Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Background: Webbed penis is a congenital or acquired abnormality, in which   the scrotal skin extends to the ventral base of the penis. Symptomatology is not usually severe in pediatric patients, but the pathology can cause great discomfort in the adult. Accurate classification is essential for planning its correction at the time it is detected. Objective: The present article describes a new classification for webbed penis, modifying the previous one, and completely changing the perspective of that pathology, adding a variety of abnormal folds to the most accepted classification. This new classification will aid in the selection of specific surgical techniques. Patients and methods: The El-Koutby and El Gohary classification for webbed penis was analyzed and modified, based on its anatomic description and information on the pathology from different studies. A variant seen in a case at our hospital was added to the classification. Results: A new classification was formulated that cover abnormalities that appear with webbed penis and are important for surgical planning. The concept of a webbed penis, as translated into Spanish, was changed for that of penile folds, and the variant seen in our patient was also included. Conclusion: Given the ambiguity of the term and the multiple synonyms for webbed penis, the change in nomenclature to include penoscrotal and pubopenile folds among the penile folds, is considered more adequate. The modified classification also facilitates surgical technique selection in those patients.

Penetrating bladder trauma rarely presents in an isolated manner, and statistically, is uncommon. It is a management challenge because it can be overlooked in the initial evaluation and its therapeutic approach is still being defined. In addition, it is the cause of complications, such as sepsis, infections, and fistulas, increasing the morbidity and mortality in patients that generally present with other concomitant injuries. Trauma as the cause of disease is a public health problem in developing countries and occurs more frequently in young male adults, resulting in their disability. As a rule, penetrating bladder injury of the intraperitoneal wall should be surgically repaired, but conservative management can be an option in a group of well-selected patients.

Objective: To evaluate the rate of early detection of transition zone prostate cancer through transurethral resection of the prostate (turp) in patients suspected of having cancer, with or without a negative transrectal biopsy of the prostate (trbp). Materials and methods: A retrospective and cross-sectional study evaluated the efficacy of turp in the early detection of transition zone prostate cancer. The analysis included male patients over 40 years of age that sought medical attention due to lower urinary tract symptoms, elevated prostate-specific antigen, normal digital rectal examination, and negative trbp, as urology consultation outpatients at the Hospital General de México. Results: In the group of patients at high risk for prostate cancer that underwent trbp, 121 (96.03%) had a negative prostate cancer diagnosis after turp. Another 5 (3.97%) patients had a positive prostate cancer diagnosis after turp, even though the previous transrectal biopsy was negative. Two patients (40%) had a Gleason score of 6, and one patient (20%) had a Gleason score of 7, one patient (20%) had a score of 9, and one patient (20%) had a score of 10. In the group of patients at low risk for prostate cancer that were not candidates for trbp, but that presented with lower urinary tract symptoms, 111 (88.09%) had a negative prostate cancer diagnosis after turp. An additional 15 (11.91%) had a positive prostate cancer diagnosis after turp, 7 (46.7%) of whom had a Gleason score of 7, 3 (20%) had a Gleason score of 6,  3 (20%) had a score of 9, one (6.7%) had a score of 8, and one (6.7%) had a score of 10. Conclusions: Patients detected with prostate cancer through turp represent a diverse group in whom the procedure can be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Our study showed it to be a useful diagnostic tool that can improve prostate cancer detection in isolated and specific cases. However, it should be emphasized that turp alone, performed solely for diagnostic purposes, is not recommended.

Introduction: Bladder endocervicosis is a rare benign pathology that may be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of bladder cancer. It normally appears like a bladder mass in young women (sometimes related to other pathologies such as endometriosis or endosalpingiosis, globally known as müllerianosis) or in older women with previous gynaecological surgeries like caesarean section or hysterectomy. Its clinical presentation is very unspecific and it is usually diagnosed incidentally in anatomopathological studies after surgical resection of the lesion. Case Report: We present a clinical case report of a 32 years old woman with non-specific urinary symptoms and a bladder mass, histologically compatible with endocervicosis. She also presents endometriosis in pelvic resonance imaging. In addition, we make a revision of the literature. Discussion: Even though the rarity of this pathology, we should have it in mind in the differential diagnosis of bladder masses in women, and confirm its diagnosis anatomopathologically. Its treatment is based on the complete excision of the lesion both endourologically by bladder transurethral resection or performing partial cystectomy. This way, we can solve the symptoms without having been described recurrence nor malignancy after a follow-up period of more than 10 years.

Objective: To describe the epidemiologic characteristics of patients hospitalized due to urolithiasis in the State of Yucatán, Mexico, compared with official state and national references. Methodological design: A retrospective, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. It included the hospitalizations due to urolithiasis in the public health sector, within the time frame of 2014 to 2016 in Yucatán, comparing them with the official state and national references through hypothesis contrast tests for independent samples adjusted to population size. Results: A total of 1078 hospitalizations due to urolithiasis in Yucatán were registered and 52.8% corresponded to male patients. The mean age at hospitalization was significantly lower in the female patients at both the state and national levels. The prevalence of obesity in the hospitalized patients was 33.33, which was not statistically different from that reported by the state. The number of hospitalizations of patients residing in the capital was significantly lower than expected (31.9 versus 52.9). Limitations: The present study was restricted to public health sector hospitalization data, and therefore, private sector registers were excluded. Originality and value: The present analysis is the first epidemiologic study to compare and evaluate the epidemiologic factors of the registered cases of hospitalizations due to urolithiasis in the State of Yucatán. Conclusions: There was a higher number of hospitalizations in the State of Yucatán than those registered nationally, resulting in the highest hospitalization rate in the country. Prevalence was slightly higher in men, whereas age was lower in women. The prevalence of obesity and the number of hospitalized patients of Mayan ancestry did not differ from the state registers. The number of hospitalized patients residing in the capital was lower than expected.

