Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Through an analysis of the Mexican press from the 1840s to the 1860s, this article shows that Afro-descendants, slavery and abolition continued to be issues of public interest after independence. The discussion of these issues in contemporary newspapers had the political purpose of contributing to the construction of identities related to citizenship and, at the macro level, to the creation of a regional and transnational historical memory. By using the press as a primary source, this article reveals the ways in which Mexico intervened in debates on slavery and its abolition in the contemporary Atlantic world while highlighting the contribution of Mexican periodicals to the construction of the ideas of Hispanic America and Latin America. Through its analysis, this article contributes to the historiographic discussion on the presence of slavery and Afro-descendants in Mexico, expanding the period studied from the well-understood colonial era to the republican era.

The causes of the Paraguay War or the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870) have been debated ever since its conclusion and remain controversial among historians to this day. This article analyzes the relationship between the Brazilian political situation and the process of abolishing slavery in Uruguay between the 1840s and 1860s, arguing that the presence of Brazilian slaves and slaveowners in Uruguay affected the international relations of the countries of the Río de la Plata region in the 19th Century, making an essential contribution to the tensions that led to the outbreak of war. Beyond this argument, by using documents and methods typical of traditional political history and social history, it also defends the relevance of the study of international relations through a social history perspective by showing that cross-border migratory phenomena involving runaway slaves, the violence of military and militia recruitment in Uruguay and Brazil and attacks on communities of freedmen had an important international dimension that must be understood in order to comprehend the origins of the Paraguay War.

The abolitionist project, which was foundational to the creation of the Republic of Colombia in 1921, was cut short by the interests of the slaveowning class, particularly those whose economic power was derived from gold mining in the Pacific Coast province of Popayán. In the 1840s, when the country had fragmented and Popayán formed part of New Granada, these elites convinced the government to reopen the slave trade, exporting large numbers of slaves and freedmen to Peru and Panama. This article analyzes the activism of slaveowners from 1822 up through the opening of the slave trade in the Pacific port of Buenaventura. It argues that the struggles to permit or abolish slavery did not lead to linear results and that they played a role in state formation in two dimensions: regional tensions and international alliances. It also intervenes in the debate on the abolition of slavery in the Atlantic world by expanding the frontier of its analysis towards the Pacific, while showing how the new republics of the Andean world formed part of a network of ideas and trade that connected North and South America. In this sense, the history of the abolition of slavery in Colombia, seen in a wider context, speaks to the way in which republican economic and political projects, as well as the history of the forced migrations of Afro-descendants in the region, should be framed transnationally.

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Objetive: to determine the association between adherence to the diet and nutritional education in patients with dialysis treatment. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on dialysis treatment ≥6 months, who have previously received nutritional education. The State of Nutrition was evaluated by means of the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), skinfolds (tricipital and subescapular), dry weight and height (according to the parameters established by the International Society for Advances of Kinanthropometry); nutritional knowledge and adherence through the Knowledge and Adherence to The Therapeutic Regimen Survey; quality of life through the KDQOL-SF ™ instrument. Results: 85 patients were included, 46 (54%) men and 39 (46%) women with an average age of 42 ± 17 years and a mean time with dialysis treatment 3 ± 1.96 years. 58% of the patients did not have adherence to the diet. However, 89% of patients adhered to the sodium restriction recommendation, while 59% adhered to fluid intake. According to the VGS, 58% of the patients presented mild/moderate malnutrition, however, 71% had average fat according to the sum of the skinfolds and 67% presented a normal nutritional status determined by Body Mass Index (BMI). Conclusions: no significant difference in adherence to dietary treatment was observed in those patients who have nutritional knowledge compared to those who do not.

Objective: this descriptive investigation makes an analysis of different school environment factors associated with nutritional status, specifically overweight and obesity, of students enrolled in ten public schools in La Union de Cartago, Costa Rica, during 2015-2016. Methodology: The study determinates the nutritional status and characteristics of the lifestyle of 1268 children. Also snacks taken by students, school meals and food sales within schools were evaluated. In addition, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to locate food points of sale and recreation areas within a radius of 400 m around the schools. Results: 35% of the children were overweight. Foods from snacks and those sold inside and outside of schools provide high amounts of energy and low nutritional value. Regarding meals provided in the school’s cafeteria, the portion sizes were not adequate, and an excess of foods containing carbohydrate was served. 47% of the children played electronic games more than three times a week, 65% did not participate in sports activities and there was a lack of physical education classes. Only three schools had recreation areas available and their surroundings in good condition. Conclusion: several factors of the school environment belonging to the microsystem promote overfeeding and sedentary lifestyle, which could be contributing to excess bodyweight in children’s population.

