Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar los cambios y continuidades de lo que se denomina justicia maya, como esas prácticas de solución de conflictos ancestrales que se han modificado con el paso de los años. La metodología que se emplea es de corte cualitativo y se sustenta en el método de la larga duración histórica en la cual traza una línea en el tiempo que va desde la época prehispánica hasta el Estado nacional. Esto ayuda a tener como hallazgos los cambios en la forma en que se ejerció la justicia maya en el tiempo, además de lo complejo que es comprender desde una sola perspectiva. Con ello se concluye que la justicia maya transitó por eventos que fueron coyunturales para su desarrollo, que se basa en usos y costumbres y que no escapa de la influencia de normas, códigos e instituciones que le  imponen límites, la trastocan y muchas veces modifican sus prácticas.

Cada vez es mayor la afluencia de estudiantes a las aulas de las universidades en busca de información y superación académica en diversas ramas del saber (tendencia en las sociedades que se produjo en los últimos años del pasado siglo XX). Con la emergencia de la nueva economía del conocimiento, la nueva sociedad de la información requiere un mayor número de profesionales con competencias. Ante esta realidad, la universidad promueve mejoras para el proceso docente y se aceleran las investigaciones para aumentar la calidad de la docencia. Se ha avanzado en la incorporación al currículo y a los procesos sustantivos de la educación superior de aspectos que tributan a la formación jurídica y educación en valores del futuro profesional de cultura física con competencias demostradas.

En este artículo se hará una breve ponderación de derechos relacionados con el tema de la llamada muerte digna. El objetivo principal es conocer la importancia de los derechos que intervienen en el proceso de elección de una persona para suscribirse una voluntad anticipada, y decidir sobre su propia vida, así como de las circunstancias que la llevan a tomar dicha decisión. Se tomarán en cuenta los aspectos que intervienen en este proceso para conocer la importancia que tienen y cómo influyen en la voluntad de las personas con enfermedades terminales. También se hará un análisis de la ley de Voluntad Anticipada para el Distrito Federal, con el fin de conocer las ventajas o deficiencias que presenta en cuanto a los cuidados paliativos. Se concluye con una postura frente al derecho de las personas a  que les respeten su voluntad a decidir sobre su vida, asimismo, sobre su muerte.

Professional training should aim to integrate educational processes that include the development of technical skills and citizen competencies in the perspective of professional practice that leads to acting in favor of the common good and public good, from the perspective of citizen duties and rights. The research aimed to determine the levels and predominance of citizenship competencies in university students of health sciences. It included the descriptive, non-experimental design and cross-sectional level. The sample was 210 Peruvian health sciences students from Metropolitan Lima. A questionnaire of multiple questions and a Likert scale was applied. As a result, it was identified that more than half of the students were at a medium level and the others at a high or low level. It was concluded that emotional skills are the most predominant and that communication, cognitive (critical thinking) and citizenship skills (knowledge of duties and rights of citizens) require further development and treatment in the curricular programs of professional training.

Educational audiovisual media seek to facilitate dialogue, expression and participation of the main actors in the university classroom, both teachers and students, in the adoption of new practices that favor the development of classes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the use of educational audiovisual media on the academic performance of nursing students at a private university in Metropolitan Lima. The research focus is quantitative and the design corresponds to the descriptive correlational one. A sample of 123 nursing students of both sexes (112 women and 11 men) was considered. For data collection, a questionnaire was administered and a weighted averages record card was used; and for statistical processing, frequencies and percentages were used, as well as the normality test and the correlation inferential test. The results indicate that the use of educational audiovisual media correlates significantly with academic performance. Likewise, it was obtained that each one of the dimensions of the use of educational audiovisual media correlates significantly with the academic performance of the students in the sample. It was concluded that the use of educational audiovisual media has a positive impact on the academic performance of the nursing students evaluated. This study contributes to rethink the teacher's action regarding the optimal use of educational audiovisual media in the classroom to achieve the improvement of the student's academic performance in the learning processes.

The purpose of the research is to establish the difference by gender in the mathematical competences of five-year-old preschoolers in an educational institution of Independence. To achieve this, the different skills in handling the basic elements of mathematics have been evaluated. Which contribute to the proper development of the reasoning processes. The methodology used corresponds to the quantitative approach, comparative level, basic and transversal. We worked with 80 preschool students evaluated with the Early Mathematical Assessment Test (TEMT). The results indicated that there are significant differences between five-year-old boys and girls. With obvious advantage in favor of boys compared to girls.

The purpose of this research is to identify significant differences regarding the evaluation of teacher performance between participants and non-participants of the Second Specialty Program in Primary Education Didactics in those in public educational institutions belonging to UGEL No. 01, year 2019, is of comparative descriptive level, whose design is non-experimental and of a transversal nature, ex post facto. For this, a class observation sheet was designed, a data collection instrument, which was made up of 26 single response items on a Likert scale, its design was made taking into account the Good Teacher Performance Framework (MBDD) . The intentional non-probabilistic sample consisted of 72 teachers of the primary level in public institutions, belonging to UGEL No. 01 of Metropolitan Lima, Peru. The results found show significant differences in teacher performance in both groups compared. It also shows that there are differences between the two domains: a) Preparation for student learning, and, b) Teaching for student learning.

The general objective of the research was to determine the relationship between cooperative learning and social skills in three-year-old children of an Educational Institution, the type of research was descriptive correlational, the sample was 80 children of initial level, the data collection technique was the observation tab. It is concluded that there is a relationship between Cooperative Learning and Social Skills in the study sample.

Education in the 21st century highlights globalization and internationalization. Teachers in the 21st century are perceived to be experts in technology, effectively involve and teach students of the Z generation. Educational institutions must be equipped with a prerequisite for ICT resources, both in hardware and software, and The curricula are designed to promote a collaborative environment centered on the student. This study determines the skills of the 21st century that teachers possess in terms of social networks, remembering that they still need guidance to use technology safely and effectively.

La teoría del caso es una metodología que utilizan las partes en el procedimiento penal para construir los argumentos jurídicos que habrán de presentar ante el juzgador, con la finalidad de convencerlo sobre su versión de los hechos. En México esta teoría no se encuentra incorporada en el Código Nacional de Procedimientos Penales, su función ha sido interpretada en diversas tesis emitidas por los tribunales federales. El objeto de este artículo de investigación es analizar el contenido y alcance de la teoría del caso de conformidad con dichas interpretaciones, planteando como problema si es posible determinar su naturaleza jurídica en el proceso penal acusatorio mexicano. Se concluye que la teoría del caso es una garantía del derecho fundamental a una oportuna y adecuada defensa, sujeta a las formalidades del debido proceso penal. Como garantía procesal, es el derecho de las partes el exigir su cumplimiento y la obligación del juzgador de velar por su observancia.