterilization process that contemplates the pulse width modulation for the activation of the electric steam generator from a conventional magnetic contactor, considering the limitations associated with the switching times for this type of actuator. The methodology is applied to a steam sterilizer model “SAKURA FI-371”. The results present an ergonomic solution that allows supervision, monitoring of the process, and recording trends of desired variables. Likewise, compliance with the stages of a work cycle and the correct adjustment of the temperature control loop in the sterilization chamber is demonstrated. The certification of the solution was achieved through biological testing by the corresponding national regulatory entity.

This work is about the design and implementation of software for modular medical equipment dedicated to patient monitoring in therapies. The Doctus family of patient monitors from the Cuban manufacturer COMBIOMED is used as a case study. The methodology followed for converting existing monolithic equipment to modular equipment is described. The objective is to generate software that is flexible enough to allow modifications in its distribution, changes in the configuration of the modules it supports, and modification of digital signal processing algorithms, without having to make any changes to the software. An Agile V-model methodology is used for the development process, and Microsoft’s .NET 6 technology is used for the implementation.

The adoption of the Internet of Things in critical applications highlights the need to strengthen security in its perception layer, one of the most vulnerable. This article presents a threat model for this layer, identifying replay, denial-of-service, and network traffic capture attacks as the most critical. In order to counteract them, an optimized variant of an authentication protocol based on zero-knowledge proofs is proposed, improving the efficiency and scalability of the original Hecht protocol. The solution introduces elementary matrices to reduce protocol computational complexity and an explicit mechanism for secure secret management. It is experimentally validated in a QR code-based access control system, simulating a real Internet of Things environment. The results show that the proposed variant is lightweight, efficient, and suitable for resource-constrained devices, especially in web environments, offering a high level of security by not revealing information about the secret key during authentication. Furthermore, a design of experiments optimizes the protocol parameters, minimizing execution time without compromising security. The proposed protocol represents a significant improvement in security and efficiency for authentication in the Internet of Things perception layer.

The center of molecular immunology is an institution of investigation, development and production of therapeutic vaccines for the clinical treatment of different types of cancer and autoimmune disease. On the production process of their biological products, without of doubts, the water constitutes an essential raw material (represents more than 90 % of total contents that final products), due to this, it was required that the systems involved in water treatment operate optimally, complying with existing national and international regulatory standards for the pharmaceutical industry. This study addressed the reautomation of a four-stage multi-effect distiller and its corresponding distribution loop for injection water, installed at a biotechnological plant. Due to its obsolescence, the control and monitoring system of the distiller was modernized using Siemens technology. This upgrade successfully improved its operational conditions and performance, ensured enhanced efficiency, and reduced the negative impact of potential observations arising from regulatory inspections.

This article investigates the use of Time-Modulated Arrays (TMA) for simultaneous multi-user communications in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, focusing on overcoming coverage, cost, and complexity limitations. While promising due to low latency and global coverage, LEO satellites face challenges such as limited beam footprint. To address this, TMAs emerge as an innovative solution by replacing phase shifters with switching sequences, generating directional beams with ultra-low sidelobes and interference suppression. The study compares TMAs with traditional phased arrays, demonstrating that TMAs reduce costs, algorithmic complexity, and energy consumption. A methodological framework is developed, including Direction of Arrival (DoA) and TMA switching parameter mapping. Results validate TMA effectiveness in practical scenarios, even under channel estimation imperfections, highlighting their beam-shape-dependent tolerance. Within 6G deployment contexts demanding higher capacity and reliability, TMA position themselves as a key technology for satellite applications by offering spectral flexibility and adaptability to dynamic environments. This work contributes to next-generation system design by providing tools to optimize satellite positioning and mitigate interference, essential for globally covered LEO networks.

Optimal log management in data centers is key to strengthening service vitality and infrastructure performance. This article proposes a maturity model that evaluates and improves this process, focusing on two axes: the log lifecycle and critical functions such as continuous monitoring and automation. Through an exhaustive literature review and a comparative analysis of tools, a maturity model with several levels, each with measurable indicators, was designed. Validation was performed through a practical exercise in a controlled data center environment, where techniques such as real-time analysis and log normalization were applied. The results demonstrated that organizations at higher levels of maturity can reduce incident detection time by taking the human factor out of the equation to detect the alert, thus improving their incident response capability. In addition, it was identified that the integration of advanced analytics technologies is crucial to reach the optimized level. The article concludes with a proposed architecture of tools that allow a company with low levels of maturity to improve its log management, highlighting its scalability in resource-constrained environments and its alignment with international standards. This proposal offers a practical framework for data centers to prioritize investments and optimize their log management, ensuring high levels of availability and performance in critical services.

The performance of photovoltaic systems (PVS) largely depends on their ability to operate at the Maximum Power Point (MPP), which varies throughout the day due to changes in irradiance and temperature. This article compares three Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques: Perturb and Observe (P&O), Hill Climbing (HC), and Incremental Conductance (IC). To evaluate their performance, a simulation model was developed in Matlab-Simulink. The performance of the algorithms is assessed using two error metrics and the energy produced by the PVS under varying irradiance conditions. The simulation results make it possible to identify the advantages and limitations of each technique, providing criteria for their selection in specific photovoltaic applications. This comparison offers insights for designing more efficient MPPT controllers, contributing to the implementation and operation of PVS with greater stability and energy efficiency.

This paper proposes the design and implementation of a Wireless Command System (WCS) that uses free hardware and software to control the actuators of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV). The system consists of a Futaba T10CAG (2.4 GHz) radio controller, an R6014HS receiver, an Arduino Uno, and a signal conditioning board, allowing precise control of linear and rotational movements of the UGV. The characterization of the UGV and its integration with the WCS guarantee remote steering of the vehicle. In experimental tests its operation is demonstrated up to distances of 800 m, which overcomes the range limitations of WiFi and Bluetooth technologies. Furthermore, the design avoids dependence on cellular infrastructures such as LTE/5G, making it an ideal option for operations in hard-to-reach environments. Even when the controller boxes impose restrictions on the direction inversion of motor, which limits maneuverability in situations requiring rapid changes of direction, the WCS obtained is an adaptable solution. The combination of affordable hardware and software offers technological sovereignty, with potential for future upgrades and customization to optimize the VTNT's performance in a variety of applications.

Drone pilot training is a growing challenge due to the need to improve flight skills and reduce costs. This paper presents the development of a wireless trainer with the objective of achieving a virtual system that simulates flight conditions and facilitates practical learning in complete safety. Exposed solution combines a Futaba remote control, a PWM signal receiver, an Arduino Leonardo, and a Latte Panda V1.0, connected through the USB HID serial communication protocol. Aerofly RC7 flight simulator is installed on the single-board computer operating system, which allows pilots to acquire skills free of danger in handling the equipment. Innovation of the proposal lies in the interaction achieved between economical and accessible technological resources, with the application of flight simulators, to obtain a viable solution in the training of pilots.