Objective: This study explores varying dimensions in addressing violence against women (VAW) and identifies both barriers and facilitators in addressing violence against women (VAW) with perspective of health professional of two different contexts: Catalonia and Costa Rica. Methodology:  it is a qualitative study that was realized by conducting sixteen interviews with professionals from different areas of health and from different fields related to the health sector, all with an expertise in VAW.  Results: Show six dimensions that include aspects that function as barriers and facilitators. Our findings indicate common barriers, a lack in consolidation of activities in promotion of prevention of VAW.  About facilitators: a shared inter-institutional framework, the recognition of a professional network, the reflection of health paradigms, violence and gender in the care model, the deconstruction of learned practices in one's own formation, and the role of personal interests and motivations in the execution of a professional role and, the self-care of professional working. Conclusion: The knowledge of the barriers and facilitators from a health activity can be useful in decision making for managers, planners, and health professionals as they address VAW in the health field, common, inter-institutional framework that permits recognition of a professional network, and, in this way, constitutes a support system. Activities promoting and preventing VAW have been identified as pending efforts in diminishing VAW.

Objective: to analyze the continuity or change in feeding practices and their relationship with health among migrant farm workers who go from southern Mexico to Sonora. Methods: qualitative study through in-depth interviews with 21 male and female migrants (10 seated and 11 pendulous) about changes in feeding practices when migrating from rural areas of the Mexican southeast to the Miguel Alemán, Sonora. Results: There was a decrease in self-consumption practices and the increase in the consumption of industrialized foods was reinforced, which is related to the material conditions of life such as the economic and environmental difficulties to access food of cultural preference, as well as the long working hours that change the moments and spaces to eat. The change in eating practices is related between pendulous migrants with weight loss and gastrointestinal problems, while settled migrants report problems such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease and lower perceived quality of life. Conclusions: there is a contradiction between the ideals of food and feeding practices, since the relationship between industrialized foods and certain diseases is identified, but the material life conditions allow new patterns of consumption, despite knowing the effect on health.

Objective: was to relate the desired body image with the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption in a sample of adolescents from San Cristóbal, Artemisa. Material and Methods: An analytical and transversal observational study was carried out, with 365 adolescents from 12 to 19 years old, selected by simple random sampling. Body Silhouettes Test and Semi-quantitative Consumption Frequency for fruits and vegetables were applied. The Spearman correlation coefficient was determined with IBM SPSS.21. Significance was established below 0.05. Results: 52.3% had excess body weight (overweight or obesity), 31.5% corresponded to the female gender. Females were perceived as overweight (81.7%), and they wanted images of adequate weight (72.8%). Males were perceived with adequate weight (50%) and slight thinness (40.2%), and they wanted images within the thinness (90.2%). The highest consumption of fruits and vegetables was 2 to 3 days after week. The correlation between the desired body image and fruit and vegetable consumption was significant for vegetables (rs = -0.533, p = 0.013), but not for fruits (rs = 0.186, p = 0.420). Conclusions: A desired body image within BMI categories that tend to thinness is moderately associated with a higher consumption of vegetables, but not fruit, which may be influenced by the low consumption in the sample studied.

Introduction: Artisanal gold mining is an economic activity that is done primarily in low-income countries. During this activity, mercury is used for the recovery of gold, which has various ways of affecting human health, especially by inhalation of mercury vapor. Aim: describe the mechanisms of exposure to mercury from people working in artisanal mining of gold, on the boards of Abangares, Costa Rica, 2015-2016. Materials and methods: A questionnaire was applied to learn about risk factors. In addition, a checklist was used to observe the process of artisanal gold mining. Finally, it was made the measurement of atmospheric mercury concentrations in the workplace to learn the limits of mercury to which people were exposed. Results: The measurements indicated that release of mercury vapor is generated during the burning process, and the personal protective equipment was not suitable during the conduct of mining activity. There are risk factors that increase the risk of mercury poisoning. Conclusions: the participants who work in artisanal gold mining use technology that does not have the necessary requirements to minimize their risks, especially the retort and its function to prevent the escape of mercury.