Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This investigation work was designed for the calculation of stars' center-polar axes centers of turns, studying and analyzing the movements and certain stars' behaviors. For this work you design a method of numeric analysis of I calculate of stars for a position of coordinated of n data (I center of turn), and designing for it a program seudocodigo stops then to elaborate their denominated corresponding software STAR CENTER, software that is used in field of the Observational astronomy with the use of a professional telescope Takajashi 1.30mts and 15cm of lens; cameras CCDST7, digital cameras Coolpix, cameras with movies. The designed software has the easiness of being compatible with most of files of images: jpg, bmp, gif. Their use is important to know the center of stars' turn and this way to determine its possible positions and coordinated, as well as the determination of the polar axis, the numeric analysis is based in right of adjustments, infinitesimal analysis, programming structured with a presentation of simple platform for the understanding of the same one.

Objective: To determine the existence of environmental contamination by mining in Piura. Material and Methods: A descriptive, transversal, observational study, using papers and publications on the subject nationally and abroad. Triangulation was conducted of all the theoretical and empirical. Results: We found evidence of contamination in air, soil and water with products such as cyanide and mercury. Informal mining (which produces 24 tons. of gold per year). The problem becomes uncontrollable by widespread ignorance of the localities where they practice and lack of environmental impact studies, which generate little development of these communities. There are areas of illegal activity in Amazonas, Loreto, Ucayali, Loreto, Puno, Huánuco, Ica, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cusco, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura, Lima, Pasco, Tacna and Moquegua. Conclusion: There contamination soil, air, water, land subsidence, noise and vibration, waste and wastewater, acid rock drainage (ARD) that generates acid waters with metal sulfates, risk of failure of tailings deposits, sediment erosion of tailings, precipitated Fe (OH) 3. Presence of environmental liabilities. In the mining industry in Peru is developing environmental consciousness of the great mining, but not in the small and artisanal mining, environmental impacts are known with a partial diagnosis of environmental liabilities. It was evident that among the metals that exceed allowable limits according to international standards in the Piura river, are: Ba, Cr, Al, Cd, Ca, Fe, Hg, Ir, Mg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr., Te, Ti, V, W, Zn, Zr.

The epithelial tumour microenvironment is a complex tissue comprising variable numbers of tumour cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and infiltrating leucocytes. Cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases are key molecules controlling autocrine or paracrine communications within and between these individual cell types. Under some circumstances, endogenous cytokines may orchestrate host responses against the tumour, but there is increasing evidence that the cytokine network contributes to tumour growth, progression and host immuno-suppression. In addition, breast cancer progression is associated with and dependent upon robust neovascularization. It is becoming clear that tumour-associated „normal‟ cells, such as immune/inflammatory cells, endothelial cells and stromal cells, conspire with cancer cells in promoting this process. In this review we outline some of the actions of endogenous inflammatory cytokines and other molecules in tumor microenvironment over metastatic and invasive behavior of the breast carcinoma. A better understanding of these various cellular and molecular constituents of breast cancer microenvironment may be useful in designing more effective therapies.

This paper presents eight services of Intelligent Transportation Systems modified to fit a developing city in a motorization process, to improve transit attractiveness over auto and taxi, and thus reducing congestion and pollution.

Se buscó determinar la eficacia de los organizadores dinámicos del conocimiento en el desarrollo de capacidades cognitivas en el Nivel Universitario. Se dictaron tres talleres a doscientos cuatro participantes, en los cuales se evaluó el grado de aceptación y los niveles de aprendizaje, respecto a la técnica desarrollada.Fue de nivel cuasi experimental con un solo grupo con pre y post test. Cada taller consistió en el uso de dinámicas y juegos realizados en base al uso didáctico (kirigami) del papel con aplicación en el nivel universitario. Se tuvo el cuidado de tocar temas de interés para cada especialidad. Como objetivo, buscamos desarrollar alternativas metodólogicas para el uso de los organizadores dinámicos del conocimiento como material educativo y de capacitación para todas las áreas de desarrollo, con énfasis en el área de comunicación. Se manejó como hipótesis: “El uso de los organizadores dinámicos del conocimiento desarrolla significativamente las capacidades comunicativas de los estudiantes y profesionales del nivel superior”.Como conclusión podemos afirmar al 95 % de confianza que el uso de los organizadores dinámicos del conocimiento influye en el aprendizaje de los alumnos del nivel universitario, especialmente en las capacidades comunicativas.

