Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The present study seeks to critically review the state of the blended learning researches in the Iranian context. For this critique, 47 papers about blended learning were found in a number of indexing databases and their contents were analyzed. The contents mainly revolved around use of relevant terminology, features of blended learning, methodology, levels of blended learning, variables of the study, and the analyzed educational programs. Some major criticisms that can be leveled at these studies include limited range of terminology, inappropriate use of key concepts, overemphasis on quantitative methods, overuse of pseudo-empirical method, lack of case studies, mistaking blended learning for application of computers in education, excessive concentration on the level of educational programs, superficial treatment of the distinction between learning and retaining, lack of attention to some of the variables of blended learning, and use of blended learning for primary and secondary education.

This paper, which derives from the PhD thesis ¨The Macho-driven digital Iceberg¨, uses a qualitative methodology and gender and (cyber) feminist theory to explore sexual and sexist cyberbullying of female adolescents in the Basque Country. To confront this reality, 9 discussion groups were formed: 3 male, 3 female and 3 mixed, with students from stages equivalent to GCSE and FE (4th year compulsory secondary education and 1st year further education) (Spanish ESO and Bachiller), as well as 2 online forums. This qualitative methodology has allowed us to analyse the different types of bullying suffered by teenage girls, and study in depth the sexist and macho/ patriarchal structures underlying these forms of cyberviolence. Amongst the most relevant results, of most significance is that, just as in offline reality, the social media produce schematic and asymmetric gender relationships and, consequently, gender violence. On social media specific forms of cyber violence are aimed at girls, who receive more insults about their physical appearance, are sexually intimidated and receive more sexist comments than boys.

Social networks offer both positive responses as well as situations of risk for children’s empowerment. The social phenomenon of child sexualization, already rejected by women due to discriminatory connotations, the passive role, and tolerance to violence, has become widespread on the Internet with apparent impunity for brands and the media who reproduce these images due to the low level of awareness among girls and parents who publish them on social networks. Faced with a call from legislators, parents and researchers to protect children’s rights, the objective of this research is to gain greater knowledge regarding the state of the issue of child sexualisation in the digital environment, and to gather some proposals for media literacy. The methodology used was a review of the literature on sexualisation, digital advertising, childhood commercialization, as well as children and fashion in the databases of academic journals and university libraries. The conclusions demonstrate the contributions necessary from opinion prescribers the media, parents, educators and advertisers in order to avoid reducing sexuality to sexualisation, and in raising awareness of the impact of commercial images that are capable of generating risky behaviour.

Mobile media such as smartphones and tablets allow children to have more flexible and personalized habits, and create new opportunities for private use within the home, school and public spaces. The project known as Net Children Go Mobile, in which Denmark, Italy, United Kingdom, Romania, Belgium, Ireland, Portugal and Spain have participated, is focused on the analysis of this new reality and its possible consequences for children. This study presents the most significant results of this project in Spain, based on a survey of 500 Spanish children between the ages of 9 and 16, and either their father or their mother. One of the major findings is that online risk does not necessarily lead to harm, as indicated by the children themselves. In fact, the research project entitled EU Kids Online showed that children who face the highest number of online risks are not necessarily the ones who suffer the most harmful consequences; on the contrary, they are usually the ones who have greater skills and develop more resilience.

The digital environment is no longer something new and has become part of our daily lives. As an example, anyone can imagine a day without watching TV, but hardly anyone can imagine a day without being digitally connected to their environment (a day without WhatsApp, or a day without checking email). However, this is not something exclusive to adult life; minors, from the time they are children, are part of the digital ecosystem in which they learn initially by imitation, also by intuition, but ultimately from their own experience.

The article focuses on the study of the authorship of deontological production on violence against women and the media in Spanish and Latin American contexts from 1999 to 2018, based on a sample of 58 guidelines. Objectives: to analyse the specific authorship by gender to identify men’s and women’s degree of involvement and whether there is a relationship between the gender of the authors’ of the guidelines and their level of commitment to them. Methodology: the use of empirical research techniques for the study of the authorship, from which five types have been established, women or majority of women, men or majority of men; mixed; a women’s collective; and institutional authorship (unknown). Results: 60% of the guidelines were written with women’s advice, while 9% has been attributed to men. In 10% of them men and women have participated equally, 7% presumably belongs to women’s collectives, and the remaining 14% of authorship is unknown. Moreover, this quantitative difference is related to the degree of commitment of the guidelines, that is, the guidelines attributed to women present higher levels of commitment than those produced by men.

The arrival of Netflix in 2015 promoted the presence of other communication groups in Spain through online platforms. The situation accelerated in 2016 and a clear tendency toward the consumption of non-linear content could be observed. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to gain knowledge regarding the audiovisual consumption of young people between 14 and 17 years of age and to study the role of users on these platforms. A structural methodology has been used that is based on the following: a bibliographic review, exploratory studies to determine these changes, and surveys of students of lower and upper Secondary Education. The results of this research have allowed us to determine the consumption patterns of minors, the genres that predominate, the platforms they use most, and whether they are content prosumers.

Ficha técnica: Cristina González-Oñate (Coordinadora)UOCBarcelona, 2019164 pp.ISBN: 978-84-91804-30-7

Ficha técnica: Gabriel Galdón LópezCEU EdicionesMadrid, 2019333 pp.ISBN: 978-84-17385-26-2

Ficha técnica: Nicholas J. CullMedford: Polity Press2019272 pp.ISBN: 978-07-4569-12-06