Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this research was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the virtual simulator program in the learning of elementary Physics in the inquiry competition through the scientific method to build knowledge in 5th year high school students. The approaches of Papert (1987), Díaz Forero (2012), Meza Cuba (2017), among others, were taken as a theoretical foundation. Methodologically, it is a research with a quantitative approach, quasi-experimental and applied design, the population analyzed was made up of students in the 5th year of high school from the 10 best private schools in Chiclayo, selecting with non-probabilistic sampling, for convenience, 50 students who took Elementary Physics course. The experimental group (GE) consisted of 24 students and the control group (GC) of 22 students. The results determined that the applications of the virtual simulators caused a significant effect on the learning of the elementary physics course in the inquiry competence through the scientific method. For the contrasting of hypotheses, the Mann-Whitney U test was used, which yielded a value U = 73,000, (p_ value = 0.000<0.05) for the control group and U=82,500 (p_value=0.000<0.05) for the experimental group. It was concluded that the GE students obtained better results after the application of virtual simulators. The virtual simulator program to improve learning in the elementary physics course involves two fundamental learning theories such as Seymour Papert's constructionism and Burrhus Frederic Skinner's behaviorism.

In times of pandemic, educational institutions were forced to make adjustments in their management in order to direct the development of academic, research, linkage or extension processes and even administrative and support processes. Once the pandemic is over, it is essential to have a positive and healthy organizational climate in the institutions, as well as to have an organizational culture that provides confidence, security, and stability in the educational agents, especially in the teachers, who are close to the students and are key actors in their academic growth and the achievement of the goals set. In this context, the objective of the research was to analyze the organizational culture from the teachers' perspective in the initial educational institution "Stella Maris," Peru. The research was developed through the qualitative approach, naturalistic paradigm, with a phenomenological and hermeneutic design, as an instrument of data collection, was the interview guide, administered in depth to teachers through a focus group of experts. The findings show that the organizational culture in the institution studied was strengthened in times of pandemic, and according to teachers' perception, it is positive at all levels studied, constituting an important foundation in the entity. The development of organizational culture provides a solid foundation that offers a harmonious work environment and efficient performance in the educational institution.

This text reflects on forced disappearance as a social manifestation of violence in Sinaloa (Mexico) based on the actions of the Las Rastreadoras de El Fuerte collective. From there, the following specific objectives were developed: to present the experiences of the members of the Las Rastreadoras de El Fuerte collective; recognize its members, through their memories, as victims of violence in Sinaloa, and contribute to the knowledge of forced disappearance in Sinaloa. The theoretical-methodological perspective that was proposed for the study of forced disappearance and the search groups in the north of Sinaloa sought to achieve a correspondence between the concepts, methods, and empirical data, for which a qualitative investigation was proposed, through the approach by authors such as Jelin (2002), Ricoeur (2004) and Fals Borda (2009), among others. By way of conclusion, we can say that this research, it is exposed how violence moves from a social scenario, which is shown daily in our country, towards institutionalized violence, that is, that which is exercised by the military and police forces against the civilian population, as well as that violence carried out by organized crime organizations.

Tourism in rural areas has differentiating characteristics that make it conducive to the development of communities. These potentialities from the gender perspective would allow to overcome the social asymmetries of rural women and achieve the full development of their capacities through articulating projects. This is more valid in Latin America and the Caribbean, the most unequal region in the world and where tourism in rural areas stands as an opportunity for growth and local development. The study's objective was to establish the foundations of the articulations between community development, tourism in rural areas, and gender in Latin America and the Caribbean. The study was classified as descriptive with theoretical contribution. To obtain results, theoretical and empirical methods were applied, fundamentally the classic documentary analysis. The existing contradictions in community development in Latin America and the Caribbean focused on tourism in rural areas and from a gender perspective were identified. It was concluded that the interactions between local development and tourism in rural areas with a gender approach could be more sustainable from the perspective of community self-development. The importance of gender mainstreaming in community development projects emerges as one of the elements that allow the development of the collective subject in an integral manner. One of the biggest challenges of local development is precisely the articulation between its dimensions in the symbolic construction that alludes to the set of sociocultural attributes that is made difficult by gender issues.

