Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
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SOUZA, Henrique R. C.; SOUZA, Rolf M. R. (org.). Diálogos contemporâneos sobre homens negros e masculinidades. 2. ed. São Paulo: Hucitec, 2024. 243 p.

The pharmacist’s role in managing self-limiting health conditions presents challenges related to clinical skills and confidence in providing effective care. The integration of simulations in education is one of the tools to enhance these clinical competencies. This research, conducted in Brasília in 2022, aimed to evaluate the clinical competencies of pharmacy professionals and students through remote realistic simulations, using a validated assessment instrument. The study occurred in three stages: development and provision of educational material with a description of the clinical case; remote realistic simulation of pharmaceutical consultations and peer evaluation; and quantitative analysis of participants’ performance. The research included 96 participants (professionals and students), and 40 clinical simulations were conducted, totaling 1,020 peer evaluations. Predominantly, the evaluations of clinical skills were positive, highlighting ‘verbal communication’ (88.6%), ‘definition of the health problem’ (86.4%), and ‘non-verbal communication’ (85.5%). However, the item on ‘vital signs measurement’ achieved only 57.3% satisfactory performance. Significant improvement in participants’ confidence was observed after accessing the material and simulation. Clinical simulations contribute to the development of clinical competencies, strengthening the capacity for pharmaceutical intervention in managing self-limiting health problems.

Background: The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley (TCV), located at the crossroads of the Nearctic and Neotropical biogeographic regions, is a critical hotspot for biodiversity, particularly for the genus Agave. This region plays a vital role in preserving various species, with Agave being one of the most important genus due to its ecological and economic significance. Methodology: Agave angustifolia, A. cupreata, A. marmorata, A. potatorum, and A. salmiana seed collection was conducted in the TCV, followed by dehydration and storage under controlled conditions. Seed viability was assessed using the tetrazolium chloride (TTC) test. The percentage of viable embryos ( %V) was calculated. Seed morphometry was analyzed by measuring length, width, weight, and volume. Results: Significant interspecific variability in seed viability was found. A. marmorata exhibited the highest viability across all time points, reaching 78.49 % at 72 hours, indicating robust physiological mechanisms. In contrast, A. potatorum showed the lowest viability, with a maximum of 57.99 %, likely due to genetic limitations or suboptimal conditions during seed development. Morphometric analysis also revealed significant differences among the tested species, with A. angustifolia seeds being the largest and A. marmorata the smallest. Implications: This study underscores the importance of understanding seed viability and morphometric traits in Agave species. These factors are crucial for the conservation and sustainable management of both wild and cultivated populations. The variability in seed viability and morphometric traits has significant implications for conservation efforts, as it can influence regeneration strategies and breeding programs aimed at improving crop yields or conserving native species. Conclusion: A. marmorata showed the highest seed viability, indicating robust physiological adaptations, while A. potatorum had the lowest viability and a high percentage of seedless embryos, suggesting potential reproductive challenges. Seed morphometric analysis revealed differences that could affect dispersal and germination success. In the broader context of biodiversity conservation in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley, these results offer valuable insights into the genetic and physiological diversity of Agave, guiding future conservation efforts.

Antecedentes: El sector cafetalero es fundamental en los ámbitos económico, social y ambiental de las regiones productoras de café en México. Sin embargo, el cambio climático está alterando las condiciones agroclimáticas idóneas para el cultivo de Coffea arabica y C. canephora, amenazando la producción futura. Dada la variabilidad regional de estos impactos, es necesario identificar cómo el cambio climático afectará la idoneidad productiva en regiones específicas. Estudios enfocados en la distribución de especies aportan herramientas clave para dimensionar los impactos y emitir recomendaciones orientadas en la adaptación al cambio climático. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto potencial del cambio climático en la producción de Coffea arabica y C. canephora, bajo el enfoque de distribución de especies en la región nororiental de Puebla, las montañas en Veracruz y la región mazateca de Oaxaca. Materiales y Métodos: Este estudio se realizó bajo el enfoque de distribución de especies, la modelación se desarrolló mediante el software MaxEnt para proyectar la distribución potencial de las especies. Se evaluaron escenarios climáticos futuros SSP126 y SSP585 para el período 2041-2060. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados sugieren cambios significativos en la distribución para ambas especies. Para la especie C. arabica, se observa una tendencia general de reducción en áreas óptimas, con variaciones regionales notables. Para C. canephora se observa una respuesta diferente, con algunas áreas con tendencia al aumento de la distribución de esta especie. Las variables más influyentes en la distribución de ambas especies fueron la precipitación, la elevación y la velocidad del viento. Implicaciones: Si las condiciones agroclimáticas futuras favorecen la expansión de C. canephora como sugieren las proyecciones para algunas regiones, podría plantearse una transición parcial hacia esta especie como estrategia de adaptación. Conclusiones: El estudio concluyó que el cambio climático reducirá significativamente la distribución de C. arabica y favorecerá moderadamente a C. canephora, con impactos regionales diferenciados. Es crucial ajustar estrategias de manejo según cada región para asegurar la sostenibilidad de la producción cafetalera.

