Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The precise determination of the reference evapotranspiration ensures computing real values of the crop water requirements. The objective of the study was to evaluate nine methods to determine the reference evapotranspiration for the environmental conditions of the Tumbaco Valley located in the province of Pichincha (Ecuador). Monthly climatological data from La Tola station was used to estimate ETo. The methods used to determine ETO were FAO56, Class A pan, modified Thornthwaite, Hargreaves, Jensen - Haise, Makkink, Priestley - Taylor, Turc and FAO Radiation. The following inferential parameters were used in the analysis, considering FAO56 as base: the absolute mean error, the coefficient of determination, the concordance coefficient and the confident coefficient. The results for monthly average climatological data showed that: i) the FAO Radiation method presented good statistical indexes; ii) the methods Jensen and Haise, Makkink and Priestley - Taylor presented poor indexes; iii) the methods Class A pan, modified Thornthwaite, Hargreaves and Turc presented the lowest inferential values. In conclusion, the method that should be used to estimate monthly ETo for the agro ecological environment of the Tumbaco Valley with good accuracy is FAO56.

Dried beans represent 0.90% of Ecuadorian national production, in transient crops. Yields are affected by the use of uncertified seeds and planting without considering ecological locations. The objective of the research was to evaluate the adaptability of four varieties of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Luz de América parish. Four treatments were used, with four repetitions, under a completely randomized block design. The varieties were: Canario, Centenario, Fanesquero Blanco and Vilcabamba. The variables evaluated were: germination percentage, number of leaves per plant, plant height, stem diameter, days of flowering, days of fruiting, number of legumes per plant, length of legumes, number of grains per legume, percentage of disease involvement, weight of 100 grains and production per hectare. The yield obtained was 1.96, 1.01, 0.96 and 0.87 tons per hectare for the Centenario, Vilcabamba, Fanesquero Blanco and Canario varieties, respectively. In the development, it is concluded that Centenario has smaller size and reached greater performance; Meanwhile, the Vilcabamba variety spent energy growing, a symptom of stress due to the lack of adaptability. It also has poor resistance to pests. The variables number of leaves, stem diameter, and number of grains per legum turned out to be non-significant because they had apparent values.

Corn is a crop of economic importance worldwide. The expression of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics are affected by the environmental conditions to which the plant is exposed. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the development and performance of the corn crop, to contribute with the expansion of the agricultural frontier, using four corn hybrids, during the period november – February 2016. The trial was developed in the parish of Luz de America, province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas – Ecuador. The management was carried out by performing fertilization and pest control of the crop equally in all treatments, the hybrids used were; Thunder-NB-7443, Iniap-H-551, Pioneer-F30K73 and Gladiador-DOW-2B-688; The variables yield per hectare, length of the ear, diameter of the ear and weight of the ear, number of leaves, height of the plant, insertion to the ear, and ear per plant were evaluated. Where the hybrid that better developed in the zone of Luz de America was Pioneer-F., when expressing high yields in terms of production per hectare; being Trueno-NB., and Iniap-H., those that occupy statistically non-significant ranges and during most of the evaluation Gladiator DOW 2B-688; it is the least potentialized. It is concluded that corn tends to adapt, favorably to different environments, however, depending on the agroecological environment can be expressed the tolerance to stress that this generates, which is expressed through production and yield.

This study was designed with to evaluate the bird watching potential in the Cóndor Machay trail. This trail is located in the high montane forest, of Rumipamba parish, in the Rumiñahui canton (Pichincha Province-Ecuador). The birds were visually identified by eleven walk-rounds of 3.5 km carried out from La Caldera sector to the Cóndor Machay waterfall, from September 2017 to March 2018. For each species, its bird watching values were estimated as a variable that combines the parameters of aesthetics, relative abundance, perceptibility, conservation status, endemism, value, and scientific importance, cultural historical value and taxonomic singularity. In total, 58 species of 21 families and 9 orders were registered, with a predominance of hummingbirds (Trochilidae) and Passeriformes. 10 species with the greatest avituristic value were: Carunculated Caracara, Scarlet-bellied Mountain-Tanager, Andean Gull, Great Thrush, Crimson-mantled Woodpecker, Yellow-breasted Brush-Finch, Sparkling Violetear, Spectacled Redstart, American Black Vulture and the Andean Guan. The trail is a refuge for local Andean birds, and has a high value for the promotion of the local bird-watching tourism activities. To ensure the long-term conservation of this site, we recommend regulating the tourist carrying capacity and to implement strict rules for the visitors regarding garbage disposal and pet handling within the path.

The aim of this study was to revalue the ancient techniques of natural dyeing and to contribute to the viability of this important intangible cultural heritage. In order to achieve  this goal, the places where currently natural dyeing are still practiced were identified, it was determined some of the plant species that are commonly used: Lomatia irsuta (Garau), Juglans neotropica (walnut), Alnus glutinosa (Alder), Brachyotum confertum (Killuyuyo) ), Usnea sp. (Old man's beard), Bidens pilosa (Shirán) and the animal species Dactylopius coccus (Cochineal) from which the cochineal dye is extracted. The techniques were recovered and optimized based on factors such as temperature, time, pH, mordant class and amount of vegetable. 21 treatments were performed grounded on the methodology of the artisans and 50 treatments with variation of the most influential factors. The dyes were applied to alpaca fiber and sheep wool. 71 shades were obtained, ranging from intense yellow to pink, flesh, orange, and dark brown. They were classified as interesting tones due to the apparent intensity they presented, to those obtained from the application of the dye extracted from Brachyotum confertum, Neotropical Jungles and Dactylopius coccus. Control tests such as the strength of color to light, manual washing and rubbing showed that the dyeing with most of the species used had satisfactory results according to the grayscale assessment to measure the color change.

