Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Micropropagation of epiphytic bromeliads associated to translocation may act as an important tool for conservation, restauration or mitigation initiatives. Vriesea incurvata is an epiphytic tank-forming bromeliad endemic to the Atlantic Forest, being an important species in gallery forest environments. Seeds of V. incurvata were germinated in vitro, and plants were acclimatized and translocated to each of two microhabitats (gallery forest and forest interior) of an Atlantic Forest fragment in South Brazil that harbors few individuals of the species. The 152 plants (76 per microhabitat) were monitored for survival and development, and abiotic data were recorded. There was increased development of morphometric parameters of the plants in the gallery forest, and survival rate ensured an 800% increase in the original population of V. incurvata in the study area. Plant survival and development parameters were positively related to light and relative air humidity. In gallery forest, plants flowered and set fruit, indicating their relationship with pollinators, since V. incurvata provides food for fauna. Further, the establishment of the individuals increased the availability of water in the canopy by accumulation in the rosettes, as well as the complexity of the canopy structure, providing a site for the occurrence of detritivorous, predatory and herbivorous arthropods. Thus, based on the method applied to V. incurvata, inserting epiphytic species into forest environments can be an efficient tool for artificial habitat regeneration, incrementing functional diversity and improving environmental quality.

Despite the existence of several waste recycling initiatives in Brazil, the national average of recyclable material recovery rates still remains below 3%. In this context, it is necessary to diagnose the performance of systems to implement improvement actions, considering the particularities of each system. In this study, we describe the application of a method capable of diagnosing the effectiveness of selective collection systems by identifying a general sustainability index, calculated based on 16 performance indicators. The study focused on the city of Volta Redonda and was organized into three stages: identification of the performance evaluation method; data collection and calculation of indicators; and calculation of the sustainability index. The index value found for the city was 0.47, which represents an unfavorable level of sustainability. In this case, Volta Redonda is making insufficient investments in its selective waste collection system. The factors that contributed to this low index are: an outdated solid waste management plan, low collection coverage, low recovery rate of recyclable materials, high rejection rate, high selective collection cost, outdated cost of selective collection service, precarious occupational health and safety conditions of members of waste picker cooperatives, and lack of registration of residences for donation of recyclable materials.

This article aims to evaluate the current state of groundwater management in the state of Piauí, considering the scenario of climate change and its adverse effects on aquifers. The analysis is based on the socioeconomic reality of the state, the availability and demand of groundwater resources, and the level of management and the possible impacts of climate change on the state. What is noticeable is that for the projected scenarios of climate change in the state, groundwater becomes a strategic source in mitigating the effects of climate change; however, the diagnosis produced shows that the state has already been using this resource too much, but without an efficient control of the public power. This combination tends toward a pessimistic view of both the state and groundwater in relation to climate change.

La concepción de naturaleza como sujeto de derechos, está plasmada en la Constitución ecuatoriana, surgiendo ante la necesidad de proteger el medio ambiente, ante los ataques de los cuales ha sido víctima, teniendo la intención de garantizar la protección del ambiente, y otorgar beneficios a los seres humanos que habitan el planeta, ya que al sufrir menoscabo los ecosistemas, ello redunda en graves perjuicios a la humanidad. Dentro de esta concepción de defensa de la naturaleza y exigibilidad de sus derechos, tal como lo establece la Constitución del Ecuador, no puede dejar de mencionarse la existencia de sanciones penales, partiendo del hecho que la tutela penal ambiental brinda protección a los distintos elementos que conforman la naturaleza, como sería, el aire, aguas, suelos, flora y fauna. Ahora bien, el derecho penal ambiental, se focaliza en los intereses colectivos vinculados con los elementos que conforman el ambiente con la finalidad de obtener un auténtico sistema de justicia ecológica, centrado en atender los perjuicios ocasionados al medio ambiente y la consecuente generación de un número indeterminados de víctimas de la colectividad. Tales planteamientos conducen a formular como propósito de este artículo, describir a la naturaleza como víctima ante la perpetración de delitos penales ambientales. De hecho, es innegable la necesidad de proteger la naturaleza, mediante el derecho que posee y en atención al derecho que tiene el hombre a un medio ambiente adecuado, lo que lleva paralelamente el reconocimiento y configuración de sanciones penales ambientales, ante las acciones tipificadas como delitos ecológicos.Palabras clave: Naturaleza, sujeto de derecho, delitos penales ambientales. ABSTRACTThe conception of nature as a subject of rights, is embodied in the Ecuadorian Constitution, arising from the need to protect the environment, in the face of the attacks of which it has been a victim, with the intention of guaranteeing the protection of the environment, and granting benefits to the human beings that inhabit the planet, since by suffering ecosystems are undermined, this results in serious damage to humanity. Within this conception of defense of nature and enforceability of its rights, as established by the Constitution of Ecuador, the existence of criminal sanctions cannot be ignored, based on the fact that environmental criminal protection provides protection to the different elements that make up nature, as it would be, the air, water, soil, flora and fauna. However, environmental criminal law focuses on the collective interests linked to the elements that make up the environment in order to obtain an authentic ecological justice system, focused on addressing the damage caused to the environment and the consequent generation of a number indeterminate victim of the community. Such approaches lead to the formulation of the purpose of this article, to describe nature as a victim in the face of the perpetration of environmental criminal offenses. In fact, the need to protect nature is undeniable, through the right that it possesses and in attention to the right that man has to an adequate environment, which parallels the recognition and configuration of environmental criminal sanctions, in the face of actions typified as ecological crimes.Keywords:Nature, subject of law, environmental criminal offenses. 

