Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Reseña sobre el libro "Realidad aumenta y educación. Innocación en contextos formativos"

El presente estudio pretende revelar las condiciones de entrada con las cuales ingresan los estudiantes a la vida universitaria respecto a la adquisición de las competencias digitales, declaradas como una competencia clave para insertarse en sociedad por varias instituciones gubernamentales y académicas, dada la globalización y dinamización de la sociedad facilitada por la red global de internet, la cual ha modificado todas las formas de comunicación, socialización y operación de los servicios más básicos de la cotidianeidad. Por ello no debe faltar en el desarrollo de saberes, habilidades y actitudes de todo ser humano, siendo entendida como una herramienta imprescindible para toda la ciudadanía. La Universidad de Magallanes en Chile, ha instaurado desde el año 2010 para todos los estudiantes que ingresan a primer año,  en cualquiera de sus carreras profesionales, la aplicación de una Prueba de Suficiencia en Computación, la cual tiene como objetivo validar las habilidades y saberes  relativos a las Tecnologías de Información y la Comunicación (TIC) de los estudiantes, basándose básicamente en la propuesta que el sistema educativo Chileno promueve en este orden para la enseñanza básica y media, diseñada por el Centro de Educación y Tecnologías - Red Enlaces del Ministerio de Educación (2009), para así reconocer cuáles son las competencias adquiridas durante ese proceso, y otorgando la posibilidad de valorar saberes previos, y eximirse de cursar una asignatura, en caso de aprobación. El objetivo principal de la prueba, en el contexto de ésta investigación, es saber si realmente los estudiantes ingresan a la vida universitaria con competencias digitales instaladas, si se encuentran formados o preparados en este ámbito, y por otra parte tiene que ver con conocer los ámbitos con áreas de oportunidad que se detecten a partir de la evaluación y que tengan relación primeramente con la Matriz de Habilidades TIC para el aprendizaje y las consideradas de experiencias de otras universidades e instituciones del mundo, que permita gestar comentarios y sugerencias para potenciarlas en el proceso formativo universitario.

With the changing students’ generations and education content as well as modernization of educational technologies, various technical solutions are increasingly used by the teachers to supplement daily classroom activities. One of the novelties introduced in Lithuania in 2013 – ActivInspire system – was oriented towards mathematics and science education process in the 5th classes. The purpose of the survey presented in this article is to summarize one school year’s teaching experience of teachers in organising educational activity in classroom by using interactive teaching tools (ActivInspire system) in terms of assessing influence of technologies on students’ learning.Teachers using ActivInspire interactive whiteboard for teaching mathematics and science in the 5th classes participated in the survey. The survey method – qualitative. During one school year, the teachers were writing reflections about their experience in using interactive learning tools in classroom: interactive whiteboard, electronic textbooks and audience response system.When speaking about the influence of use of ActivInspire on students, the teachers mostly emphasize that students like working with interactive teaching tools or find such activity interesting and appealing. The teachers also remark that these tools encourage the students to be more active; they are convenient as well as effective in the learning process, encourage the students to learn more and have influence on their study results. The negative aspects mentioned by the teachers were such that it is difficult for the students to maintain discipline; students’ interest and enthusiasm in using the interactive tools slackens over the school year; technical problems sometimes occur.   

This research analyses the organization, work processes and qualityof the information produced by Narrativa Inteligencia Artificial, theonly company in Spain that writes journalistic texts using the softwareknown as Gabriele for distribution to various media. The studywas conducted over a six month period using in-depth, semi-structured interviews with four company professionals with complementary profiles, as well as participant observation during the process of creating an automated news item, and an online questionnaire filled out by 145 journalists (N=145) to assess the quality of the texts produced. The results show that the start-up company fulfils the demands of different sectors such as communication media, and has been increasing the productivity of its content, although it still does not generate complex texts, as this is one of many human qualities that robots continue to lack.

Sport coverage has become an expanding field for automated journalism due to the inherent nature of competition. Sporting events have a strong statistical basis that fosters the use of structured datasets and helps media outlets schedule news routines as a result of the cyclic, repetitive nature of matches and tournaments, and consequently of news coverage. This article is a case study of AnaFut, the first bot developed by the digital native newspaper El Confidencial. This is the first Spanish media outlet to use this technology for the automated writing of sport articles. Content analysis of eighty published sport reports, semi-structured interviews of journalists from El Confidencial, and questionnaires giving to a panel of five experts were carried out. The results show that development and application of Artificial Intelligence in journalism and in the sports field in particular is still in its early stages, and that media organizations from the most technologically advanced countries are leading the search for innovation.

Technological advances have created a media ecosystem in which traditional journalism sees its existence strongly threatened by the emergence of new players. Social networks have created a competitive environment that, whether due to its dispersion or its capillarity, relegated the mainstream media to a secondary role in the media ecosystem. Ironically, the technologies that threaten traditional journalism are also those that can save it, provided they are used correctly. Journalism, weakened by the effects of the economic crisis and with increasingly smaller newsrooms, has artificial intelligence as an opportunity to recover a certain centrality in the media ecosystem. This paper studies AIDA, a project of Brazilian television Globo. This project sought in automation a response to avoid errors and ambiguities in the news. The study of the AIDA case, complemented by interviews, presents the challenges to achieve automate the news regarding electoral polls.

The article addresses disinformation as a phenomenon that goes far beyond the term “fake news.” These terms have been appropriated and misused by powerful actors to underestimate news coverage, giving rise to disinformation and, therefore, a sharp fall in news organizations’ credibility. Disinformation includes all forms of falsehood, inaccurate or misleading information, intentionally designed, presented, and promoted to cause public harm or for profit. To counteract this phenomenon, institutions, organizations, universities, the media, and governments have backed several initiatives. Many of these initiatives rely on artificial intelligence that designs and develops bots and platforms through algorithms, whose objective is to fight against information toxicity. This paper analyzes the main developments of bots used to mitigate the impact of fake news.

In fields such as journalism, the digitalization process runs in parallelto that of robotisation tasks, which facilitate professional workand imply the loss of routine jobs at the same time, but also the needto train in emerging disciplines that are progressively entering medianewsrooms. The automation of documentation and news productionis based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data (BG).The main objective of this article is to search for theoretical referenceson AI applied to journalism as well as to learn about the caseof BeSoccer through a case study and in-depth interviews with itsCEO and marketing manager. The results allow us to discover newjournalism production forms closely linked to BD and IA.

Ficha técnica: Jorge Costa DelgadoSiglo XXIMadrid, 2019381 pp.ISBN 978-84-323-1943-3

Ficha técnica: Tobias Eberwein, Susanne Fengler y Matthias KarmasinRoutledgeLondres y Nueva York, 2019302 pp.ISBN: 9780815361671