In recent times, branding has become a timely strategy for the management, development, and positioning of companies in the market; its purpose is to create conscious and unconscious connections in people in order to influence their purchasing decisions. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between branding and the purchase decision in customers of a gastronomic company - Peru. The research was applied to and non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational. Two variables were used: branding, which was operationalized with the following indicators: history, name, graphic brand, personality, attributes, brand recognition, recall, customer-company link, trust in the brand, and the consumer's point of view. The purchase decision variable was operationalized with the following indicators: internal and external motivations, internal search, external search, price, quality, image, impulse purchase, level of preference, satisfaction, loyalty, and product recommendation. A questionnaire was used to measure both variables. The sample consisted of 146 customers, and a multivariate analysis was carried out to construct a perceptual map of brand attributes. It is concluded that there is a strong correlation of 0.866 in Spearman's test with a bilateral significance of 0.000 being less than 5% (p < 0.05); that is, branding is significantly related to the purchase decision in customers of a gastronomic company - Peru.

The purpose of the article is to carry out a bibliometric analysis of organizational performance, to recognize the main existing research topics, and establish future research challenges. The results, based on a sample of 960 articles, show that the number of papers and citations has grown steadily. The most productive and relevant journals, countries, institutions, and authors are presented using bibliometric performance indicators. The results of this research can be useful for both expert researchers and those who are new to this line of research. Likewise, these results highlight all the aspects involved in research on organizational performance, analyzing its temporal and methodological characterization, as well as the most prolific authors who have participated in its study, the reference journals, or the academic institutions that have led the scientific analysis of this business topic. Likewise, it has been possible to identify three main areas in which research on this line of research has focused: business, management, and accounting; economics, econometrics, and finance; and social sciences. In addition, a complete, synthesized, and organized summary of the different definitions, perspectives, and research trends is presented.

The municipality of León, Nicaragua is characterized by being a historic, colonial, university city, with natural and cultural diversity, and highly touristy. Tourism has represented opportunities to generate quality fixed investment in the city such as hotels, hostels, restaurants, cafes, among others, as well as new jobs and the dynamization of the local economy through the expenses made by visitors. This study analyzes the tourist demand in León, Nicaragua during the period 2015-2020. It is quantitative and analyzes data from the Tourist Information Office, which stands out as the reference site in the city when tourists look for information on the existing tourist offer. The results reflect a growing behavior of visitor influx and their expenses in the years 2015 to 2017. However, the socio-political events of 2018 and the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on this sector, reducing the influx to minimum values. The majority of visitors come from Europe, short stays of 1 to 3 days predominate, women tend to visit the city more frequently although the difference is not so marked compared to men, and the prevailing reason for visit is "tourism". Finally, the most demanded type of accommodation is hostels and the collective expense of the tourists interviewed by the OIT was $437,557.19 dollars in 2017, far above the estimated $20,264.78 dollars for the year 2020.

The notion of the national-popular is a fundamental theoretical construct to explain the "variegated societies" as René Zavaleta called the sociopolitical contexts of Latin America. Our theoretical intervention in this work consists in articulating the notion of the national-popular with the field of political science, particularly with a conceptual map that integrates the discussion of language, politics, and discourse. The objective is to incorporate the national-popular in the field of contemporary political science from the discursive dimension, which explains the constitution of popular political hegemonies in our societies. We emphasize that political science has a deep and rich intellectual tradition in which language is the central point of reflection for political analysis. We conclude that the national-popular is a notion fundamentally of a discursive and historical nature that can enrich the explanatory frameworks of political science that is made and practiced in Latin America.

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This research article has as  objective, to determine the perception of engineering students about multimodal reading and writing (multimodal literacy). The study has as theoretical and empirical references Fedorenko (2019), Gladic-Miralles and Cautin-Epifani (2018), Kress and Van Leeuwen (2001), O'Halloran (2012), Parodi (2017, 2020), among others. The mixed method was used, that is, the ex post facto design of the descriptive-correlational type, applying a Likert-type questionnaire to 415 students of the engineering area of both sexes and in parallel, two groups were carried out. The results show that the university students did not access formal-institutional multimodal literacy, but they have informal multimodal literacy, that is, they learned from personal practice with the interaction of multimodality in social networks, on the streets, in shopping centers and in University. However, informal multimodal literacy is insufficient to undertake the task of comprehension and production of multimodal texts since students show difficulties in producing or understanding multimodal discourses of a university or academic nature. These university students require multimodal literacy to produce and understand multisemiotic texts in their specialties. There is no doubt, then, that the knowledge acquired in informal multimodal literacy is not transferable to academic or scientific discourses. The importance that the university includes in its curricular structure, multimodality subjects, to guarantee equity in academic, scientific and professional teaching-learning is discussed.