Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Technological changes, reduced entry barriers and greater international competition have led to a series of disruptions in the media industry, which is experiencing a constant transformation, as well as dealing with the difficulty of finding a profitable business model. Leadership, teamwork, creativity and innovation arise as answers to face this scenario. This study surveys the self-perceived leadership of directors and general editors of Chilean media. Based on the application of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ5x), we surveyed the main characteristics of leadership according to the perception of those who run the newsrooms in national media. The results show that charisma, inspiration and integrity are the most repeated traits in the self-perception of directors and editors, leading them to see themselves as transformational leaders.

Introduction: The Dentistry students present high levels of stress. The study of its relationship with salutogenic variables such as social support, positive thinking and psychological well-being could be useful for its intervention, enhance the beneficial function of stress and avoid its adverse effects.Objective: To determine the level of academic stress and its sources in dentistry students, as well as to identify its association with psychological well-being, social support, and positive thinking. Detecting psychological well-being, social support and positive thinking are predictors of stress in this population.Method: Dentistry students completed an online questionnaire survey composed of an identification card and the instruments Academic Stress Questionnaire in the University (CEAU), Positivity Scale (PS), Reduced Scale of Social, Perceived, Family and Friends Support (AFA) -R), and the Psychological Wellness Scale for Adults (BIEPS-A).Results: 146 students participated, 104 women and 42 men. The level of stress, social support and positive thinking was moderate; while the level of psychological well-being was high. Regarding men, women showed greater stress (p < 0.01) and lower psychological well-being (p < 0.05). Stress showed a negative correlation with psychological well-being (r = –0.41) and social support (r = –0.29) but only in women. A multiple lineal regression indicate that psychological well-being (ß = –0.27) and female sex (ß = –0.26) predicts the stress level (p = 0.01). This model explains 15% of variance (R2 corrected = 0.15). Aspects that generated greater stress were the academic performance and the future perspective of his profession.Conclusions: The identifying healthy predictors of stress in dentistry students favors the well-founded design of intervention strategies that favor the positive development of this population.

Introduction: The technologies of information technology and the communications have caught up with a fundamental paper within the process of teaching learning. The teaching of the pediatric oncology in Cuba crosses for difficulties that can be solved from the efficient use of these technologies. Objective: To elaborate and validating information-technology products of educative software guy on pediatric oncology like educational support for the learning of this subject matter for medical students. Method: It was an investigation of technological innovation in the period of October from 2016 realized to October of the 2017 in the Faculty of Medical Sciences “Dr. José Assef Yara” of Ciego of Avila. They delimited three job steps, of search of information, designing and manufacturing and verification. The used program as the support was Mediator 9.0. It was worked up with 20 experts that broadcast your assessments on the product and 21 users defined for 15 students of the fourth year of the race of Medicine and six professors of Pediatric. Results: An information-technology product of educative software guy was elaborated, that he discusses themes of oncopediatría. Behind your confection it was evaluated by experts like a functional material with characteristics that allow you being applied to the medical teaching. The users affirmed their satisfaction behind the work with the software. Conclusions: Oncopedia is an attractive, feasible product, and easy to navigate, that he makes of your information a text comprehensible, obvious, intelligible and very sequenced and cross-linked, capable to be used like half-way tuition in the medical universities of the country.

Introduction: University professors face a series of critical incidents over the course of their career that can cause the emotional destabilization of their own professional identity. In order to resolve these unforeseen incidents, professors must employ coping strategies, which are already controlled through either prior learning or unexpected findings, depending on the conditions that trigger the critical situation. There is no international, national or local empirical evidence related to critical incidents and the coping techniques employed by Chilean midwives professors. This study aims to be a contribution in this field. Objective: To be able to recognize the analysis of critical incidents as a useful reflexive tool to provide radical changes in the professional identity of midwife professors. Method: A qualitative and interpretative study was conducted based on the grounded theory to identify the most frequent critical incidents and coping strategies for these unexpected events, which was carried out through semi-structured interviews to midwives professors from different chilean universities.Results: Twenty professionals took part in the research study. A total of forty-five critical incidents were identified. Out of the forty-five critical incidents, thirty were inside the classroom and fifteen in instructor-assisted clinical field with a predominance on behavioural norms. The answers most mentioned by the professors were of the reflexive and reactive type. The reflexive offer an adequate solution by employing transitional coping strategies, but do not necessarily achieve a meaningful change in their identity as professors, unlike innovative strategies that open the door to a re-conceptualization of their notions, practices, and emotions associated with teaching. Conclusion: In order to strengthen the professional identity of midwife professors, it becomes necessary a training program focused on the management of critical incidents, which provides the necessary fundamental means to handle unforeseen incidents in various midwifery educational contexts.

