Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

This article offers a general review of the current state of science, technology and innovation in the Dominican Republic describing the evolution of the institutional and regulatory framework of this system at the national level, as well as the main public policies, strategies and instruments that have been implemented for the regulation and promotion of the scientific and technological activity of the country. Recent data are provided on the capacity, scientific results and the positioning achieved by the country in this sector in the light of some indicators and the role played by Dominican universities in this system is briefly analyzed. The results of the analysis carried out indicate that, although the balance of the indicators of the Dominican Republic in the last decade is positive, the country is still far from reaching the level of development of many of the Latin American countries in terms of science and technology. The conclusions highlight that the search for a better performance of the country in this area entails overcoming a series of barriers, pointing out weaknesses of the institutional framework, disarticulation between the different actors of the national ecosystem of science, technology and innovation, scarce financing capacity and insufficient allocation of resources for the execution of research and innovation projects, and the absence of scientific policies in most Dominican universities.

This article corresponds to an analysis of the novel La vorágine, by José Eustacio Rivera. First, a context of the work (literary and historical) is presented. Then, it is explained that what is narrated by Arturo Cova is not a trip, but an anti-journey: a continuous and forced displacement. In addition, a minimal narratological scheme is applied to analyze the trajectory of the main character and, subsequently, the determinism evidenced in the book is conceptualized in its environmental, sociological and psychological manifestations, and its presence is identified in the novel. As a methodology, quotes and facts are referred to that justify the thesis that Arturo Cova is dragged by circumstances; which means that it is a deterministic displacement. He, instead of acting, reacts. He gets carried away by circumstances. The swirl drags him to the bottom. At the end of the work, it can be seen that both the jungle and chance and the others redefined him, reformed (deformed?) him, rebuilt him. There are no ideals, there is no present or future: “the jungle devoured him.”

Fiction writing is a reflective resource for self-attestation; The self-attestation is knowing oneself on the path of being truly called to responsible ethical action. Starting from a pre-understanding of the world of human action, mediated by the narrative schematism displayed in the construction of a plot, the story of a life becomes intelligible not only in terms of memory or historical reconstruction, but also as a way of being or of invention of possible worlds which allows a series of imaginative variations of the ego that constitute a privileged access to the self from the chiasm between analysis and reflection. In the following work, the Paul Ricoeur’s reflexive hermeneutics is analyzed to verify how the heuristic role of writing fiction stories, as a product of the imaginary, allows the configuration of a self through the mediation of language. Despite the emphasis that the French author places on reading activity, given his mediating role between the world projected by the text and life, in his hermeneutic of the self and in his narrative theory we find the possibility of extending some key concepts of this hermeneutic writing activity as a mediation between the world of action and the world of text. This allows us to analyze the role of the imaginary in the configuration of the self through the writing of fictional stories.

In this study, the multiplanic character of the linguistic sign, its role in all cognitive processes and Saussure’s success in emphasizing the mental or mental essence of the signifier are claimed. Although he erred in ruling out the material aspect of the linguistic sign, the originality and sharpness of his success makes him deserving of a top position in the history of sign theory. The theories of the sign of Charles Sanders, Louis Hjemslev and Charles Morris are also reviewed to formulate a proposal that gathers the contributions of the four preceding theorists and to vindicate the object or referent of Saussure’s sign, the mental aspect of both the signifier and the signified; of Hjemslev, the substance of the two planes of the sign; and Morris, the subject of semiosis, the interpreter. From the reading of the four theorists object of this study and of those who compose and of those who compose the theoretical framework, it is exposed that only Saussure and Hjemslev give a truly multiplanic treatment to the linguistic sign; and that the acoustic or logogenic image of the signifier, and the mental image or concept of the meaning have repercussions in didactics, in epistemology, in the philosophy of language and in speech therapy.

This paper estimates a Laffer curve for the Dominican Republic using annual data from 1955 to 2018. The results indicate that the tax burden that would maximize tax revenues is approximately 20%, higher than the historical average of 15%. The low tax burden is, in part, the result of tax distortions that include evasion, avoidance, and informality. It is estimated that these distortions are approximately 60%, and their historical evolution corresponds to numerous episodes, including more than 20 tax reforms and five stabilization agreements with the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The conclusions can be useful for the design and implementation of fiscal policies in general and tax policies in particular.

No summary.

La víctima se ha constituido en una categoría controversial en la historia reciente debido a los procesos de subjetivación y resistencias que en ellas se sedimenta, permitiéndonos pensar los desplazamientos y apropiaciones semánticas que ha tenido a la luz de la experiencia reciente. En particular, en lo referido a la violencia estatal y su economía moral. Así, a través de una reflexión sociohistórica, este artículo propone una reflexión en torno a los desafíos de pensar la categoría de víctima en la postdictadura y el contexto actual, mediante sus trayectorias y especificidades en torno a la violencia política en Chile, interrogando sus desplazamientos y tensiones entre la gestión gubernamental humanitaria, a través de las políticas de reparación, así como las acciones de resistencia identitaria. ---- The following article problematizes the contemporary social production of victims in the Chilean context under the reform of the concept of moral economy, endangering the modes of production, uses and appropriation of said category, based on the meanings it has assumed in history recent. Thus, from a sociohistorical analysis, it proposes a reflection on the challenges involved in thinking about victims in the post dictatorship and the current context after the October revolution, through the trajectories and specifications that it has assumed from the experience of violence Politics in Chile Its dynamic nature allows it to be placed at a point of constant tension within the framework of humanitarian government that seeks to manage risk modes, as well as agency and identity resistance, which allows us to rethink contemporary forms of construction of subjectivity.

