Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

There is acceptance and establishment of methodological stereotypes by professionals at the University of Medical Sciences of Villa Clara, Cuba. This is due to theoretical ignorance about the interrelation of linguistics with the methodology of research in the conscious expression of scientifi c language. Th e situation has served as a motivation to these authors to reverse it through the design and development of a course aimed at these university students. The essence of the course lies in the linguistic explanation –applied linguistics–, linked to methodological stereotypes in scientifi c writing. However, in parallel with the teaching process, a study was conducted to perceive possible conceptual changes in students. Hence, the objective of: is research is to expose the experience and educational-research results inherent to the referred course. Methodologically, the heuristic proceedings of language teaching, as well as the literary analysis in the study of the language fi gured in diff erent styles were used for teaching. In the investigative process, the theoretical methods- synthesis and induction-deduction were used to obtain, process, and analyze the information. Empirical methods of observation and documentary review were also used, in order to obtain the primary data of the diagnosis, as well as the final data derived from the evaluation and of a survey applied when completing the course. The mathematical method of percentage analysis served to tabulate and process the information obtained. As for the results, a conceptual change in students may be found from the diagnosis; phase where these did not notice the relationship between methodological patterns and linguistic science. By completing the course, the students proved to be aware of that interrelation. Finally, the authors consider that the greatest significance of the course lies in the reflection, discussion, and analysis of facts sometimes unnoticed by the professionals of science; evidently, a marked purpose is to move static and dogmatic thought through reasons argued and shared, in this case, by the generality of the group.

This research develops a microbicidal aqueous paint to prevent infections on high-touch surfaces. Based on the experimental tests, two chemical formulations were proposed consisting of an acrylic latex resin, silicone resin, titanium oxide, zinc omazide, copper oxide nanoparticles and additives. Th e results showed that the formulation 2 paint presented good homogenization, gloss and stability, its average drying time is 30 min, it has adequate metal coating thickness (49.2 μm) and viscosity (60 s in Ford No. 4 cup), according to the standards ASTM D 1186 01 and ASTM D 1200, respectively; Based on these characteristics, it is considered to be of acceptable quality. Th e bioassays carried out with bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, 1884 and Escherichia coli (Escherich, 1885) by the incorporation method, showed that the two formulations have antifungal and antimicrobial properties. n determining the antifungal eff ect of environmental fungi such as Penicillium sp, Aspergillus sp. (fi lamentous fungi) and Rodotorula sp. (yeast) in formulation 1 up to the 1/106 dilution no growth is observed and in formulation 2 it did not grow until the last dilution that was used (1/1010). It is concluded that its use in the painting of high contact surfaces would be effi cient to avoid infections by bacteria suchas S. aureus and E. coli. In the toxicity test of the paint of both formulations, we can say that from 37 ug it inhibits 50% of cell growth, which we can deduce that there is an effect on prokaryotes such as bacteria. It is recommended to continue bioassays to expand their study with other bacteria, fungi and parasites.

Palliative care is used to solve suff ering, restore the dignity of the person, and satisfy human needs. Th e majority of patients with Chronic Heart Failure are of advanced age and are not susceptible to heart transplantation, despite being a syndrome with high lethality and poor prognosis, the lack of comprehensive and eff ective palliative care is evident in studies that describe the end of the lives of patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 158 patients, with the aim of describing the sociodemographic characteristics and human needs of the patients according to their responses when integrating palliative care into Nursing care, in Remedios, Cuba, from 2016 to 2020. Th ey predominated the group of the elderly from 70 to 79 years old and the fi gure of women, with medium technical level, marital status, widows, and religious beliefs. Among the most aff ected needs are physical symptoms, changes in emotions, inadequate family support, and communication.

The results obtained in environmental impact studies often do not present a quality and reliability database.} The high costs of installing instrumental monitoring equipment and the geographical extent of the study areas have not allowed a correct environmental assessment to be carried out. Th us, the application of lichens as bioindicators of atmospheric pollutants has emerged as a complementary option. Th e application of the Atmospheric Purity Index (IPA) protocol is the most widely used; however, there are currently more than twenty types of IPA which have been modifi ed from the original formula. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the theoretical aspects related to the application of the IPA methodology in diff erent contexts, to recommend the most widely used formula, easy application and standardization. As a result, it was defi ned that the protocol used by Crespo is the one with the highest frequency of application among the studies related to the use of lichens as bioindicators.

Estimado Editor, leyendo con detenimiento un interesante artículo de la revista Biotempo intitulado “La paloma, Columba livia (Gmelin, 1789): biología, deterioro estructural y principales enfermedades zoonóticas” (Ramos et al., 2021), sobre el mismo quisiera hacer algunas consideraciones. La toxoplasmosis es considerada la zoonosis de mayor expansión mundial, ya que su agente etiológico (parásito eurixéno o eurioíco) ha sido demostrado en humanos y en más de 363 especies de animales homeotermos, específi camente en 330 especies de mamíferos domésticos y salvajes, más 33 especies de aves de corral y silvestres (Pantoja & Pérez, 2001; Triolo & Traviezo, 2006; Zhang et al., 2018).

