Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between sociometric types, behavioral categories and use of learning strategies and study skills (Attitude, Motivation, Time Management, Anxiety, Concentration, Information Processing, Selecting Main Ideas, Aid Study Scale and Self-Assessment Strategies Scale) in a sample of 1349 (51.7% boys) Spanish adolescents, ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. Methodology: the students' sociometric nomination was performed by the Programa Socio and for the analysis of learning strategies and study, the Learning and Skills Inventory Studies High School Version, (LASSI-HS, Weinstein and Palmer, 1990) was administered. Results show that students positively nominated by their peers obtained significantly higher scores on the use of learning strategies and study skills adaptive for learning. Sociometric types were found to be a significant predictor of the use of various learning strategies and study skills, as students positively nominated by their peers were more likely to achieve high scores on the use of appropriate learning strategies to study. These findings are discussed taking into account the effect size of the differences and their theoretical and practical implication.

Cuando en 1923 Einstein estuvo en Madrid, dijo que su teoría de la relatividad no era más que la continuación de lo que habían hallado Newton y Galileo. Ciertamente este último estudió los distintos movimientos y llegó a definir sus diferencias, concluyendo que el movimiento de un sistema se capta solo en relación a «cosas que carecen de él; pero entre las cosas que participan igualmente de él, nada opera y es como si no existiese». En este texto se intenta exponer la diferencia entre su descubrimiento de la relatividad y el de Einstein, el cual comporta la equivalencia de masa y energía y la fundamental valoración de la velocidad de la luz.

Objective: Investigated the function that traditional cuisine currently has as a place for food preparation in the cultural reproduction of Huay Max, a Macehual community of the so-called Maya Area in the Municipality of José María Morelos in the state of Quintana Roo. Methodology: A qualitative investigation has been carried out, using a descriptive approach combined with ethnography and considering the domestic group as the unit of analysis. To document culinary practices and their meanings conferred by the components of the community, three domestic groups were selected and submitted to semi-structured and in-depth interviews (carried out in Mayan), and to participating observation. Results: Show that extended domestic groups are the basis of the organization of productive and food activities; they furthermore indicate that products used to elaborate the dishes are provided both internally and externally. With respect to the meaning that men and women conferred to food and cuisine, this depended on the value of these practices, on the people, and on the sense of belonging to the territory, which confers identity. Nevertheless, due to male migration, social assistance programmes, and scarce agricultural productivity, nonlocal products and industrial food are incorporated into the diet. These products modify the cuisine and the culinary practices, as well as contributing to a decrease of self-sufficient agricultural production, and consequently, to an abandonment of maize agriculture. Limitations: The machismo that still prevails in the community prevented working with more domestic groups. Conclusions: Despite this, the meanings conferred to the cuisine and food, are fundamental for the resistance and cultural reproduction of these groups.

Objective: Characterize innovation processes of micro, small and medium enterprises participating in the tourism services market of the Sonora River. Methodology: A semi-structured interview was applied to a non-probabilistic sample consisting of 20 companies. The instrument allowed gathering information about innovations in four areas: product, process, organizational and marketing. Results: Innovation types adopted by companies are related to process and marketing; on the other hand, organizational innovation shows the least acceptance. The main motivation to make innovations was to satisfy needs imposed by demand. Limitations: This study was limited to adoption of innovations situation by rural companies, however, in subsequent studies can establish relationships between innovations and variables such as business competitiveness and leadership types. Conclusions: The situation analysis of tourism services companies in the Sonora River region shows the presence of innovations for their survival. The contribution of this study lies in the generation of empirical knowledge about the adoption of innovations carried out by rural MSMEs, aspects about which little has been documented in the academic literature.

Objective: To examine the different reasons that the inhabitants of Mitla have to participate in the programs Ruta Caminos del Mezcal (Mezcal Route) and Pueblos Mágicos (Magical Towns); to examine the social relations among the people involved in these projects in order to understand how the image of local cuisine is built for it to be commercialized for tourism.Methodology: A qualitative methodology was used. The category of motivations for social participation in the two tourism programs was analyzed via a case study. Semi-structured interviews, observations and ethnographic walks were carried out. Results: The general motivation for participating in these programs was identified as the improvement of the community’s economic development through cultural elements such as the local cuisine. Furthermore, each of the involved parties relates and appropriates the government’s discourse on touristic projects in their own way and according to their particular interests: cultural, social and commercial benefits, for example. Limitations: There were no measuring instruments for the participation of the inhabitants. Conclusions: Regional development is the main motivation for participating in the development of tourism activities. The informants claim that a wide range of tourist attractions such as the diversification of activities related to the local cuisine would increase the stay of tourists in the municipality and, thus, there would be more social and economic benefits for the entire community.