The purpose of this project was to apply the ISO 10705 – 1: 1995 standard method to determine whether the mussel (Aulacomya ater) is a mollusk that is free of viral pathogens at the time it is sold to the public at the Lima fishing ports and some wholesale fresh food markets. As samples we used the mussel viscera and mantle. The methodology employed was the one recommended by the ISO 10705-1:1995 standard, which consisted in the preparation of the master culture and working culture of the strain hosting the Salmonella typhimurium WG49, the detection and enumeration of the strain F+ specific RNA bacteriophages The bacteriophage was detected only in the samples obtained at the Ventanilla fishing port, showing that the concentration in the viscera (6000 to 10000 pfu) was higher than in the mantle (800 to 1400 pfu).

The scientific research contributes with the development of the countries. In ours the young people who are interested in investigating are disturbed by the variety of methods that have appeared in the last years. In numerous books on methodology of the investigation, almost there is no similarity among them; the majority displays new terminology. There are institutions of superior education that dictate courses of scientific research complemented to an investigation seminary that implies several semesters of study. Each university has its own regulation by the autonomy, in some cases each Faculty; in the young people interested in investigating confusion takes place. The thesis projects delay months in being approved. One has verified by means of interviews, conversations, congresses, seminaries and encounter with students, that the return to the simple and natural investigation is giving positive fruits as much to scholastic level, university and professional. When the college students verified that to design a project, to develop it and to write the report in simple form is effective, more were interested in the scientific research. The students have verified that the investigators like Julio C. Tello, Honorio Delgado, Luis Pasteur, the Curie spouses, and Aristóteles too, investigated without the terminology and present rules; their works are considered investigation models.

Neospora caninum is a parasite identified as a major cause of abortion in cattle and neurological disease in various animal species. It is closely related to Toxoplasma gondii, sharing the ability to persist indefinitely in latent stage within the host as a tissue cyst containing slow-dividing bradyzoites. Here we compared different stress methods to induce in vitro bradyzoite conversion, using MARC-145 cells infected with Nc-Liverpool isolate. The tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite conversion rate was monitored at days 3, 5, and 7 post-stress in a double immunofluorescence assay using a mAb against the tachyzoite antigen SAG1 (aSAG1) and a rabbit serum directed to the intracytoplasmatic bradyzoite antigen BAG1 (aBAG1). Seven-day treatment with sodium nitroprusside 70 µM, offered the highest bradyzoite transformation rate and the best yield of total parasitophorous vacuoles observed. In the present work, we introduce an alternative, simplified and more advantageous method for bradyzoite production of N. caninum, using a reliable cell culture system easy to handle and with promising capacity of parasite purification.

The human clonation is product of the technological scientific development that the humanity has reached, but seen the possibility, that in her application this new technology of the life, it can attempt against the human person and her dignity, its becomes necessary her regulation, through a Juridical-Ethical Statute whose principles and basic norms, be born of a study multidisciplinary of three basic sciences: Biology, Ethics and Right. It is not a limitation to the scientific investigation, but of establishing controls to the same one, leaving of the idea that the politicians and the principles don't impact on the discovery but it has more than enough their diffusion, don't have more than enough the innovation but it has more than enough their application; and that the science freedom and investigation is not absolute, it is regulated by the Law; contents that give origin to a new vision of the Right: THE BIODERECHO.

This paper presents the development of a hybrid system based on Genetic Algorithms, Neural Networks and the GARCH model for the selection of stocks and the management of investment portfolios. The hybrid system comprises four modules: a genetic algorithm for selecting the assets that will form the investment portfolio, the GARCH model for forecasting stock volatility, a neural network for predicting asset returns for the portfolio, and another genetic algorithm for determining the optimal weights for each asset. Portfolio management has consisted of weekly updates over a period of 49 weeks.