Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El informe presidencial es el medio oficial obligatorio del Poder Ejecutivo parareportar a la Nación los resultados obtenidos durante su gestión anual. Es unafigura jurídica que tiene su fundamento legal en la Constitución Política, la LeyOrgánica y el Reglamento del Congreso de la Unión. La manera de informar hacambiado en los últimos 33 años, pero no es tan clara la manera en que hacambiado, tanto en el uso de las palabras como el estilo discursivo. Alexperimentar una transición democrática, se espera que el discurso cambie y seadecue al nuevo contexto democrático. Por ejemplo, se esperaría que el discursoempleado por Miguel de la Madrid en su primer informe fuera diferente al utilizado por Vicente Fox puesto que el segundo representa la figura del presidente que transitó del régimen autoritario al democrático. De lo anterior surgen las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo diferenciar el discurso autoritario del democrático? ¿Cómo se ha construido la democracia a través del discurso presidencial? ¿Cómo caracterizar el estilo discursivo de un presidente respecto a otro en regímenes distintos?Para responder a lo anterior, en este trabajo analizamos los primeros informes de los últimos seis presidentes mexicanos, los cuales cubren un periodo de 33 años. Primero realizamos un análisis descriptivo para calcular las frecuencias de las palabras más utilizadas. Posteriormente, un análisis de correspondencias aplicado a tablas léxicas nos permite identificar semejanzas y diferencias en el discurso de los presidentes, así como su evolución y la transición de regímenes políticos diferentes (autoritarismo y democracia). Por último, sobre la base de bloques de 300 palabras se calculan los porcentajes de términos únicos, los cuales son proyectados horizontalmente.

Las personas migrantes en situación irregular suelen enfrentar más y mayores factores de riesgo para la salud mayores que la población general y sufrir de una atención sanitaria limitada. Después de revisar el marco legal del derecho humano a la Salud reconocido por México, se realizó un análisis cualitativo sobre la realidad de la aplicación de los derechos humanos en personas migrantes irregulares en el Estado de Nuevo León. Se llevó a cabo una investigación del tipo análisis de casos; se revisaron nueve estudios de casos individuales; el objetivo general fue identificar las condiciones reales en las que se ejerce el derecho a la salud de las personas migrantes irregulares. Por la importancia del acceso a la salud en las personas en situación de movilidad y que sufren de alta vulnerabilidad social, nos enfocamos en analizar el respeto del principio de accesibilidad que debe cumplir todo sistema de salud. Este trabajo exploratorio identifica algunas limitaciones y barreras en la ejecución de las 4 dimensiones que componen el principio de accesibilidad (económica, física, informativa y no-discriminación). Finalmente, se esbozan algunas pistas de reflexión para que las personas migrantes gocen mejor de su derecho a la salud en una perspectiva de derechos humanos.

Este verano se publicó un nuevo libro sobre historia de la masonería por parte de un investigador consagrado que logró integrar los avances metogológicos que sobre el fenómeno masónico se viene realizando desde principios de siglo XXI. Aunque trata de la vida masónica de una localidad cubana como Cienfuegos durante el periodo decimonónico, sirve su investigación como modelo para la labor historiográfica actual.

Introduction: The national examination for applicants to medical residences, instrument of measurement of knowledge of general medicine, constructed with methodology based on educational evaluation focused on the solution of medical problems, applies since 1977, to 2018 carries XLII versions, the CIFRHS responsible has issued academic reports of each ENARM, which allows monitoring of graduates.Objective: To know the performance, level of knowledge in medicine, its positioning and all the information of the graduates of schools and faculties of medicine of the country participating in the ENARM, in particular of the UAGro.Method: Retrospective longitudinal, descriptive, observational study, period 2001-2018 and UAGro 1991-2018, through the analysis of the ENARM as an objective and valid instrument for measuring knowledge in general medicine, for the selection of candidates for medical residency.Results: Sustainants have increased from 18,083 in 2001 to 41,067 in 2018, with a growth rate of 127% and an annual average of 25,668. In 2001, 66 schools participated and in 2018, 122. Global average score 50.41, the highest of the Pan-American University that has occupied the first place in 14 of 18 occasions. From 2013 to 2018 the average number of participating schools per year was 105, only 6 have achieved a grade higher than 7, an average score of 61 schools 60 to 69 and 37 less than 60.Of the graduates of the UAGro, period 1991-2018 there was an increase in supporters and a low percentage of selected students (13.73%), an average score of 45.01, 5.40 points below the national average, it has never achieved a grade of 6.Conclusions: Efforts and actions have not been enough to improve the training of the doctor, proposals were issued to improve the provision of quality medical services through quality providers, we must all participate in this transformation.