This work was proposed to analyze the management of irrigation in the Javita River Valley, Province of Santa Elena, in the context of the implementation of the San Vicente Chongón Transfer. The work was done with participatory methods, gathering information from a sample of farmers in the area. The effects of the Chongón San Vicente water transfer were insufficient in terms of efficiency, relevance, institutional environment, social, cultural, and environmental aspects, according to the opinion of the participants. As case studies, five types of production systems were analyzed. In all cases, the income from extra-farm activities is higher than that obtained from agricultural activities. The agricultural production systems that obtain the best income are those dedicated exclusively to crops under irrigation. The research determines as a guiding framework that: the organization of irrigation is done by family groups; administration, operation and maintenance are allowed by the irrigation boards; the distribution of water is carried out according to the need of the crops; the method of application is drip; the installation depends on the water saving; the crops are preferably short and transient cycle; and, the destination of the production is oriented to the regional or national market. For irrigation to become a dynamic element of the local economy, infrastructure works are not enough. It is essential that the government invest in an inclusive, equitable and efficient rural development program.

Community based tourism planning is a necessity for an optimal local development of the receiving communities. The objective of this research is to structure a series of programs and projects based on participatory diagnostic tools that contribute to the tourist planning of the Piedra de Plata community in Manabí. Meetings were held with the community, in which they were able to identify factors that affect local development, through the use of diagnostic matrices of Internal Factors (EFI) and External Factors (EFE), final proposals were obtained depending on the level of relationship between these factors. The study was complemented by updating the inventory of natural resources, using the methodology of the Ministry of Tourism Ecuador (2017). As a result of the valuation and correlation of the internal and external factors identified, development strategies were defined, which have been transformed into programs and projects for the community. They will become part of an integrated community proposal that will be presented to the sectional authorities. This research takes into account the potential of the agricultural soil in the study area. In addition, it represents an opportunity for the implementation of sustainable modalities such as agrotourism, which holds one of the most sought-after chocolates in the world, whose raw material is extracted from this area, which influences the possible generation of tourism products and infrastructure for the community.

This research allows for an updated diagnosis of tourism activity in the Pedro Vicente Maldonado canton, in which there is a dilemma in strategic planning as to the most appropriate type of tourism to be implemented, according to its conditions. This research uses the emerging paradigm considering the mixed method for the analysis of the tourist system and its subsystems. Each subsystem was analyzed through technical tools, to establish the tourism potential and to define an adequate line of action that allows the local tourism development.

La investigación plantea un análisis de las prácticas pedagógicas hospitalarias desde el enfoque de la teoría de modificabilidad estructural cognitiva de Feuerstein en los estudiantes hospitalarios en edades comprendidas entre los 7 a 15 años que pertenecen al área oncológica de la ciudad de Quito-Ecuador. El método de investigación se concibe bajo el enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo, exploratorio y explicativo, enmarcado dentro del campo de un estudio comparativo. La información fue recabada mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario construido en torno a: a) prácticas pedagógicas utilizadas por las maestras hospitalarias, b) la aplicación por parte de estas (adaptaciones) y su relación con las prácticas, c) nivel de competencias lectoras presentes en los estudiantes, d) teoría de modificabilidad cognitiva de Feuerstein y su correspondencia con la praxis didáctica. Se empleó la técnica del focus-group, para recoger las impresiones de los participantes. La muestra seleccionada fue elegida de hospitales en la ciudad de Quito y Santiago de Chile con Aulas Hospitalarias a efectos de comparar ambas realidades. Además, se aplicó a los estudiantes hospitalizados y en atención domiciliaria la prueba denominada PROLEC R que identifica las dificultades en la lectura de los niños. Entre los principales resultados obtenidos se observa que aún no es comprendido el concepto y la aplicación de la pedagogía hospitalaria especialmente en el Ecuador, no existe especialización en el área y por tanto no se aprovechan los recursos existentes en esta área y por tanto no se logran resultados óptimos, lo cual lo verifican las herramientas de evaluación aplicadas. 

En general, la Educación Matemática hoy se encuentra en el proyecto modernista, caracterizado de una exclusión generalizada, así que hablar de la educación modernista incluyente es una paradoja. Se analiza la inclusión en la Educación Matemática Decolonial Transcompleja, como objetivo complejo de la investigación, Con una metodología transdisciplinar crítica; más allá de los métodos tradicionales reduccionistas. En las conclusiones se tienen que: la Educación Matemática Decolonial Transcompleja tiene la inclusión como estrategia; excelente para re-ligar des-ligando primeramente; el aula trasciende al aula mente social, para incluir armoniosos escenarios de la vida de los actores del proceso educativo; se recrea, alimenta y re-construye día a día el conocimiento matemático; re-ligar antropolíticamente para lograr la inclusión es cohabitar con el conocimiento transdisciplinar y conlleva al accionar con la inclusión como estrategia para la convivencia de los saberes. Lograr la inclusión es ir más allá de los métodos modernistas incluyendo al sujeto investigador, agente activo de cambio y doliente de la crisis; comprometido con el rescate de las víctimas de la Educación Matemática colonial.