Background: Vermicomposts and mineral organ fertilizers are used as a source of nutrients in the substrate of horticultural crops under greenhouses and promote improvements in growth, production and fruit quality. Objective: To evaluate the effect of an organo-mineral fertilizer and two vermicompost origins on morphophysiological parameters, yield and capsaicinoid contents in Super Habanero F1 chili fruits under greenhouse conditions. Methodology: A completely randomized experimental design was used with six treatments: T1 Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T2 Organo-mineral Fertilizer (FO), T3 Sheep Manure Vermicompost (L1), T4 Coffee Pulp Vermicompost (L2), T5 FO+L1 and T6 FO+L2, each with twenty replications. Plant height (cm), stem diameter (mm), number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), chlorophyll content (SPAD units), number of total flowers, number of total fruits, harvest index (%), yield per plant (g) sum of 5 harvests, fruit weight (g), equatorial and polar diameter (mm), firmness (N) and capsaicin content (mg CAP or DIH 100 g-1 dry base) were evaluated. The results were analyzed using an ANOVA and contrast of Tukey's minimum significant difference (HSD) with a significant level of 5 % (α= 0.05). Results: The statistical analysis showed significant differences (p≤0.05) between the treatments evaluated. In fact, there was a very marked trend in all variables where FO+L2 was the best treatment for morphophysiological parameters, with yield of 989 g plant-1, fruit quality and capsaicin (983.63 mg 100 g-1 db), dihydrocapsaicin (238.89 mg 100 g-1 db) and capsaicinoid contents (1222.53 mg 100 g-1 db). Implications: It is possible to increase the yield and improve the quality characteristics of the habanero pepper fruit, through the application of organ-mineral fertilizers and vermicomposts. Conclusion: The application of organ-mineral fertilizers plus the incorporation of vermicompost based on coffee pulp (FO+L2) increased the morphophysiology variables, fruit quality, yield per plant and the contents of capsaicinoids in Super Habanero F1 chili fruit.

Background: Oregano essential oil (OEO) is a natural alternative to conventional additives. OEO can improve efficiency in ruminant diets, but the magnitude of the impact may vary according to the origin and dose applied. Objective: To analyze the in vitro ruminal fermentation pattern by changing the origin and dose of OEO. Methodology: The treatments had a 2*5+1 factorial arrangement, the factors were the origin: Mexican (MOEO) and European (EOEO), and the dose: at levels of 70, 140, 280, 560, and 1120 ppm of the wet base substrate plus a control without addition of OEO. Contrasts and orthogonal polynomials were used to compare means. The variables quantified were: fast (FRF), medium (FMF) and slow fermentation fractions, as well as their total fermentable fraction (FFT); in vitro degradability of dry matter at 24 h (IVDMD24) and 72 h (IVDMD72); the in vitro degradability of organic matter at 72 h (IVOMD72); lag phase (L); fermentation rate (S); maximum volume (mV); VFA and CH4 production; acetic/propionic ratio (A/P); global warming potential index (GWPI) and environmental impact indicator (EII). Results. MOEO linearly affects FMF FTF, and Vm as the dose increases, while AEOE is a quadratic trend hence, MOEO is different from the control. IVOMD72 tends to decrease as the dose of the two OEOs increases; increasing the inclusion of MOEO decreases A/P linearly; EOEO and MOEO are different from the control in VFA production. There were no effects on environmental impact variables. Implications. The components of MOEO have greater antimicrobial capacity against rumen bacteria than AEOE, MOEO could act similarly to the impact of feed additives such as ionophores in reducing A/P. Conclusion. MOEO can better modulate ruminal fermentation than EOEO but decreases digestion and total gas production more.