Introduction: There are numerous factors that can influence their university performance. Objective: The aim of the research was to evaluate the academic performance of students of physiopathology and its relationship with social vulnerability factors. Method: An observational study and a descriptive statistical analysis were performed with summary and measures of association. The variables studied were: age, sex, province of origin, coexistence with their families, having children, working conditions, maximum educational level of parents, overcrowding, belonging to indigenous peoples, type of health insurance, type of secondary school where studied, activities in NGO, average of years in the University, having approved anatomy and number of times that they attended physiopathology.Results: The final sample consisted of 275 surveys. The 72.73% (n = 200) of the students were from the province of Salta, 56% (n = 154) lived with their families, 5.45% (n = 15) had children and 26.9 % (n = 74) worked. Only 9 students lived in a critical situation of overcrowding and 6 students belonged to an indigenous community. In addition, almost a third of the sample carried out activities in NGOs. The 82.91% (n = 228) of the students had approved anatomy and physiology at the beginning of the physiopathology classes and 61.01% (n = 169) had attended one or more physiopathology courses. Finally, it was observed that 11.63% (n = 32) of the students presented social vulnerability.Conclusions: Students with social vulnerability showed an insufficient academic performance compared to those who are not vulnerable. In addition, the social containment of the student, some activities and habits, their previous academic performance and having attended the subject classes more than once, are positively associated with their adequate academic performance.

Introduction: Delivery care by qualified personnel is a factor that influences the decrease in maternal mortality, for this reason is necessary to train and continuously evaluate health personnel or service providers for such care.Objective: To assess technical skills in the delivery care by internal doctors of the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico.Method: Descriptive cross-sectional study, for the evaluation was used a 17 item checklist that evaluates 4 aspects. The exploitation and skills in childbirth care were classified as follows: score of 0-59% as insufficient, 60-79% sufficient, 80-94% good and 95-100% excellent. The evaluation was with low fidelity simulators, it was considered that in the fourth year of the degree, the students had 2 simulation activities for delivery care.Results: There were 239 participants, who were enrolled in the clinics of Mexico City and the metropolitan area; of them, those who had rotated in the Obstetric Gynecology area during the medical internship, obtained an average of 45.7 in the evaluation, while those who had not rotated obtained 28.48, in both cases their exploitation and skills in the care of deliveries classified as insufficient; to compare both groups, the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used, with p=0.00. In this evaluation, the measurement instrument obtained in Cronbach's alpha of 0.917.Conclusions: In both groups, the skills in the delivery care were classified as insufficient, however, a significant difference was identified in those who rotated for the Obstetric Gynecology area, indicating that they had more skills. Strategies that promote the reinforcement and evaluation of delivery care skills in undergraduate students must be promoted; in our case, we can do it through clinical simulation.

Introduction: The study of the relationship between psychological well-being and empathy in medical residents has been little explored in México.Objective: To identify the relationship between psychological well-being and empathy with patients, in medical residents of a public university in Mexico.Method: Descriptive and cross-sectional study. The Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale (PWS) and the Jefferson Medical Scale of Empathy (JSE) were applied to 139 residents from the first to the fourth year of varied specialties.Results: A significant and positive correlation was found between the PWS and the JSE (r = .460; p <.001).Conclusions: Psychological well-being and empathy are closely related, so promoting actions that favor mental health in residents during the course by the specialty, will influence empathy with patients. It is urgent to do more research that, like this one, links to both variables.

Research in Medical Education Vol. 9, n.o 33, enero-marzo 2020

La ingeniería biomédica una ciencia interdisciplinaria, a la cual se incorporan cada vez más estudiantes por medio de las diferentes instituciones que ofrecen programas de estudio relacionados con esta disciplina, con la finalidad de entender el rumbo que actualmente está tomando esta disciplina, es necesario conocer los principales programas de estudio que ofrecen las diversas instituciones, de la misma forma, finalmente se presenta una reflexión sobre los temas de actualidad relacionados con esta disciplina.