Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

En el presente trabajo se analizan las políticas educativas que se han desarrollado en la amazonía peruana desde principios del siglo XX hasta la actualidad. Esta región representa un claro ejemplo de territorio caracterizado por su diversidad étnica, cultural y lingüística al estar formado por una amplia proporción de campesinos, indígenas o nativos, y por los inmigrantes que por razones económicas han migrado a la selva. En concreto, se describe el proceso de transformación que ha pasado de una educación indigenista, cuya finalidad era crear un modelo asimilacionista, hacia una educación intercultural y un modelo de integración cuyo eje central es la interculturalidad.PALABRAS CLAVE. Educación intercultural; lengua; educación bilingüe; indigenismo; Amazonía peruana.Doi: 10.21703/rexe.20191836garcia1

Presentación edición 36

Edición 36

Introduction: The incidence of oncological illnesses has increased considerably all over the world and breast cancer is not the exception.Objective: To identify the risk factors of breast cancer in women treated in Doctor's Office number 9 of "Aleida Fernández" Teaching Polyclinic, La Lisa Municipality, from January to June, 2016.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted. The universe of study was composed of 296 women aged 18 years or over, belonging to the population health area surveyed during the study period. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were first made to every woman and then a questionnaire was applied. Distribution of frequencies, percentage calculations, and Chi-square test were carried out to determine the association between risk factors and the presence of breast cancer.Results: A 29,4% of women aged 60 years or over; 42,9% of them reported smoking as a toxic habit; 74,7%  were under 30 years of age at the time of the first childbirth; and 55,4% of them breastfed for at least 6 months or didn´t do it.Conclusions: It was demonstrated that postmenopausal obesity, no breastfeeding or doing it for less than 6 months, menarche before the age of 12 years, first births in individual ages after 30 years, and nulliparity were the risk factors for breast cancer that predominated in the population studied. A statistically significant relationship was observed between breast cancer and the aforementioned risk factors.Keywords: Epidemiology, risk factors, breast cancer, women, primary health care.

Introduction: Physical rehabilitation can be benefitted from the use of devices, which are usually patented. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) is one of the largest and most recognized patent and trademark offices. The characteristics and evolution of patents for physical rehabilitation is of great interest; however, there are few studies in this respect.Objective: To identify the characteristics of patents of physical rehabilitation devices for the physical rehabilitation of damaged limbs registered the United States Patent and Trademark Office.Material and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. A search was made at UPSTO using a list of keywords related to rehabilitation. Ten groups of patents related to rehabilitation were chosen. The variables studied were: patent number, publication date, country, holder, patent area, limbs for which the patent is useful, and portability. A descriptive analysis was performed by using STATA v.14.Results: A total of 1971 patents were analyzed, of which 16.2% were included in the rehabilitation groups and 83.8% in the physical exercise groups. The 36.6% of them were corporate-owned patents, 29.9% were portable, and 46.3% had usability which demonstrated to be useful for both extremities.Conclusions: Of the patents found, those focused on physical exercise were predominant. There is a greater number of useful patents for both extremities. In addition, there is an upward trend over time, the number of patents in the area of rehabilitation, and portable inventions.Keywords: Patents, rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, exercise, exercise therapy, rehabilitation research

Introduction: Foodborne diseases constitute a health problem in the world, involving products of animal origin, vegetables, water sources, and foods ready for consumption.  The problem arises because of the inadequate manipulation of food and the possibility of transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, mainly of a bacterial type.Objective: To describe the different conventional and molecular diagnostic techniques used in the food industry.Material and Methods: A search was carried though the analysis of review articles, original articles, and theses during a period of three months; these articles were written in English, Portuguese and Spanish.  In their content, they demonstrated the use of conventional and molecular methodology for the identification of microorganisms in different types of food.Results: The conventional methods for the identification of these microorganisms make use of well-established protocols and norms, but require too much time for their identification and, in some cases, they provide low sensitivity and specificity. Molecular techniques are proposed as an alternative for the microbiological evaluation of food because they are fast, sensitive and reliable.Conclusions: Molecular techniques are proposed as a new and faster alternative for the detection of microorganisms, reducing the time for the emission of results from days to hours; identifying pathogenesis factors, virulence and drug resistance with only one assemblage, thus providing high sensitivity and specificity.Keywords: Pathogen, Diseases, Food, Transmission, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques.