En Ecuador actualmente persisten una serie de discriminaciones y limitaciones de los derechos de las mujeres embarazadas, en periodo de maternidad y lactancia; pues el criterio del pensamiento mercantilista se ha impuesto sobre el social, considerando la maternidad como un obstáculo y no como un aporte social. El Despido Ineficaz, por su corta vigencia en la legislación ecuatoriana, no ha sido objeto de un amplio estudio para determinar la efectividad de aplicación de esta institución. Sin embargo, al referirnos a las mujeres embarazadas o mujeres en estado de gestación, existe contraposición directa de la institución jurídica del despido ineficaz que ampara su estabilidad laboral, frente a la potestad del empleador para dar por terminada la relación laboral. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo identificar los fundamentos jurídicos constitucionales, legales y convencionales del despido ineficaz de las mujeres embarazadas en el ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano mediante la revisión de la doctrina, la jurisprudencia y las leyes. Para la realización de este trabajo los investigadores acogimos el enfoque: crítico propositivo de carácter cuantitativo–cualitativo, a fin de mostrar que el embarazo no puede constituir un obstáculo para el acceso al trabajo ni menos una justificación para la terminación del mismo.Palabras clave:Despido ineficaz, mujer, enfoque legal, constitucional, convencional. ABSTRACTIn Ecuador, a series of discriminations and limitations on the rights of pregnant, maternity and breastfeeding women persist; because the criterion of mercantilist thought has been imposed on the social one, considering motherhood as an obstacle and not as a social contribution. The Ineffective Dismissal, due to its short validity in Ecuadorian legislation, has not been the subject of an extensive study to determine the effectiveness of application of this institution. However, when referring to pregnant women or pregnant women, there is a direct opposition of the legal institution of ineffective dismissal that protects their job stability, against the power of the employer to terminate the employment relationship. This research aims to identify the constitutional, legal and conventional legal bases of the ineffective dismissal of pregnant women in the Ecuadorian legal system by reviewing doctrine, jurisprudence and laws. To carry out this work, the researchers accepted the approach: critical propositional of a quantitative-qualitative nature, in order to show that pregnancy cannot constitute an obstacle to access to work, much less a justification for its termination.Keywords:Ineffective dismissal, women, legal, constitutional, conventional approach. 

ejercicios físicos adaptados ejerce sobre el desarrollo de la coordinación motriz en niños que entrenan atletismo del equipo Marlin´s, lo que permitirá a futuro ser parte de un grupo de atletas, que tengan un buen nivel competitivo en esta disciplina. La investigación es de tipo longitudinal, al realizarse las mediciones a lo largo del tiempo, se enmarca en un diseño pre experimental con pre-test y post-test al mismo grupo. Se hace una comparación de muestra pareadas para eliminar el sesgo de error que tiene el pre-experimento. Los métodos utilizados para dar respuesta a la problemática detectada son diversos con énfasis en la medición como método principal que permitió realizar un análisis estadístico acorde al tipo de estudio seleccionado. La contribución se materializa en la propia concepción del programa motriz a los niños que entrenan atletismo. Las conclusiones refieren que derivado del diagnóstico se observó en la muestra seleccionada dificultades en la coordinación motriz, lo que demostró la necesidad de la elaboración de este programa. Después de aplicado, pudo comprobarse que el mismo influyó positivamente en el proceso de entrenamiento del atletismo, se logró mejorar significativamente la coordinación motriz en niños de 8 a 12 años del equipo de atletismo Marlins y con ello la ejecución de las diferentes técnicas empleadas en este deporte.Palabras clave: Coordinación motriz, entrenamiento, atletismo. ABSTRACTThe purpose of the research was to determine the influence that an adapted physical exercise program exerts on the development of motor coordination in children who train athletics for the Marlin's team, which will allow them to be part of a group of athletes in the future, who have a good competitive level in this discipline. The research is of a longitudinal type, as the measurements are made over time, it is part of a pre-experimental design with pre-test and post-test to the same group. A comparison of paired samples is made to eliminate the error bias that the pre-experiment has. The methods used to respond to the detected problems are diverse with emphasis on measurement as the main method that allowed statistical analysis according to the type of study selected. The contribution is materialized in the very conception of the motor program for children who train athletics. The conclusions refer that derived from the diagnosis, difficulties in motor coordination were observed in the selected sample, which demonstrated the need for the development of this program. After applied, it could be verified that it had a positive influence on the athletics training process, it was possible to significantly improve motor coordination in children from 8 to 12 years of age from the Marlins athletics team and with it the execution of the different techniques used in this sport.Keywords: Motor coordination, training, athletics.

