Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

Los estudios e investigaciones sobre el liderazgo constituyen uno de los temas de mayor interés para la comunidad educativa. Estamos convencidos de que, al ser un factor de eficacia y mejora de los centros, es necesario seguir investigando para encontrar los perfiles personales y profesionales que mejor se adecuen a la cultura organizacional. En este sentido, el ejercicio de la dirección en los centros educativos, debe plantearse el uso de las tecnologías como medio para mejorar la calidad educativa en sus instituciones. Esto significa, no sólo hacer cosas nuevas, sino hacerlas de forma diferente.

Introduction: The research poster is a printed infography that has the function of showing the process of a scientific investigation and that meets certain specific characteristics. At present, the way of carrying out and evaluating them is still very ambiguous, with the need to establish a consensual form of elaboration and thus to have a model and an appropriate guide based on what the literature offers. Objetive: to establish criteria for the elaboration of posters, based on the review of the literature that presents guiding guidelines. Methods: Information Search was carried out in electronic information sources: metasearch engines (PubMed, Bireme (BVS), Trip Database and Búsqueda de Información Global (BIG-UASLP) and multidisciplinary and specialized databases in health (Academic Search Complete, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Medic Latina). The results were exported and organized within the Zotero bibliographic manager. Result: The review of the literature showed us differences between each author as well as the indiscriminate use of advice and/or personal points of view that did not add any academic value, since they did not have the necessary bibliography to be supported, it also allowed us information that had sufficient bibliographic support to present a global recommendation on how to present a research poster. Conclusions: The standardization of the research poster format opens the way for a better performance in the communication of a scientific work. In addition, it allows the implementation of a correct evaluation criteria by the institutions that carry out this type of activities in congresses and conferences, it also ensures that the poster will have the necessary elements to reach the understanding of this without the need for a speaker.

Introduction: Traditionally the evaluation of the competences necessary for the execution of successful surgical procedures in residents of general surgery had centered on written exams. Even those attempts for measuring the aptitude to identify the surgical anatomy have been partial and subjective. To incorporate the use of TIC in the evaluations allows, by means of the simultaneous promotion of the digital literacy, to create a complementary evaluation that demonstrates the real degree of learning, without the need to expose the patient to unnecessary risks. Objective: To propose a complementary evaluation to measure the capacity of the surgeon in training for the identification of the anatomical structures with surgical relevancy incorporating the use of TIC. Method: An experimental trial was realized to 30 residents, from second to fourth year, of the general surgery residency program on surgical anatomy. It was compared a Group A with 15 residents to whom it was applied a written evaluation with questions of multiple option with a Group B of 15 residents to whom it was applied an evaluation based on a specialized software of anatomy (Essential Anatomy) within electronic tablets. Results: The middle ages of the residents were 27 years (millennials), 67% corresponds to the masculine gender and 33 % to the feminine gender. The Groupe A obtain a global significantly minor qualification (X = 6.0333) in comparison with the one obtained by the Group B (X= 8.0467). It is due probably since the residents are more acquainted with the in vivo surgical own(proper) anatomy of the practical activities inside operating room, that with the surgical anatomy of the literature. Conclusions: It is possible to use a complementary evaluation based on ICT, out of operating room and safe for the patient, to measure the ability to identify the surgical anatomy in residents of general surgery.

Introduction: In the last decade, the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Chile has modified the curriculum of its eight health schools, with the objective to guide the educational process of the students according to their professional profiles.Aim: To determine the impact of curricular innovation in the perception of educational environment of the second-year students of School of Medical Technology of the Faculty of Medicine. Method: This was a cross-sectional study. Four successive cohorts (N = 308), two of them with a former curriculum (years 2012 and 2013) and two others with an innovated curriculum (years 2014 and 2015), were surveyed with the DREEM questionnaire. This instrument was designed to measure the perception of the educational environment and consisted of 50 items, divided into 5 sub-scales: perception of teaching, teachers, learning environment, academic and social self-perception. Results: The overall mean scores of the questionnaire were significantly higher in students in the two years post curricular innovation (2012:116.2; 2013:117.6; 2014:131.1; 2015:133.3). In addition, in the 2014 and 2015 cohorts the percentage of students who considered the educational environment as excellent increased significantly (2012:6.6%, 2013:7.5%, 2014: 20.8%, and 2015:23.7%). In two of the five sub-scales of the DREEM questionnaire, perception of teaching and perception of the learning environment, significantly increased the positive perception in the students with innovated curriculum. No differences were detected among the 4 cohorts in the rest of the subscales. Conclusion: According to the students' opinion, the process of curricular innovation in the School of Medical Technology successfully corrected some deficient aspects of the former curriculum. The DREEM questionnaire gave indications about the priorities when reforming the curriculum.

Introduction: The teaching given by teachers and their way of teaching is associated with school satisfaction. Student opinion plays an important role related to the evaluation of the teacher knowledge. Objective: Determine the student's satisfaction level of the Medicine School, with their academic teaching and mentoring from Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Villahermosa. Method: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional and prospective study was conducted in students of the first and third semester of the Medicine School at the Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Villahermosa in November 2015; A 22-item questionnaire with a Likert scale with Cronbach's Alpha of 0.817 was applied, the Chi-square test of Pearson and Rho of Sperman were applied, accepting a p <0.05. Results: A total of 81 students from the Medicine School, 37 male (45.7%), and 44 female (54.3%), with an average age of 19.54 ± 3.47 years were surveyed. The 61.7% referring to 50 students considered satisfied, 60% received academic mentoring where 59% said they were satisfied with this tutorship. 67% of the community is satisfied with the academic attention given by the teachers, found a relationship was found between the level of knowledge and the teacher's actualization (p <0.05). Conclusions: The majority of the population was satisfied with the teaching performance, the number of professors and the academic attitude of the teachers, the mentoring process reinforce the academic improvement.

