Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Escuela en línea en las costas de Michoacán, México.

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Mindo is a parish located at San Miguel de los Bancos, next to the Preservation Forrest Mindo, Nambillo. It is positioned as a touristic destination, diverse in flora and fauna. This dynamism has generated the development of touristic ventures, most of them managed by families that contribute to the destination offer. Even though Mindo is considered an important destination in Ecuador, it does not generate enough income for a local sustainable development. The aim of this study is to analyze the tourism entrepreneurship of the parish of Mindo, as well as examine actual conditions in which they develop. Qualitative, quantitative and descriptive approach were used in the study, and the following variables were analyzed: individual trust, innovation, risk assumption, decision making, business creation, types of ventures and relations between clients, providers, and competitors who contributed with the study. The most relevant conclusions determine that innovation is a key factor that is not perceived at Mindo’s touristic dynamics; the lack of technical risk analysis gives poor information to make decisions. Finally, the parish and groups of interest are not working together with a defined horizon, this generates nonexistence of agreements and decisions that does not allow Mindo to become a competitive destination.

The aims of this work were identifying the edaphic conditions and estimate the water needs of Dwarf Giant Banana crop (Musa acuminata 'Enano Gigante') in the Soconusco region, Chiapas, México; as well as to assess two different irrigation sprinkler systems. To achieve this, four lots of five hectares each were selected. And, one soil sample per lot and two irrigation water samples were collected. The pH, texture (of soil), cations, and anions in soils and water samples were analyzed using standardized methods. The potential evapotranspiration was estimated by the Thornthwaite method and the real evapotranspiration by the Blaney-Criddle method, to establish the monthly values of irrigation requirements. Besides, the Christiansen Uniformity coefficient (CUc), Distribution Uniformity (UD), and the Applied efficiency (Ea) were obtained under normal operating conditions. The results showed that, in general, the edaphic conditions (Clay loam and Silty loam) for banana cultivation were suitable. At the same, the water quality (C1S1) is suitable and can be used in any type of soil. The annual depth irrigation was 1,118.9 mm. The CUc and UC values for dosel irrigation were 47.7 and 26,1, respectively, and for subfoliar irrigation the ranges were 54.4-67.3 and 44.6-54.4, respectively. As concluision, the two irrigation sprinkler systems are not within the established ranges as suitable.

Keeping soils covered through living mulches is one of the most widely reported strategies to reduce the risk of soil erosion on sloped lands. Nevertheless, soil covers application is not always compatible with the agronomic requirements of vegetable crops. Here, we assess the effect of two living mulches on development and yield of zucchini and lettuce, these crops are typically cultivated in peri-urban systems around Cuenca (Ecuador). A randomized complete block design with 5 replications and three treatments (clover mulch, managed spontaneous natural growth mulch and control) was used. Results shown that yield crops on some mulches are similar yields of those uncovered traditional crops systems. However, implementing and maintaining these mulch crops required more economic resources and labor than uncover traditional crops. These result help identify potential limitations for the commercial implementation of living mulches in vegetable crops under Cuenca conditions and highlight the need to conducts local evaluations of soil conservation strategies.

The study reviews the agrarian policy in Ecuador during the period from 1994 to 2015. The modality of state intervention in agriculture was observed. The goberment action can be summarized in three points: a) the elimination of the agrarian reform, because the lack of  land distribution and its replacement by property registration process; b) the promotion of agro-industry and agriculture for exportation through a large number of laws, decrees and ministerial agreements, as well as the creation of ad hoc bodies for management of market conditions for products; and c) the connection of the Agricultural Production Unit, peasant and indigenous families with the agroindustry, all under the hegemony of the big capitals, under the name of inclusive businesses. In this way, State practices in the Ecuadorian agriculture are partial towards the capitalist class and refractory in a model of peasant economy.

The objective of the study was to determine the dynamics of weeds of the seed bank in the representative agro-ecosystems of the tropical region of Frailesca, in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The systems studied were: the fertile soils (river banks), paddock (grasslands), intermediate lands for the cultivation of corn and in secondary succession (acahual). The methodology of weed characterization consisted on direct seed germination of seed of weed from three soil layers: 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm. Soil samples from these soil layers were placed in trays of 50 x 30 x 10 cm. Each system and soil layer were replicated three times with a total of 36 total sampling units (trays). Trays were placed in a greenhouse and contamination with other seeds was avoided. The variables evaluated were the number of emerged weed species and the number of individuals per weed species, density and relative dominance, floristic diversity and community similarities, and allelopathic effects of the dominant weeds. The results indicate that the intensively managed systems with agricultural activities specifically in fertile and intermediate lands for corn monoculture presented more dynamic seed banks, which occurred in the first 10 cm depth of the soil. The dominant weed species were Cyperus rotundus L. and Melampodium divaricatum Rich. Floristic diversity determined similar indices between systems and depths. The greatest similarities between communities was found among the agroecosystems managed at corn cultivation. No allelopathic effects of the dominant species on the germination and growth of the representative crops in the region were determined.

Nitrogen nutrition considerably influences the process of growing and producing potato crops. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the pattern of biomass and nitrogen partitioning during the growth of potato crop in Mérida, Mérida, Venezuela. Experimental land plots were set, with a randomized blocks design, and with three different fertilization treatment settings for the "Granola" cultivar. The first one without nitrogen (0-N), the next one with 133 Kg N Ha-1 (133-N), and the last one with 400 Kg N Ha-1 (400-N). In the main phenological stages of the crop, biomass and nitrogen levels were measured for each organ. The performance of the tubers and the total biomass are strongly influenced by the availability of nitrogen and assimilatory biomass. The total biomass production, as well as the biomass and nitrogen partitioning to each organ, showed the following sequence: 400-N > 133-N > 0-N. However, biomass and nitrogen partitioning to the roots and stolons was higher in the treatment with limited nitrogen levels. Proportional changes among aboveground and belowground biomass are adaptive responses to nitrogen deficit conditions, which, in their turn, are determining factors in crop production.