Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

A transport fleet must provide a quality, efficient and punctual service, this depending on the customer obtaining the assurance that he is dealing with a serious company, with which it is feasible to establish a relationship of loyalty and lasting. In this way, the optimal design of the transport fleet is conceived of paramount importance, whose structure considers the potential routes and requirements of each organization. In order to contribute to the above, this project consists of the design and evaluation of a methodological model for the design of transport fleets, taking as a technical tool the optimization of routes through the Clark & Wright algorithm. Validating the proposed methodology through the design of a transport fleet for the leading Ecuadorian company in the production of ceramic coatings, which are distributed nationally and internationally, which, for reasons of confidentiality will be called "ABCD". The results showed an efficient and profitable design for the organization, providing it not only with the necessary structure to set aside the outsourcing of the transport service, but also a tool that allows its management and decision making.

 Employer branding or employer branding describes the attraction and retention of human talent, what this tool seeks is to build loyalty among employees as an essential part of work, that companies provide job stability which leads to a team synergy and enhance the corporate image. The research is of an exploratory descriptive nature in the footwear companies of the canton of Cevallos, Ecuador. 25 SME companies were taken into consideration, where an online survey was carried out to reflect their opinion of all the areas of work taken randomly from a total of 133 collaborators, for which a reliability analysis was applied, after which a Chi Square statistical analysis was carried out, The results showed that the companies do not apply the employer branding tool, so human resources must be constantly updated to improve the recruitment processes of attraction and retention of human talent, in which employees obtain a sense of belonging and commitment in companies in the footwear sector.

The purpose of this research is to analyze of environmental influence on branding in the context of an emerging country like Ecuador. To achieve this, surveys were conducted using descriptive questions and a 7-point Likert scale to obtain informed knowledge that could help brands improve their sustainable branding strategies and establish long-lasting relationships with their customers. Convenience non-probabilistic sampling method was used to collect data from students at the Technical University of Machala. The statistical technique of structural equation modeling and a covariance-based approach were used. The research findings indicate that although people are concerned about the environmental consequences of human practices, they do not fully understand the environmental impact of the products they purchase due to lack of information and education. In addition, people trust the concept of organic products, but not in local companies that have involvement in the sustainable segment due to doubts about their commitment to greener production.

The relationship between public and private investment in emerging countries is a relevant topic, as it helps to better understand the role of government in economic growth. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between public and private investment in Mexico and to identify whether there is a crowding in or crowding out effect in the country. The crowding in and crowding out effects can be identified through a time series analysis; for this purpose, data on investment and primary expenditure in Mexico during the period 1993-2021 were used, together with cointegration tests and a linear regression analysis. As part of the conclusions, it has been identified that in Mexico there is a complementarity effect between both variables, verifying the leading role of the government in attracting private investment to the country.

This study aimed to evaluate the phytosociology of the tree-shrub stratum of a segment of riparian forest in the Cutia Stream, in Boa Vista do Tupim, Bahia. Thirty-four transects of 50 m were allocated in the area with points established every 10 m. There were 816 individuals distributed in 64 genera, 28 families and 83 species. The largest IVI was from Astronium urundeuva (M. Allemão) Engl. (31.98%) and the Fabaceae family (79.01%), the most adapted specie was Colicodendron yco (Mart.) Mart. The density was 307 individuals.ha-1 and the basal area 10.6 cm2.ha-1. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was H' = 3.484 and the Pielou evenness index was J'= 0.780. There was no prevalence of pioneer species in the area. Phytosociological information on the tree-shrub component can contribute to future ecological restoration projects or recovery of riparian forests in the middle section of the Paraguaçu Hydrographic Basin.

The purpose of the work is to determine the variation of the conditions of the ecuadorian marine ecosystem based on population changes of the planktonic foraminifera, their biodiversity and biotic and abiotic interrelation ships in the marine environment. The property that planktonic foraminifera have of preferring certain physical-chemical conditions of seawater makes them useful tools for evaluating the marine ecosystem at a given time. The importance of these biological indicators lies not only in knowing the origin and displacement of the currents, but also in their relationship with areas of biological wealth, presence of poor and nutritious waters of the ecuadorian sea, therefore their interest is also related to fishing research and knowledge of the habitat of fish eggs and larvae. Zooplankton samples were collected every month in surface and subsurface waters from the fixed stations of La Libertad and Manta, located 10 miles from the coast, from the beginning of 2016 to march 2019. 17 species of planktonic foraminifera have been identified, being the most abundant: Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinoides ruber, G. sacculifer, Globoquadrina dutertrei, Globorotalia menardii, Orbulina universa and Hastigerina pelagica The maximum diversity of species was found in the second half of the year, august 2018, in La Libertad (2.51 bits) and in october 2018 in Manta (2.74 bits). The lowest abundance and diversity was observed in the first semester, between february and march. The oceanographic conditions of the sea indicate the presence of El Niño events, normal periods and La Niña in the 2+1 region (NOAA) during the study period. Differences in the biological structure in surface waters and in the water column are noted during the different events, standing out among other indicator species, the predominance of Globigerina bulloides in La Niña times and Globorotalia menardii in warmer times. During the first semester of 2019 (March and april) a drastic change in the diversity and composition of the species (lower diversity) is observed in La Libertad with a predominance of Hastigerina pelagica and an increase of Globigerina bulloides related to greater productivity of the sea in the second half of june 2019, in La Libertad. Interspecific correlations and interrelationships of foraminifera with copepods and parameters of temperature, salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll are established.