El útero de Couvelaire, o apoplejía uteroplacentaria, un cuadro clínico excepcional en la obstetricia moderna que consiste en una infiltración hemática del miometrio uterino debida a la formación de un hematoma retroplacentario masivo que no encuentra salida hacia la cavidad vaginal y constituye una de las complicaciones más severas del desprendimiento prematuro de placenta, definido como la separación parcial o completa de una placenta normalmente insertada previo al inicio del parto. Ocurre en el 0.5-2% de todos los nacimientos, y de estos, el 50% de los casos acompañado de trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo, asociado a una elevada morbimortalidad materno perinatal. Existen distintos factores de riesgo asociados con el desprendimiento prematuro de placenta, dentro de los que se destacan: los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo quienes siguen constituyendo una importante causa de morbimortalidad materna principalmente secundaria a hemorragias cerebrales, mortalidad perinatal debido a la prematuridad, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), y abruptio placentae. La etiología no está definida, y su diagnóstico se basa fundamentalmente en las manifestaciones clínicas. Se expone un caso de gestante con útero de Couvelaire en el contexto de un síndrome de HELLP, en el hospital Teófilo Dávila de la ciudad de Machala, la cual cursó con alteraciones en los exámenes de laboratorio, y que fue tratada de manera exitosa en la mencionada casa de salud.Palabras clave:Desprendimiento placentario, útero de Couvelaire, HELLP. ABSTRACTCouvelaire's uterus, or uteroplacental apoplexy, an exceptional clinical condition in modern obstetrics consisting of hematic infiltration of the uterine myometrium due to the formation of a massive retroplacental hematoma that cannot find its way out into the vaginal cavity and constitutes one of the most Severe cases of placental abruption, defined as partial or complete separation of a normally inserted placenta prior to the onset of labor. It occurs in 0.5-2% of all births, and of these, 50% of cases are accompanied by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, associated with high perinatal maternal morbidity and mortality. There are different risk factors associated with placental abruption, among which the following stand out: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which continue to be an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, mainly secondary to cerebral hemorrhages, perinatal mortality due to prematurity, growth restriction intrauterine (IUGR), and abruptio placentae. The etiology is not defined, and its diagnosis is fundamentally based on clinical manifestations. A case of a pregnant woman with a Couvelaire uterus in the context of a HELLP syndrome is presented, at the Teófilo Dávila hospital in the city of Machala, which presented with alterations in the laboratory tests, and was successfully treated in the hospital. aforementioned health home.Keywords:Placental abruption, Couvelaire’s uterus, HELLP. 

Se fundamenta la importancia de la actividad física sistemática para el mejoramiento de la salud en los adultos mayores, permitiendo llegar a la longevidad con una mejor capacidad física y funcional y resolver el problema científico, ¿Cómo potenciar la ejercitación física y recreativa sistemática de los adultos mayores en la comunidad? El objetivo propuesto estuvo encaminado a la evaluación de la motricidad y la capacidad funcional antes y después de aplicado el programa de actividad física propuesto. Se utilizó un muestreo intencionado seleccionando a 50 adultos mayores que representan el 71% de la población, todos están integrados a los círculos de abuelos. Se propone y aplica un programa de ejercicios físicos –recreativos durante tres meses con una frecuencia clases de tres veces a la semana y los fines de semana las actividades recreativas, conjuntamente se incluyeron charlas educativas sobre educación para la salud en coordinación con el médico y la enfermera de la comunidad. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la capacidad aeróbica (Vo2 Max relativo ml/kg/ min, y en la motricidad (P=0,001); los cambios en la frecuencia cardiaca y la recuperación fueron significativos en reposo, lográndose una reacción vagotónica entre la 1ra y la 2da medición (P=0,0001) igualmente la distancia recorrida fue mayor después de aplicado el programa, P=0,001. Las capacidades motrices de igual forma mejoraron significativamente en los dos sexos. Los resultados muestran los beneficios del programa aplicado a estos adultos mayores de la comunidad.Palabras clave: Capacidad funcional, motricidad, capacidad aeróbica, reacción vagotónica, ejercicios físicos, adulto mayor, actividad física recreativa. ABSTRACTIn this scientific report underlying the importance of systematic physical activity to improve health in older adults. We present the factors that characterize the quality of life and the interrelationships between them, and the physical exercises lead to the longevity with improved physical and functional capacity, providing better health. Is proposed and implemented a program of physical exercise and recreational for three months with a frequency classes three times a week and weekend recreational activities together included educational talks on health education in coordination with the physician and community nurse. Orient the elements to be considered in the development of physical and functional capabilities. The proposed target was aimed at evaluating the motor and functional capacity before and after application of the proposed physical activity program. There were significant differences in aerobic capacity (Vo2 Max on ml / kg / min, and motility (P = 0.001), changes in heart rate and recovery was significant at rest, obtaining a reaction between the 1st and vagotonic 2nd measurement (P = 0.0001) also the distance travelled was greater after application of the program, P = 0.001. The motor skills were significantly improved equally in both sexes. The results show the benefits of the program applied to these adults' communityKeywords:ability, motor skills, aerobic capacity, vagotonic reaction, physical exercises, recreational activity physical, older adults.

