Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is a fruit produced in the central region of Mexico. This crop is af fected by unfavorable climatic conditions such as drought. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ef fect of water stress and its relationship with changes in enzym activity of the antioxidant system in the cultivars ‘Camino Real’ and ‘Cabrillo’ in the Toluca Valley. The experiment was divided into three phases: F0 (initial), F1 (drought phase) – divided into two dif ferent water regimes: a) optimal or control and b) zero regime and F2 (recovery phase), where the zero regime was subsequently re-irrigated to optimal levels. The enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) were evaluated, as well as the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and proline. A randomized design was established, with three replicates and 15 experimental units each one. F0 showed dif ferences in all variablesbetween cultivars. In the zero regime (F1), compared to the control, the ‘Camino Real’ cultivar showed a 36.03% increase in POX activity and a 22.95% decrease in CAT activity, while ‘Cabrillo’ exhibited a 69.43% decrease in POX activity and a 31.26% increase in CAT activity. H2O2 and proline concentrations increased in both cultivars. In F2, no dif ferences in enzymatic activities were found between the cultivars. The determination of enzymes and osmolytes can serve as indicators of strawberry cultivars with drought stress tolerance traits in new geographical regions. It was concluded that the ‘Camino Real’ cultivar exhibited drought tolerance through enzymatic mechanisms, while the ‘Cabrillo’ cultivar demonstrated low tolerance through osmolyte accumulation mechanisms.

Phytopathogens are present in the soil that, when environmental conditions are favorable, infect plants, causing significant economic losses. However, beneficial microorganisms such as Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas spp. They are essential for the control of these phytopathogens. Therefore, the objective of this work was the morphological and molecular characterization of beneficial microorganisms and evaluate their antifungal activity. The isolates of Pseudomonas spp. showed dif ferences in colony morphology and enzymatic activities, both being Gram negative and  positive  for  catalase a nd oxidase. Molecular identification identified the isolatesas P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens. The isolates of Trichoderma spp. They presented variability in color, texture and dispersion capacity, being identified as T. harzianum and T. atroviride. The isolates of Fusarium spp. and Phytophthora spp. revealed high phenotypic diversity in colony color, sporulation and mycelial morphology, being identified as F. oxysporum and P. palmivora. Antagonism assays showed that T. harzianum and T. atroviride inhibited the growth of P. palmivora and F. oxysporum by more than 70 and 80%, respectively. These results highlight the importance of identification through morphological and molecular methods, which is essential for the ef fective use of these microorganisms in biocontrol strategies, thus promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, isolates of T. harzianum, T. atroviride, P. aeruginosa and P. fluorescens may be an alternative for the control of F. oxysporum and P. palmivora.

Peanut is a leguminous plant that, in addition to having positive ef fects on soil quality, provides oilseeds, which have multiple uses, because they are nutritious, medicinal, and economically important. Currently, various studies are focused on increasing the content of antioxidant compounds, as well as improving the productivity and quality of crops, with the aim of developing higher quality ingredients and functional foods. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ef fects of laser radiation on peanut seeds on agronomic parameters of the crop under field conditions. The  experiment  was  established  under  field conditions in the town of Nicolás Bravo, belonging to the municipality of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. The seeds were irradiated with a motorized red laser bar of the steelpro® brand, with a wavelength of 636 nm and an intensity of 120 mW. The exposure time of seeds to the red laser was 15 minutes and non-irradiated seeds were used as a control. Each experimental unit consisted of 100 seeds with six replicates. Germination percentage, agronomic characteristics of peanuts and pod yield were evaluated. The results show that laser radiation applied to seeds before sowing has positive ef fects on the agronomic characteristics of pods and seeds such as: the increase in the number of pods and seeds per plant, the dry weight of both components, as well as the yield of pods harvested under field conditions. Therefore, laser radiation applied to seeds is a biotechnological alternative to increase peanut production. It is suggested that further studies be carried out on the harvested seeds to determine if there are changes or improvements in the nutritional quality of the seeds.

The legume-Rhizobium association is a high-ef ficiency process in biological nitrogen fixation that can supply up to 90% of the nitrogen needed in some species. To evaluate the symbiotic response of 10 cultivated and wild bean genotypes inoculated with 10 strains of Rhizobium isolated from domesticated and wild bean nodules, seedlings were grown and inoculated under greenhouse conditions in Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. At the beginning of the bean flowering, the variables associated with atmospheric nitrogen fixation were recorded: number of nodules (NN), dry weight of nodules (PSN), percentage of total nitrogen in the stem (NT) and chlorophyll content in the leaves (CL) in SPAD units. Multivariate analysis detected dif ferences for bean genotypes, Rhizobium strains, and for genotype × strain interaction. Cultivated bean genotypes generally outperformed wild bean genotypes in their response to the recorded variables. Similarly, isolates from cultivated beans were generally better than those from wild beans. The circular dendrogram separated the genotype-strain binomials first by gene pools of Andean and Mesoamerican beans, second by domesticated and wild bean forms, and third within each of the forms. The graph of the canonical analysis of principal coordinates showed a positive interaction of the cultivated bean-strains binomials with the four variables studied. The positive interactions of P Saltillo and Peruano 16 in NT and PSN in symbiosis with most of the strains stand out; of G Zarco in NN in symbiosis with six of the rhizobia; the interaction of Apetito in CL with six of the strains; the combinations of P Saltillo, Peruano 16 and G Zarco with the RhGz2 strain in the NT variable.

This paper analyzes a crime that appeared in Costa Rica between the 1970s and early 1990s. It was called “the love scam” and consisted of erotic scams, in which the victims were men who were deceived before, during, or after having a casual sexual encounter. The purpose is to rescue this story to provoke a reflection on the distinguishing features of “men” and “women” of that time and to show that there was a certain ambiguity in the expected gender roles within the reviewed news. The research is carried out based on the review of the events section of the newspaper La República during the cited decades. In the conclusion, it is analyzed how the ideas that were repeated about these crimes (lustful but naive men versus astute women not interested in traditional sexual morality) suggested the dangerousness of any woman who was interested in casual sex patterns.

This article examines two ways in which the Guatemalan state and army exercised symbolic violence during the counter-subversive war of the 1980s. Specifically, it discusses the self-presentation strategies (and those of its enemies) used by these political institutions, as well as the use of religion and evangelical churches as symbolic weapons. With this, it becomes evident that, in addition to the physical violence typical of the war, symbolic violence was exercised, both against the Guatemalan community in general (defined as outside symbolic violence) and within the Army itself (defined as inside symbolic violence). The conclusions are drawn from the review of official documents and previous specialized research on the subject, as well as from the interpretation based on the theory of the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu.

The study presents a theoretical and conceptual review of the regional framework on population aging in Latin America, emphasizing the role of National Councils on Older Adults as governing bodies in this field. It examines their current strengths and challenges, highlighting their importance as key public institutions in the design and implementation of policies related to aging and older adults. Using case studies from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, and Uruguay, the analysis explores practical experiences that offer valuable lessons for strengthening these entities. This review contributes to updating knowledge about public institutions focused on the stewardship of population aging in the region.