Background. Cultivated plants and weeds play an important role in interacting with soil microorganisms, which, together with climatic and edaphic conditions, characterize the ecological niches of microorganisms such as Trichoderma. Objective. It was to determine the abundance and diversity of Trichoderma species with endophytic and epiphytic association in the root of five varieties of banana and weed in the states of Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Puebla, Mexico. Methodology. For the study, a total of 60 samples of banana root and weeds were collected, and from 3 to 7 samples per plot in which the pH and organic matter were measured. The endophytic and epiphytes fungi root was isolated, and these were characterized morphologically and molecularly. For the diversity analysis, the Shannon-Wiener (H') and Simpson indexes were used, and the frequency of species was calculated. Results. A total of 23 isolates were obtained, of which 21 were Trichoderma longibrachiatum, one of them Trichoderma reesei and other Trichoderma harzianum, and 61% of 23 isolates were epiphytes and 39% endophytes, and only the T. longibrachiatum specie showed both behaviors. Likewise, T. longibrachiatum was isolated in all the banana varieties analyzed as well as in weeds, and it had 100% presence in the enano gigante, macho Papaloapan, and macho chifle varieties, while in banana apple tree and purple varieties were obtained T. harzianum and T. reesei in 8% and 50% respectively. Of the total isolates, 70% were obtained from bananas and 30% from weeds, and none of them were endophytic in weeds. The highest abundance index AI= 0.1 was to Veracruz, which had pH=7.1 and O.M.=2.8-5.7, however, the diversity index in it was 0, the highest diversity indices were H=0.3, 0.2, and Ds= 0.67 which were obtained in Puebla state with pH= 6.7 and O.M.= 6.0 to 10 very similar to optimum. Implications. The cultivation of different varieties in each sampled state limited the comparison of determining results in the study. Conclusion. The abundance and diversity of Trichoderma species, as well as their endophytic and epiphytic behavior in banana roots, are influenced by factors such as the plant variety, which is colonized, the non-cultivated plant species found in the area, as well as the pH and the amount of organic matter in the soil. These factors generate inter and intraspecific relationships that intervene in the frequency of occurrence of Trichoderma species.

Background. Aphelinidae, comprising more than 1120 species in 40 genera, are economically significant parasitoids known for preying on Aleyrodidae, Coccidae, Pseudococcidae, and Aphididae. However, there is scarcity of registered sequences for Aphelinidae and the Encarsia genus in Mexico's databases. With a widespread distribution, Encarsia stands as the largest genus within this family, boasting 96 species. The application of sequencing techniques, particularly targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) mitochondrial gene, has considerably eased species identification, providing valuable information at the species level. Objective. To identify Encarsia species through CO1 gene sequencing. By doing so, the study sought to augment the information available for this group in the GenBank and globally, facilitating further taxonomic comprehension and unveiling potential cryptic species. Methodology. During 2015 and 2016, we collected Aleyrodidae and Diaspididae nymphs from various locations, namely Tampico Alto and Ciudad Cuauhtémoc in Veracruz, and Altamira, Tamaulipas, and Saltillo, Coahuila. Taxonomic identification of the species Encarsia citrina, Encarsia perplexa, and Encarsia tamaulipeca was conducted alongside CO1 gene sequencing. The obtained sequences were subsequently deposited in the GenBank under the accession keys MF444685, MF444686, and MF444687, respectively. Results. Through the application of CO1 gene sequencing, we successfully identified three Encarsia species in the regions under investigation. Notably, the registration of the latter two species marked their first-ever presence in the GenBank, further augmenting the knowledge base for this genus on a global scale. Implications. The inclusion of these new sequences in the GenBank represents a significant step forward for Aphelinidae, specifically Encarsia, in Mexico. This expansion of data will serve as a valuable tool for validating traditional identification methods, exploring intra- and interspecies variations, and shedding light on previously unknown cryptic species. Conclusions. By utilizing CO1sequencing, this study successfully identified and registered three Encarsia species in the GenBank, including two species previously unrecorded worldwide. The newfound genetic data will be instrumental in enhancing our understanding of this ecologically important group, contributing to more precise taxonomic assessments and encouraging further investigations into the diversity and distribution of Aphelinidae in Mexico and beyond.