Abstract: Description of the clinical case: We present the case of a 44-year-old male, with a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, of the germinal center type, metastatic to the testis and bladder. He presented with edema and lower limb pain, urinary retention and acute renal injury. A retroperitoneal lymph node conglomerate was found on admission tomography, and altered serum tumor markers. A testicular doppler ultrasound was performed, although the genital physical examination was normal, finding a testicular tumor. It led to radical orchiectomy, and at the same time surgical, endoscopic urinary diversion with JJ catheters, and a bladder neoplastic involvement was evidenced. Histological reports of testis and bladder reported poorly differentiated malignant tumor of probable metastatic origin, and immuno-histochemistry reported diffuse large B-cell germs of the germinal center type. Relevance: Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are the main causes of secondary lymphoma of the testis and bladder. Clinical implications: In young male patients with retroperitoneal masses, as in the case of large B-cell lymphoma, it is important to consider the secondary involvement of the testis and bladder. Conclusion: the secondary involvement of the testis and bladder corresponds to an unusual presentation of this type of lymphoma. The case was reported with the objective of considering the diagnosis in young male patients with retroperitoneal masses.

Social networks are some of the basic tools utilized by the Knowledge society, especially by the youngest population, such that some people have begun to label the new generations as the “mute generation”, as their personal connections are made mainly through the written text in social networks. Such presence in society has also resulted in the exponential growth in training environments, where centres have included it not only in administrative and information tasks and information for the family, but the teachers have also utilized them as tools and instruments for broadcasting information and for creating collaborative work environments. This use has been promoted by the spread of mobile devices among students and the presence of wireless networks in education centres. However, when dealing with this presence, their addition to education has suffered from the problem of counting with research studies that provide us with models and “Good practices” for their use. At the same time, some handicaps have also been found, such as the negative view given to them or to their use by the students as well as the teachers, as well as the social view that in a given moment they could have outside of the education sphere, the null or scarce security given to users if privacy is not configured properly, some addiction risks or problematic use of the networks, or the lack of control about what has been written or uploaded. These are some of the aspects that are analysed in this monograph.

This article examines the relationship between the decision to stay or drop out of university and the immediate academic performance. This follows the pattern of geographic dispersion of student population, which is one of the main strengths of distance education. The information, the basis of the research, corresponds to a cohort of students enrolled in a distance learning degree program of the Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja (UTPL). Using statistical and econometric techniques - mainly multilevel probability models - it was possible to determine that there is a positive effect of the immediate academic performance in the decision that the students take to stay in the studies. This pattern of behavior was maintained in all the support centers of UTPL has, regardless of its size and distance from the headquarters; that is, the geographical dispersion of the student's enrollment center or place of residence is not a factor that influences the decisions it makes. The aversion to loss is the main factor explaining the behavior, the fact of not being efficient generates a direct and immediate effect, as it is natural, it does not find meaning in its permanence since it has not been properly integrated. 

The perception of health covers fisical and emotional points it also covers well-being and satisfaction with its own life, as well as its level is related to the adoption of a healthy behavior.This study aims to evaluate the predictive power of occupational and psychosocial stressors for the self-assessment of general health in teachers working in distance education and to verify if there are differences in the predictions between teachers and tutors. The non-probalistic sample consisted of 158 teachers and 152 tutors working in distance education. A questionnaire was used to obtain data on self-assessment of general health, evaluation of occupational stressors. A scale for assessing psychosocial stressors in the work context was also used. The results, obtained through multiple linear regression analysis, indicated the following burnout predictive variables: in teachers, their work load, the way work is organized and the pressure of the level of responsibility; in tutors, the work-family balance, the overload of roles and the relationship with the immediate supervisor. The results indicate specificities in the explanatory variables regarding the self-assessment of tutors and teachers.

The skill to take part in and to contribute to debates is important for informal and formal learning. Especially when addressing highly complex issues, it can be difficult to support learners participating in effective group discussion, and to stay abreast of all the information collectively generated during the discussion. Technology can help with the engagement and sensemaking of such large debates, for example, it can monitor how healthy a debate is and provide indicators of participation's distribution. A special framework that aims at harnessing the intelligence of - small to very large – groups with the support of structured discourse and argumentation tools is Contested Collective Intelligence (CCI). CCI tools provide a rich source of semantic data that, if appropriately processed, can generate powerful analytics of the online discourse. This study presents a visualisation dashboard with several visual analytics that show important aspects of online debates that have been facilitated by CCI discussion tools. The dashboard was designed to improve sensemaking and participation in online debates and has been evaluated with two studies, a lab experiment and a field study in the context of two Higher Education institutes. The paper reports findings of a usability evaluation of the visualisation dashboard. The descriptive findings suggest that participants with little experience in using analytics visualisations were able to perform well on given tasks. This constitutes a promising result for the application of such visualisation technologies as discourse-centric learning analytics interfaces can help to support learners' engagement and sensemaking of complex online debates.