Background: Peer-review is one of the fundamental pillars for the advancement of science. This process has been scarcely studied in Latin American scientific journals. Objective: We performed a qualitative analysis about the perception of the process of peer review in a Latin American research journal of medical education.Method: Qualitative interpretative study that recovered the experience narrated by a focus group of reviewers, regarding the process of peer review in the journal “Research in Medical Education”, published by the National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Medicine. Results: A group of seven reviewers identified four relevant peer review topics: 1) training as a reviewer, 2) motivations, 3) usefulness of peer review, and 4) proposals to improve arbitration.Although usually there is little or no formal training for reviewers of scientific papers, those who participate in this process rely mainly on their professional experience and use strategies to perform evaluations that seek the production of reliable scientific knowledge. Despite the lack of payment for this activity, reviewers find their main motivation to devote hours of work to peer-review is their own personal learning. Finally, participants noted that the peer review process is poorly recognized by the academic community and seldom considered in academic evaluations.Conclusions: Peer review is a fundamental activity in the process of scientific publication; however, it does not obtain enough recognition from the scientific and academic community. Peer reviewers are motivated primarily by the task’s inherent learning, however, it is desirable to continuously increase the quality of reviews through evaluation, feedback and recognition of reviewers and authors. It is necessary to make the actions undertaken by the publishing teams visible and thus consider editorial work in its totality.

Introduction: Critical thinking is defined as the formation of a trial with a specific purpose whose result can be explained according to the evidence. A graduate student of Medicine must explore the components of critical thinking to raise, evaluate and communicate complex problems.Objective: To determine if there is any difference in the self-perception of the critical thinking that prevails in medical residents of different medical specialties of different academic degrees.Method: This is a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study conducted in July 2019. We used the critical thinking section of the Individual Generic Competencies Questionnaire (CCGI). The statistics were made with the chi-square test to compare the qualitative variables. The reliability of the questionnaire was validated by the Cronbach alpha test.Results: 63 questionnaires were made. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.860. The CCGI component “judgment of a specific situation with objective and subjective data” achived more favorable responses. However, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the study group between sex, medical specialty or academic degree.Conclusions: The period that takes a postgraduate medicine program is not enough to make a difference in critical thinking.

Introduction: Psychological harassment in the medical setting seems to be an inherent part of their training and its repercussions among residents have been dismissed. Objective: Evaluate the association between workplace harassment and burnout in medical residents in Mexico City. Method: Cross-sectional study with 251 participants, 44% of who are men and 56% women, with an average age of 27.2 (SD±3.5) years. The evaluation was conducted seven months after the start of the academic year using the Inventario de Burnout de Psicólogos (IBP), Leymann Inventory of Psychological-Terror (LIPT-60), and a questionnaire on sociodemographic data. Results: The burnout total was 23% explained by the specialty undertaken, year of residency, and Frequency of Psychological Harassment Experiences (FPHE); it was controlled by gender, Average Intensity of Psychological Harassment (AIPH), and the Global Index of Psychological Harassment (GIPH) (p < .0001). Conclusions: The presence of harassment has consequences for health status (Emotional Exhaustion) and performance (Lack of Personal Accomplishment) for those who receive it, as well as implications for the patient-doctor relationship (Depersonalization). It was observed that the frequency of harassment experienced is the principal element associated with an increase in burnout symptoms.

Introduction: Mental health damages represents one of the most relevant problems among general population and specifically among University students. Medical training involves particular exigencies that increases probabilities of having higher prevalence at experiencing mental health disorders among the medicine students. Objective: To compare the anxiety, depression and suicidal behavior among medicine and other bachelor degrees students at a University in Mexico. Method: It was designed a transversal study where it was applied a survey to a probabilistic fortuitous sample among first and last grade students of bachelor’s degree in medicine. This survey was also applied to a fortuitous sample of the same proportion to first and last grade of different bachelor’s degree. Data obtained were processed in a bivariate analysis to calculate prevalence as well as association measures (odds ratio [OR]) and statistical significance (X2). Results: The medicine students showed higher prevalence of anxiety, depression and suicidal behavior episodes, tan the students of different bachelor’s degree programs. It was also found that the last grade medicine students showed higher prevalences that the ones in first grade. Sex was a variable that presents more influence among students of the other medicine bachelor’s degree programs. Conclusions: Medical training implies higher probabilities of depression, anxiety and suicidal behavior, mostly among last year students, than students of another academic program.