El objetivo del artículo es analizar las relaciones entre neoliberalismo y subjetivación desde el mundo del trabajo en Chile. A partir de la revuelta de octubre 2019, problematizamos la difícil expresión colectiva del malestar del trabajo en condiciones neoliberales, proponiendo como clave de lectura la ausencia de referencias colectivas para la elaboración crítica de las experiencias individuales. Si diversas investigaciones han dado cuenta de la transformación de las subjetividades laborales en esa dirección, el análisis que se propone vuelve a interrogar desde esa perspectiva las experiencias de negociación colectiva ampliada, desarrolladas en la economía exportadora durante las últimas décadas (sectores minero, forestal y portuario). Lo que se defiende en este artículo es que se trata de procesos de subjetivación política que reposan en narrativas colectivas propias a los sectores productivos, las que, convergiendo con diversas significaciones individuales, operan como marcos de referencia para la crítica del trabajo. La singularidad de estas experiencias revela que la puesta en común de las experiencias laborales constituye un desafío clave para el mundo del trabajo en Chile. ---- The objective of this article is to analyze the relationships between neoliberalism and subjectivation in the workplace in Chile. Starting from the October 2019 revolt, we problematize the difficult collective expression of the malaise at work in neoliberal conditions, by proposing as a key to understanding the absence of collective references allowing the critical elaboration of individual experiences. If various researches has insisted on the transformation of subjectivity at work, the analysis that we propose is to re-examine from this angle the wide-ranging collective bargaining experiences implemented in the exporting economy in recent decades (sectors mining, forestry and port). We defend the idea that these are political subjectivation processes, based on collective narratives specific to the productive sectors, which, by converging with various individual meanings, operate as frameworks for a critique of work. The singular nature of these experiences reveals that the sharing of experience at work constitutes a fundamental challenge for the world of work in Chile.

La hermenéutica de Vattimo se ha caracterizado por su crítica a la metafísica. Así se ha definido desde su postura como pensamiento débil, aunque también desde su compromiso con la posmodernidad, llegando a afirmarse como hermenéutica nihilista. La intención del presente texto es mostrar cómo los conceptos de emancipación y democracia en la filosofía de Vattimo toman un cariz nihilista desde una propuesta hermenéutica determinada, siendo estos vistos a la luz de tal crítica a la metafísica. Al tratarse de términos de la filosofía práctica, harían de tal hermenéutica una hermenéutica política. Sin embargo, la crítica de Vattimo se mostraría incompleta, pues ve la autonomía y la emancipación solo por el lado de la libertad negativa (presuponiendo someramente la reflexiva), dejando de lado la libertad social. Revisando la propuesta vattiamiana, y con ello su misma hermenéutica, propondremos una mirada postmetafísica que apunte a una libertad social que no tenga que comprometerse con el nihilismo. ---- Vattimo's hermeneutics has been characterized by his criticism of metaphysics. Thus it has been defined from its position as Weak Thought, but also from its commitment to postmodernity, reaching the point of affirming itself as a nihilistic hermeneutic. The intention of the present text is to show how the concepts of emancipation and democracy in Vattimo's philosophy take a nihilistic aspect from a certain hermeneutical proposal, being seen in the light of such criticism of metaphysics. As they are terms of practical philosophy, they would make such a hermeneutic a political hermeneutic. However, Vattimo's criticism would be incomplete, since he sees autonomy and emancipation only on the side of negative freedom (superficially presupposing reflexive freedom), leaving social freedom aside. Reviewing the Vattimo’s proposal, and with it its hermeneutics, we will propose a post-metaphysical view that points to a social freedom that does not have to commit to nihilism.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar una contribución crítica al enfoque de la gubernamentalidad desarrollado a partir de Michel Foucault desde la teoría de los conjuntos prácticos de Jean-Paul Sartre. Se sostendrá que el enfoque gubernamental establece un diagnóstico acertado sobre el neoliberalismo y, en particular, del sujeto que engendra, pero quedará truncado en un sentido propositivo debido a que carece de un análisis profundo acerca de los efectos de las diversas fuerzas sociales generadas por el neoliberalismo sobre la capacidad de los individuos para construir proyectos colectivos. Se defenderá que es posible contribuir a superar esta limitación a través del análisis sartreano de las fuerzas que actúan sobre los sujetos y se planteará la posibilidad de pensar la grupalidad como una forma de resistencia al poder subjetivador del neoliberalismo. ---- The objective of this work is to make a critical contribution to the governmentality approach developed by Michel Foucault from the theory of practical ensembles by Jean-Paul Sartre. It will be argued that the governmentality approach establishes an accurate diagnosis of neoliberalism and, in particular, of the subject it engenders, but it will be truncated in a propositive sense because it lacks an in-depth analysis of the effects of the social forces generated by neoliberalism over the capacity of individuals to build collective projects. It will be defended that it is possible to contribute to overcome this limitation through the Sartrean analysis of the forces that act on the subjects and that it is possible to think the concept of groupness as a form of resistance to the subjective power of neoliberalism.