El presente trabajo de investigación es un avance que busca desarrollar un instrumento de medición de la percepción de los beneficiaros de los proyectos de Servicio Social de los estudiantes del Centro Regional Universitario de Coclé de la Universidad de Panamá. Aplicamos un diseño observacional, prospectivo, transversal, de tipo descriptivo. Como técnica de recolección de datos se elaboró una escala con ítems relacionados a los objetivos del Servicio Social de la Universidad de Panamá, aprobados en Consejo Académico del 2010. Se obtuvo una validez de contenido del 0.73 de acuerdo con el juicio de cinco expertos. Posteriormente, se determinará la fiabilidad a través del Alfa de Cronbach.Palabras clave:Validación, servicio social, percepción, beneficiarios. ABSTRACTThis research work is an advance that seeks to develop an instrument for measuring the perception of the beneficiaries of the Social Service projects of the students of the Regional University Center of Coclé of the University of Panama. We applied an observational, prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive design. As a data collection technique, a scale was developed with items related to the objectives of the Social Service of the University of Panama, approved by the 2010 Academic Council. A content validity of 0.73 was obtained according to the judgment of five experts. Subsequently, the reliability will be determined through Cronbach's Alpha.Keywords:Validation, Social Service, perception, beneficiaries. 

El recurso de apelación en contravenciones de tránsito puede ser controversial dentro de las sentencias condenatorias con penas privativas de libertad menores a 15 días; ya que se vuelve difícil determinar si este recurso podrá ser subsanado en menor tiempo al que le corresponde a la sentencia y de no ser así no podría considerarse que tiene una efectividad en sí mismo, ya que el objeto de este recurso es poder liberar al procesado de tener que pasar tiempo en prisión. En el presente artículo lo que se espera es poder determinar si existen vías por la parte judicial, para que el recurso de apelación surta efecto sobre la privación de libertad del procesado, en el caso de ser aceptado o que otros mecanismos se podrían implementar, para que la persona condenada por una supuesta infracción pueda defenderse y no cumplir una pena impuesta cuando es considerada que se puede implementar una medida sustitutiva como el trabajo comunitario en la justicia ordinaria. Se realiza un análisis doctrinario y también jurisprudencial acerca de cómo debería tramitarse los recursos de apelación en materia de tránsito, sobre todo en contravenciones con pena privativa de libertad para evitar que personas inocentes estén privadas de la libertad y personas culpables puedan evadir las disposiciones judiciales a través de mecanismos que se usan a diario.Palabras clave: Recurso de apelación, contravenciones de tránsito, pena privativa de libertad. ABSTRACTThe appeal in traffic violations can be controversial, within convictions with custodial sentences of less than 15 days; since it becomes difficult to determine if this resource can be corrected in less time than the one that corresponds to the sentence and if not, it could not be considered that it has an effectiveness in itself, since the object of this resource is to be able to release the defendant of having to spend time in prison. In this article, what is expected is to be able to determine if there are ways through the judicial party, so that the appeal takes effect on the deprivation of liberty of the accused, in the case of being accepted or that other mechanisms could be implemented, to that the person convicted of an alleged infraction can defend himself and not serve an imposed sentence when it is considered that a substitute measure such as community work or ordinary justice can be implemented. A doctrinal and jurisprudential analysis is carried out on how traffic appeals should be processed, especially in violations with a custodial sentence to prevent innocent people from being deprived of their liberty and guilty people from being able to evade judicial provisions. through mechanisms that are used daily.Keywords: Appeal, traffic violations, imprisonment.