Objective: Characterize the credit choices of milk producers in Hermosillo, Sonora, using two different methods to approach them. Methodology: Two approaches to choice were used: a) Based on Bertrand, Karlan, Mullainathan, Shafir y Zinman (2010), evidence was sought of how the advertising content persuades the loan applicant; appealing "peripherally" to intuition rather than reason. b) Based on Meier & Sprenger (2010), through a quasi-experimental design of rewards, the change that the election suffers according to the type of reward and the time received is observed. In the first study, a non-random sample of 30 producers requesting credit was used, while in the second a sample of 53 producers was intentionally selected, both groups of Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Results: In both studies a predominance of intuitive behavior of the people was observed when choosing, in addition significant differences were found between the intuitive choice and the time in choosing, the income, the informal financing sources and the ratio. Limitations: Because to the size of the sample in both studies, a causal inference of the intuitive behavior on the credit choice of the producers is not allowed, only the relation between both is presented. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, the intuitive behavior exhibited by the participants, in both studies, can lead to unsatisfactory results in their future financial choices, which would have a negative impact on the development of the region.

Objective: To carry out a comparative analysis between the Plan Puebla and MasAgro strategies, through its extension component, in the "05 Cholula Rural Development District", in the state of Puebla. Methodology: Application of a census survey to small producers of active original temporary maize of the Puebla Plan and to a sample aimed at small producers who work with MasAgro. Results: With MasAgro's extension, strategy there is less participation of technicians, lower quality in the service offered to the small producer and lack of openness to work the extension service with local traditional cultural elements around corn production. Limitations: The "Plan Puebla" and "MasAgro" are programs that operated in different periods, but they are important references of learning about this process and its impacts on family farming. Conclusion: Farmers qualify the elements of extension of MasAgro as insufficient, low applicability to local reality and high costs of the proposed technologies.

Objective: To determine the main factors which generates the severe food insecurity in Mexican States (SFI) over the period 2008-2014. Methodology: The capabilities approach and econometric models with panel data. Results: The SFI shows a positive and significant relation with the growth of National Consumer Price Index of food, the global unemployment rate and the employment rate in the informal sector; at the same time, the SFI presents a negative association with the education levels of the population, as well as with the Gross Domestic Product of the primary sector. Limitations: The econometric study, that was carried out in this investigation do not consider the possible spatial effects, because these ones were not significant. Conclusions: Higher levels of inflation rate in food, general unemployment and employment in the informal sector generates a SFI in rise. Whilst, higher levels of education and growth of the Gross Domestic Product in the primary sector contributes to a lower SFI.

Objective: To distinguish internal factors influencing competitiveness, which determine a higher level of socioeconomic impact of social enterprises Methodology: A questionnaire was designed, and applied to the companies´ manager. Conglomerate and Principal Component Analysis was used to classify the companies by socioeconomic impact level. The odds ratio was estimated to measure the relationship between internal competitiveness and socioeconomic impact through logistic regression analysis. Results: The factors that had greater relation with the socioeconomic impact were, the competitive salaries, the accounting register of its operations, the innovations in distribution systems and the attention of the local clients, as well as the investments in the social enterprise. Limitations: One limitation of this study is that only the internal factors that influence competitiveness are analyzed. Conclusion: The study represents a basis for improving the administrative management of social enterprises, focused on increasing their socioeconomic impact, as well as for the establishment of public policies that encourage their creation or strengthening to contribute to regional development.

Objective: Elaborate a set of tables that constitute the input-output (IO) framework of Sonora in 2013. Methodology: The construction derives the regional supply and use tables (RSUT) through the regionalization coefficients obtained from a regional information database (RID) and the SUT-EURO method. Then, RSUT are transformed into Regional Input Output Table (RIOT) from model D of the United Nations (UN). Results: shows statistical consistency with the regional data of the System National Accounts (SNA), in addition, the procedure raises an alternative solution to the problem of limited information, since it takes advantages of more statistics information available that provide greater precision and regional sense. Limitations: The main limitation is that it uses a mathematical structure that does not make interregional trade flows explicit. Conclusion: The process offers a conceptual and statistical framework that provides the necessary information for the evaluation of the regional structure and the design of public policies tending to promote economic activities that magnify the growth and development of the region.