  The larval stage is a complex phase in aquaculture and living organisms are needed for the survival and development of the fish. The aim of the study was to describe the length of live-feeding suche (Trichomycterus rivalatus Valenciennes, 1846) in Lake Titicaca, Peru. The study was carried out in the prototype culture laboratory of the Fundación Titicaca Perú (FUNTI-PERU), Centro Poblado de Ichu, Puno. 900 pre-larvae of T. rivulatus were used as biological material, distributed in three experimental treatments with three replicates of 100 individuals each. The pre-larvae were obtained after 24 hours post-hatching that belonged to the same spawning. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were measured as physical-chemical parameters of water quality. Survival was evaluated before the consumption of the yolk sac, nauplii of Artemia salina and cladocerans. Total length was measured on the 5th day of hatching. The water temperature was 14°C, the dissolved oxygen was between 6.18-6.23 and the pH around 7.6. Survival was almost 100% and the greatest length was observed with A. salina feeding (8.5 > 8.0 mm), where there were statistically significant differences. It is concluded that the length of 8.5 mm in T. rivalatus during the pre-larval period requires that the physical-chemical experimental conditions with a temperature of 14°C, dissolved oxygen in the range 6.18-6.23 and pH around of 7.6 which will guarantee almost total survival, if the efficient feeding strategy is with artemia nauplii.  

The aim of the study was to refl ect on the statistical probability of contagion given the effi cacy of vaccines against COVID-19. The study was carried out in January and February 2022 where 250 articles were analyzed from the ScienceDirect database and which referred to the eff ectiveness of vaccines against COVID-19. Th e articles corresponded to the type: review, research, case report, discussion, and brief communications. Th e search keys referred to 1st) type of vaccines, 2nd) representative size of the sample, 3rd) confi dence intervals of uncertainty, 4th) type of parametric and nonparametric test, 5th) p-value threshold of statistical signifi cance, and 6th) conclusion’s act argument. Two populations of 100 people were considered under the administration of vaccine A: NT162b2 mRNA/Pfi zer-BioNTech and vaccine B: COVID-19 absorbed: inactivated/CoronaVac in the other population. A simultaneous vaccination program was assumed, recognizing the probability of selecting a person with one or another vaccine through the expression: P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) where the probability was 0.73%, which indicates, lower the risk of the severe and/or critical condition of COVID-19, but it must be interpreted that the mathematical model is not distant from the biological model. It is concluded that it is necessary to continue the reflection on the significance of probability in the report of vaccine efficacy since decisions must be based on explanations from statistical models of vaccination and data science for protection against COVID-19.

The aim of the study was to describe the truth and validity of knowledge from the theory of decoys by supposed false premises. Th e study was carried out between January and February 2022 where the following was considered, from the ScScienceatabase (Editorial Elsevier) and through the search equation and without fi lters: the truth of knowledge. The corresponding articles were selected through a non-probabilistic sampling for convenience: 1st) period of 2019 - 2021, and 2nd) review. Then, a systematic random probabilistic sampling with a rank of 5 in the arithmetic progression was carried out where 35 articles (10% / total) were selected for the conceptual analysis of truth and validity. It was considered, the recognition of the contrast of hypotheses from an almost maximum probability (0.01) and valued in the process of searching for the truth and the existence of validity, the test on two lures of false premises (P1*, P2* and P1**, P2**), since their analysis of logical reasoning determines that they are true. It is concluded that the truth and validity of knowledge can be, from accepting or rejecting the premises, but a criterion of judgment for the decision to contrast is to indicate any determination where the rejection is considered from the interpretive logic itself among what is selected. to prove, and the premises that are thought to be “allegedly false.”

Ecuador is a country where three sectors with bioenergy potential have been identifi ed: fi rstly, agriculture, with products such as rice, bananas, cocoa, coff ee, sugar cane, hard corn, African palm, hearts of palm, pineapple, and plantain. Th e second is the livestock sector, with poultry, pig, and beef activities. Th e third is the forester. The residues generated by Musaceae (Banana and Plantain) are not well used effi ciently because they are disposed of in the open air and present environmental and economic problems for banana growers, however, this fruit off ers the opportunity to obtain valueadded bioproducts due to its chemical composition. Musaceae crops have been established predominantly in lands with a high mechanized agricultural vocation and with great hydrological wealth, these areas are of medium and high vulnerability to productive processes, and are not recommended for intensive urban, industrial, mining, and recreational development. Th e correct management of organic waste is achieved through diff erent treatments that involve recycling these organic materials, transforming them into value-added products. The recycling of organic matter has received a strong boost with the high cost of chemical fertilizers, with the search for non-traditional energy alternatives, as well as the need for decontamination and waste disposal routes. Aerobic digestion is a process carried out by various groups of microorganisms, mainly bacteria, and protozoa, which, in the presence of oxygen, act on dissolved organic matter, transforming it into harmless end products and cellular matter. Th e present investigation arises as an alternative for the management and use of the residual biomass of the Musaceae, mainly in the organic waste that they generate, and thus give it an adequate use through the production of biogas in Ecuador.

The consumption of milk is widespread in the world and extensive information is found on the effect of its consumption on health. This literature review aimed to collect and organize information on the diff erential composition of fatty acids in the milk of various mammals and show their relationship with human health. The method uses protocols and search criteria (PICOS), to obtain the information and perform the analysis. Th e results highlight the variation of the milk composition according to its animal origin, in the percentage of its macrocomponents (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates), microcomponents (minerals, vitamins) and other bioelements, as well as in the composition of these. The lipid macrocomponent provides the largest source of energy, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and fat-soluble vitamins required by breeding during lactation, being very variable according to the mammal, so its consumption could have diff erent metabolic effects; thus, the benefi ts of polyunsaturated fatty acids will depend on the type, amount and ratio in which omega6:omega3 (1:1) are found; the type of saturated fatty acid and its importance, such as palmitic acid (16C:0), the presence of odd-chain fatty acids (15C:0, 17C:0), or monoaciltriglicerides (sn2) derived from milk digestion. So, we conclude that the scientifi c literature is currently abundant on the subject, achieving a better overview of the eff ects of fatty acids on health, although it is necessary to carry out more specific studies.