Introduction: Teacher professional training, curricular development and didactic planning (DP) are relevant in the quality of the educational processes in the Mexican Institute of Social Security. In the Guanajuato Delegation, graduates of professionalization (DPDES) have been implemented to train teachers and ensure that quality. Objective: To identify the quality of the DP carried out by the graduates of the DPDES, from the years 2009 to 2015, of the Guanajuato Delegation and its relationship with the time elapsed since its conclusion and teaching antiquity. Method: Correlational, cross-sectional, prospective study. A Rubric was validated to evaluate the quality of the DP (REQ-DP). We included 24 active professors, graduates of the DPDES from 2009 to 2015 (size according to correlation of 0.6, confidence level 95%, power 80% and losses 20%); each one gave a DP for its analysis; Stratified and proportional random sampling. Inter- and intra-observer concordance was calculated in the REQ-DP applicators, descriptive statistics and Spearman's test were used. Results: Reliability of the REQ-DP rs = 0.9; inter-observer agreement k = 0.84; intra observer k = 1. The quality of the PDs in half of the cases was very bad to bad. Correlation between DP quality and DPDES discharge time, rs = -0.238 (p = 0.263). Correlation between DP quality and years of teaching experience, rs = -0.248 (p = 0.242). Conclusion: The REQ-DP is valid and reliable. The quality of the DP is precarious and has little negative relationship with the years of graduation from DPDES and with teaching seniority.

Introduction: Each teacher according to his perception and appraisement interiorize the elements of the social structure of the educational institution to which belongs, which shapes the set of ways of seeing, feeling and acting to build the professional teacher identity. Objective: To enquire the two conceptions of pedagogy and medicine in the construction of the professional identity of the teachers of the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Method: Qualitative study, with a phenomenological and procedural view of the way teachers constructed their vision of social reality and their own identity. The technique of semi-structured interview based on modified grounded theory was used. Results: In the teaching practice of the Faculty of Medicine professors, two visions of pedagogy (teacher-centered and student-centered) and two visions of medicine (one focused on science and the other on science and art) converged. In the teachers of the biomedical area, the pedagogical conception centered on the teacher coincided with the idea of medicine as a science. The institution offered two versions of teaching practice in a complex and non-unified context. This hindered the interaction between the teachers by their different conceptions that in turn influenced in the construction of the professional teacher identity. Conclusion: It was recommended that the FM establish mechanisms for effective and close communication among teachers through joint and interdisciplinary activities and projects, so that the two conceptions are enriched and fused to strengthen the construction of a professional teacher identity that benefits the educational practice of the institution.

Medical education has transformed teaching and learning practices in the last century in order to respond to the social, cientifical and technological challenges of each moment. Some of the innovations are still being implemented and have even been adapted to other contexts (i.e. problem-based learning), while others have been discarded. In order to present a broad perspective of the educational innovations in medicine, the authors undertook a critical review of the literature and identified the new approaches that impact curriculum, teaching and learning, and assessment of this practice. This article covers the findings regarding the first two dimensions. In regards to curriculum, the different models for defining and organizing the medical education curriculum that were proposed as an alternative to the Flexner structure are discussed (i.e. modular structure, flexible curriculum, competency based education). Then, teaching strategies that have tried to promote active learning and foster student-centered approaches for developing clinical skills in students will be described (such as, Problem-based Learning, One Minute Preceptor and SNAPPS). Curriculum and teaching innovations have influenced one another and have also had an impact on assessment practices. In another article, innovations in this area will be analyzed as well as the role that technology has played in the implementation of innovations in medical education.

Introduction: The interpersonal relationship is one of the pillars of nursing practice. These relationships are based on the empathic understanding and acceptance of patients. Developing specific skills is a fundamental aspect to effective therapeutic relationships. Nevertheless, the Chilean nursing undergraduate programs lack this component. Aim: to analyze barriers to teach and learn interpersonal relationship skills from lecturers and students’ viewpoints. Method: A qualitative study based on content analysis was conducted, by using semi-structured interviews with lecturers and focus group with students of one Chilean school of nursing. Results: Fifteen lecturers and eight students took part. For the lecturers, the main barriers to teach interpersonal relationship skills are their scarce training on this topic and the lack of content in the undergraduate program. For the students, barriers to learn these skills include the underestimation of these by their lecturers and few opportunities to practice the skills. Conclusion: Further research is need explore the characteristics of educational interventions to train these skills, considering lecturers’ training and inclusion of the contents in the curricular program.

Abstract: The journal Investigación en Educación Médica celebrates one more year of life. This publication was born as an idea in 2008, as a formal project in 2010, and finally appeared as a publication in 2012, after a long process of planning, design, approval, legal authorization, recruitment of editorial body, authors and arbitrators, with the determined academic, economic and political commitment of the Faculty of Medicine of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. It has been a fascinating journey, full of satisfactions and challenges, which in balance has contributed to the visibility and dissemination of the results of the work of hundreds of health science teachers from several Mexican and foreign universities.