Introduction: The Zipf-Mandelbrot law allowed the development of a methodology that makes quantitative distinctions between acute and normal cardiac dynamics in an objective and reproducible way.Objective: To confirm the diagnostic capacity and clinical utility of the software that automates a methodology based on the Zipf-Mandelbrot law that performs objective diagnoses of the cardiac dynamics.Material and Methods: A blind study was performed with 80 Holter records, 20 normal and 60 with pathological findings. The software organized heart rates in a hierarchical way through their frequencies of occurrence in ranges of 15 beats per min, linearized data, and obtained statistical fractal dimension which allowed the realization of the complexity analysis.Results: The statistical fractal dimension of the normal Holter records was found between 0,720 and 0,913, and exhibited values between 0,454 and 0,665 in the abnormal Holter records. A Kappa coefficient of 1, and specificity and sensitivity values of 100% were found.Conclusions: The clinical utility of the Software that automates the methodology based on the Zipf-Mandelbrot law was confirmed, which allowed to evaluate the behavior of normal and acute cardiac systems.Keywords: Heart rate, fractals, nonlinear dynamics, Electrocardiography Ambulatory, diagnosis.

Introduction: Professional Burnout Syndrome is a response to chronic work stress, which results from the failure of the strategies to treat these situations.Objective: To determine the frequency of Professional Burnout Syndrome and the behaviour of its three components in the doctors of the Pediatric Teaching Hospital of Cerro.Material and method: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 45 doctors from a universe of 65 professionals who worked during the month of March 2018. Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) was used. They were classified as presenting Professional Burnout Syndrome when the three sections had very high figures. The individuals that demonstrated to have low degrees were classified as not prone to the syndrome; those that reached an average degree in some dimension were considered moderately prone; the ones that showed a high degree as well as other groups with average and low degrees were assessed as highly prone to presenting the aforementioned syndrome. Simple proportions and central tendency measures were used for the analysis.Results: A 100% of answers were obtained; 6.7% of those evaluated presented Professional Burnout Syndrome; 31.1% were evaluated as not prone. The rest of the population showed to be moderately prone (26.6%) and a 35.5% was considered highly prone.Conclusions: It is important to take into account and evaluate the existence of this syndrome which, although it demonstrates to have a low frequency, it shows a great potential danger of developing the syndrome in more than half of the population studied.Keywords: Professional burnout syndrome, exhaustion, health workers, occupational stress, Maslach Burnout, Inventory.

Introduction: At present, dengue fever persists as a latent problem for public health in our country. It should also be borne in mind that the cases of dengue fever have presented a growing trend during the last 5 years, with a number of 76 093 cases in 2017 (3.03 times more cases with respect to the year 2016); and 93 deaths, which represents the highest figure in the last 5 years.Objective: To describe the clinical, epidemiological and geographical profile of dengue fever in the EsSalud Lambayeque Network 2017, during El Niño Costero Phenomenon.Material and Methods: Patients of all ages and both sexes with an epidemiological record of a clinical diagnosis of dengue identified by the epidemiological surveillance system, in the EsSalud-Lambayeque Health Care Network, during El Niño Costero Phenomenon. Descriptive statistics with calculation of absolute and relative frequencies for qualitative variables and mean with standard deviation for quantitative and free software QGis 2.14 for georeferencing.Results: The age was 7.2 + 20.4 years, 27.9% from Chiclayo, 52.9% were women; 77% had dengue without warning signs, 1.5% died. Of the 874 cases, 335 ones (38.3%) were positive, and 213 (63.5%) were diagnosed from reference laboratory. The most frequent clinical symptoms and signs were fever, headache, arthralgia and myalgia. The most frequent alarm sign was decrease in platelet.Conclusions: Dengue fever affected the adult female population from Chiclayo more frequently; presenting no clinical warning signs.Keywords: dengue, El Niño Phenomenon, rain, clinical profile.

Introduction: The manufacturers of DMC 35% hydrogen peroxide propose a whitening technique of vital teeth that waste the product and the time of treatment, so a modified technique would bring material and economic benefits for operators and patients. Objective: To describe the application of a modified technique in vital teeth whitening using DMC 35% hydrogen peroxide.Case presentation: A 44-year-old female patient undergoing a whitening treatment with a modification of the technique proposed by the product manufacturer. The modification consisted in the use of a single application of the bleaching gel instead of three applications, and an increase in the exposure time to 40 min instead of the 10-15 min recommended by the manufacturer. The variables used to evaluate the treatment and its results were defined by the registration of the color before and after treatment and also by the satisfaction of the patient with the result. The teeth exposed to treatment were found with healthy enamel tissues without dentine exposure on any of the surfaces.Conclusions: The described modification of the whitening technique proposed by the manufacturer with DMC Lase Peroxide Sensy (35% hydrogen peroxide) consisting mainly on the use of a single application and the increase of the exposure time in a single treatment session contributed to a considerable saving of the product and led to the change of the final coloring of the teeth, which resulted in the full satisfaction of the patient and the protection of her exposed teeth and tissues.Keywords: Teeth whitening, dental aesthetics, cosmetic industry, 35% hydrogen peroxide, single application of the bleaching gel, change of the final coloring of the teeth.