Background. Drought is the main factor that reduces crop yield, and grafting is used to confer resistance traits. Objective. The effect of water deficit on water relations, gas exchange, and proline content was determined in two avocado cultivars, ‘Colín V-33’ and ‘Hass’, grafted onto three clonal rootstocks (‘Colin V-33’ (C), ‘Fuerte’ (F), and ‘Hass’ (H)). Methodology. Two-year-old avocado plants of ‘Colín V-33’ and ‘Hass’ were grafted onto three rootstocks: ‘Colin V-33’, ‘Fuerte’, and ‘Hass’.  The plants were grown in a greenhouse for 1.4 years. From that point, half of the grafted plants remained without irrigation, while the other half was watered every other day. Stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation were measured daily, and on day 13, soil and leaf samples were taken for water relations and leaf samples for proline content. Results. The cultivar ‘Colin V-33’ and its combinations showed a conductance of 132 mmol m-2 s-1, while ‘Hass’ reached 150 mmol m-2 s-1.  Both decreased after 7 days without irrigation, with variations in their combinations. CO2 assimilation followed a similar pattern. In well-watered plants, there were no differences in water potential (Yw), but in non-irrigated plants, ‘Colin V-33’ showed a greater decrease in leaf Yw, whereas in ‘Hass’, this occurred in the H/H and H/F combinations.  The osmotic potential (Yp) was lower in non-irrigated plants with ‘Hass’, especially in C/H and H/H (-1.80 and -1.81 MPa respectively).  Turgor potential (Yr) was unaffected. Proline concentration was higher in all combinations, particularly in H/H and H/F. Implications. Grafting is useful for identifying cultivars sensitive or resistant to water deficit. Conclusion.  The combinations with ‘Colin V-33’ show the best water use efficiency and greater resistance to water deficit.  The scion/rootstock interaction significantly affects gas exchange, water relations, and proline concentration under water deficit. Low proline concentrations in this species appear linked to water deficit resistance.

Antecedentes: La agricultura, como sector fundamental de la economía global, desempeña un papel clave en el tejido socioeconómico de los países. Es esencial obtener información precisa sobre el área de cultivo y la producción, para impulsar prácticas agrícolas más eficientes. La teledetección remota ha transformado la agricultura moderna al proporcionar datos precisos y en tiempo real sobre el estado de los cultivos. Los estudios bibliométricos emplean métodos cuantitativos para analizar la producción y distribución de la información científica contenida en diversos documentos, lo que ayuda a la comprensión en las tendencias del conocimiento en un área específica. Estos estudios permiten identificar la evolución de la teledetección remota aplicada a la agricultura. Objetivo: Analizar las investigaciones sobre la estimación/predicción de rendimientos en cultivos agrícolas mediante la teledetección satelital en las ciencias agrícolas. Metodología: Se recuperaron documentos de la base de datos Scopus® mediante la ecuación de yield estimation AND crop AND satellite image OR mapping, se realizó un análisis exploratorio mediante la paquetería de Microsoft Excel® y el análisis bibliométrico utilizando el software VOSviewer®. Resultados: Se analizaron 818 documentos de 1975 hasta 2023, agrupados en 6 clúster dentro de los cuales sobresalen los términos: deep learning, Sentinel 1 y 2, índice de área foliar, satélite y mapeo digital. Los países líderes en la producción científica son China y EE. UU. Las áreas del conocimiento que más aporta son: Earth and Planetary Sciences (24%), Agricultural and Biological Sciences (18%) y Computer Science (17%).  Implicaciones: Este estudio aporta la exploración sinérgica del campo de la agricultura y las técnicas avanzadas de análisis de datos y la teledetección para mejorar la estimación de rendimientos, mediante la integración de imágenes satelitales y datos geográficos para mejorar la calibración y ubicación espacio temporal. Conclusiones: se identificaron cuatro componentes clave en la estimación de rendimiento de cultivos a través de imágenes satelitales 1) Herramientas de inteligencia artificial, 2) Uso de bandas NIR y SWIR, 3) Uso y generación de índices NDVI, LAI y biomasa, y 4) Estadística aplicada a la ciencia de datos, correlación de coeficientes y series de tiempo.