Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

  The Arabidopsis Vacuolar Pyrophosphatase-1 (avp1) gene, which encodes the enzyme H+ pyrophosphatase, improves drought and salinity tolerance and increases biomass and yield when overexpressed in transgenic plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenological, physiological and agronomic characteristics of beans cv. Pinto Saltillo (PS) transformed with the 35Sprom:avp1 gene under conditions of extreme water stress. The experimental design consisted of a random distribution of 10 homozygous plants for each of the 9 PS-avp1 lines, as well as unmodified control plants. Irrigation was suspended in the phenological stage of 50% flowering and water stress started from 100% to 9% volumetric water content (CVA), over 10 days. The results showed that the drought intensity index (IIS) was 0.78. Even though the stomatal conductance and perspiration showed a rate of decrease similar to the non-transformed plants, the photosynthetic rate of all PS-avp1 lines was higher than the control plants under conditions of water stress. The increase in total biomass in some PS-avp1 lines did not correlate with a higher yield. Seven of the nine lines evaluated showed a higher yield (35%-96%) compared to non-transformed PS plants under stress conditions, indicating greater efficiency in the translocation of photoassimilates to the target organs (seeds).

  In the arid zone of northwestern Mexico, rye cultivation is not established, and it is necessary to generate their knowledge in agronomic matters. The objective of the present study was to determine the feasibility of rye cultivation considering nitrogen fertilization doses evaluating the yield and its grain quality components. The research work was carried out in the municipality of Hermosillo, Sonora. The sowing date established was December 15, 2016 using a drip irrigation system. The evaluated rye variety is called Criollo Tlaxcala. Fertilization treatments consisted of 1) control without aggregate of N (N 0); and 2) 80 kg N ha-1 and 3) 150 kg N ha-1. The results indicate that as the fertilization dose increases, it significantly influences the yield and quality of grain. Likewise, the results show that the protein content exceeds those reported in different countries in rye by 11%.

The cultivation of the prickly pear (Opuntia spp.) has positioned Mexico as the world leader in the production of this agri-food product. Because the harvest is sent to different markets throughout the country, distribution and marketing operations represent a challenge in this supply chain. This research was conducted based on the national production obtained in 2016, with the objective of developing a distribution network that maximizes the profits of the producers. The hypothesis was that based on a consolidation center strategy, it is possible to design a model for a distribution network that selects optimal routes based on transport costs and sales prices in the demanding markets. Mixed integer linear programming with continuous variables was used to determine the quantities of products to send and integer variables to select the consolidation centers. The proposed model was implemented; through, an algorithm programmed in Matlab which applies mathematical optimization techniques to evaluate the best feasible solution. The results indicate that four consolidation centers should be used in the state of Guanajuato, ten in Zacatecas, one in Hidalgo and Puebla respectively, two in the State of Mexico and six in San Luis Potosí. With this proposal, the state of Zacatecas concentrates at least 50% of the harvest, so this location is key to optimize the profit in the supply chain of the prickly pear.

Integrated pest management can be understood as an information system that supports decision-making regarding the phytosanitary management of crops. This system is built around the understanding of the population dynamics of the pest organism in its interaction with the host and the environment. In Mexico, in 2003, the phytosanitary alert system of the state of Guanajuato (SIAFEG) was established as an instrument to evaluate the impact of the main pests and diseases of some crops of economic importance in the state. In 2010, studies were begun to build the fall armyworm model, joining the SIAFEG in 2011. The elements that were combined to integrate the warning system for S. frugiperda were: the information of the network of agrometeorological stations of INIFAP-COFUPRO in Guanajuato, a model of dynamic simulation of the growth and development of the insect and data on the population dynamics of the insect. The model estimates the population dynamics of the fall armyworm. Comparing the estimates of the model with the adult trapping data, a significant relationship was found, which indicates that the model can be used reliably. Applied to long-term studies (2 or more years), the model can be very useful to understand the causes of the variation in population levels and damage to crops from one year to the next.

The objective of the work was to evaluate the use of radical and progressive innovations used in the management of maize and its impact on yields per hectare. A questionnaire was applied to a sample of 110 maize producers in the municipality of Calpan, the application rate of radical innovations (IAIR), the degree of use of progressive innovations (GEIP) were calculated and they were typified to producers in low, medium and high, according to the IAIR and GEIP. The results indicate that the GEIP average was higher (60.1) than the IAIR (40.2), that there is a positive relationship between GEIP and yields, but not between the IAIR and yields. The variables that had a positive influence on the IAIR were schooling and the level of income, while for the GEIP were the number of members in the family and the age of the producer.

En el marco del diseño de las políticas públicas por parte del gobierno federal para orientar el rumbo de la educación superior y la ciencia en México, un grupo de investigadores de reconocida trayectoria se suma a la discusión para definir los cambios necesarios en el actual sexenio, cambios que permitan avanzar hacia una política de Estado

Objetivo: Asociar los aspectos socio demográficos y la calidad de vida en salud bucal del personal del Municipio de Azogues – Ecuador. Material y métodos:  La presente constituye una investigación transversal, descriptiva, observacional misma que investigó a 185 adultos, aplicándoles una encuesta para determinar aspectos relacio- nadas a datos personales, determinantes sociales y uso de servicio odontológico. Seguido se indagó sobre el im- pacto de la salud bucal en la calidad de vida utilizando el cuestionario validado Ohip –14Sp. Se efectúo análisis univariado y bivariado. Para el estudio bivariado se utilizó el Odds Ratio (OR) para asociar los factores mencio- nados con la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud bucal (CVRSB). Se contó con un nivel de confianza del 95% y un p<0,05. Resultados: No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa al evaluar todas las variables con CVRSB; el grupo con la mayor prevalencia de impactos según el nivel de instrucción fueron Universitarios con un 46%; según el ingreso mensual, los de ingreso mensual menor a $1000 con un 66%; de acuerdo a la denominación laboral los trabajadores con un 53%; de acuerdo al motivo de consulta, fueron otras causas 39%. Sin embargo, a pesar de que no hay una asociación significativa, se puede apreciar que el sexo masculino fue el más impactado. Conclusiones: Las determinantes sociales y CVRSB no estuvieron asociados. Las dimensiones limitación funcional, dolor físico y obstáculos fueron las más frecuentes.

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We analyzed the relation between land use patterns and chemical quality of surface water bodies that make up the sub-basin of the Virilla River, Costa Rica. For this purpose, a total of 64 monitoring sites were selected, distributed in the 15 micro-basins that make up the sub-basin, where a total of four samples were drawn between November 2014 and December 2015. The following parameters were analyzed for the samples collected: Hydrogen potential (pH), conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), sedimentary solids, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), total nitrogen, chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO42-), sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, manganese, copper, chromium, nickel, zinc, lead, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and temperature.  Cluster analysis, based on the results of chemical analyses of surface water samples, showed that the 15 micro watersheds could be grouped into six clusters, where groups I-IV showed a greater contribution of pollutants derived from the discharge of wastewater from urbanized areas. The Spearman correlation study revealed that, with increasing urbanization, the pollutant load of COD, BOD, TSS, NH4+, and NO2- in rivers increased, compared to those where agricultural land and forest use predominate.