This study presents the results obtained from the analysis of the coastal dynamics of Puná Island, located in the central area of the Gulf of Guayaquil. This study was carried out through the processing of satellite images, the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as well as wave modeling platforms (Delft 3D). Based on satellite images, both optical and radar, a supervised classification of the study area was carried out to identify land use, in addition to segmenting the coastal strip according to its morphology. Using computer tools such as CoastSAT and DSAS packages, annual erosion and/or accretion rates were determined for the entire coastal zone of the island. It was necessary to sectorize the island, since the coastal dynamics show a differential behavior around it, which have been related to the types of currents with which the island is influenced, i.e., to the north and east mainly by tidal currents, and to the west by littoral currents. Thus, the northern and eastern sectors of the island tend to accretion in the average range of 1.8 to 5.8 m/year, respectively. While the central zone on the west side, where there is greater influence of waves, tends to erosion with an average rate between -2.5 and -1.73 m/year. The results obtained are an important contribution to the understanding of the sediment dynamics around the island, as well as for the sustainable management of the different ecosystemic environments and the anthropogenic activities that are developed in the marine-coastal zone of Isla Puná, where some prevention and mitigation measures can be implemented in the erosive zones as nature-based solutions.

During May to November 2018 in the Salado de Guayaquil estuary, surface sampling of phytoplankton, chlorophyll a, temperature, salinity and surface pH measurements were carried out. Water samples were also collected for analysis of inorganic nutrients (phosphates and silicates). The biological and environmental variables were carried out during the two tidal states in four zones located within the Manglares de El Salado Faunal Production Reserve. The highest chlorophyll concentration was determined in the southwest zone (Puente Portete), in flow with a core of 18.7 mg/m3 at surface level during September and characterized as the highest concentration in the entire study area. The composition of the phytoplankton community in net samples showed similarity between zones 2, 3 and 4 by means of the similarity index, while in zone 1 located to the north (Miraflores and Bellavista Stations) its composition was 73% different compared to the other three study zones.  The environmental variables salinity, pH, nutrients and chlorophyll did not present significant differences according to the different zones, tidal states and months during the 2018 dry season, except for the temperature variable, which presented significant differences observed in zone 1 located to the north of the study area due to the higher surface temperature recorded in May compared to the northwest, southwest and south zones. By means of a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), orthogonal correspondence relationships of the dominant species in each sector and environmental variables were determined, strong correlations were presented between Chorococcus limneticus and temperature, favored by the high availability of phosphates and silicates during the dry season, November 2018 in the northern zone of the study area. So also other phytoplankton species showed a correspondence relationship with other environmental variables in other study areas of the El Salado faunal production reserve.      

The waves are one of the fundamental parameters in the evolution of a coastline. Knowing its detailed behavior, as it depends on different stochastic variables, is very complex. However, through the analysis of time series, it is possible to have an idea of ??the wave conditions in a coastal area. In the present work, the wave conditions of the Bay of Santa Elena are described, in the sector between the beaches of Salinas and Salango, in the period 2016-2020. Different wave conditions were simulated for each month of the study period, considering the variables: significant wave height, period, and wave direction by using the DELFT-3D model, WAVE module. The results were compared with the Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis model, from two virtual buoys near the coast. In general, near the shores of the Bay of Santa Elena there are wave conditions with heights from 0.60 m to 0.93 m, approach direction from 221.1° to 270.1° and periods from 11.5 s to 16.0 s. The results obtained allow us to have a continuous spatial reference grid on the behavior of the waves in Santa Elena, which could be improved with field data over time.

This study focuses on analyzing the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of the water quality of the Casacay River in the province of El Oro, because the water body constitutes a source of supply for various cantons of this province. Through the simple random methodology, various test sites will be found in the vicinity of the study area, where several parameters will be obtained by means of the multiparameter equipment in situ and later analyzed in the laboratory. It was evidenced that in the first monitoring the maximum permissible limits were met, unlike the second monitoring, where certain parameters: oils and fats, biological oxygen demand, and total petroleum hydrocarbons, did not comply with the maximum permissible limits of the quality criteria of water sources for human and domestic consumption of the Ministerial Agreement 097-A. Therefore, the purpose of this study is based on identifying the optimal ones to establish water quality indicators and guarantee a safe water source for its purification and final consumption.