Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

The objective of this article is to analyze the cargo mobilized by the Port of Esmeraldas to export, in order to find the factors that generated the negative variations found between the period 2012-2018. The relevance of this analysis starts on the fact that the volume of cargo exported is one of the main indicators considered when assessing the economic situation of a country, therefore, when identifying counterproductive figures with economic growth, it is necessary that its causes be identified to provide information to the relevant authorities. The quantitative method was applied with an exploratory and descriptive approach, using the survey and the interview as tools to obtain direct information from the clients that export through this port. The results show that the most influential factors correspond to external factor, out of the responsibility of the port, specifically the International Economic and Commercial Situation surrounding the country's export production, especially international prices and the international commercial situation of customers abroad. . Although there were internal operational failures in the port during the same period, from the perspective of the exporting client these were not representative as much as the external reasons found.

This is an original article that manifests as the vegetation cultivated near the Amarillo river, absorbs the reagents used in flocculation in mining activity that are: Cyanide (CN) and Mercury (Hg); these means are by infiltration, irrigation, and by winter time when the flow is greater and increases, reaching the crops that are on its banks. Reference samples of the orange (citrus sinensis) were collected, and through these results the high concentration of these reagents was evidenced exceeding the maximum levels for heavy metals proposed by FAO and WHO. The assimilation occurs gradually in the process of absorption of nutrients from the plant and is evaded by it to a certain concentration, however, when exceeding it produces an overload to the stem, leaves, flowers, reaching the fruit and causing an alteration in the Photosynthesis, growth and uptake of Potassium (K), which are consumed and marketed by the local community producing a biomagnification of heavy metals in their organisms causing serious damage to their health that are not yet visible.

The present study was developed at the enterprise Rioimpresiones of the city of Riobamba, Chimborazo province , Ecuador. The type of research was documentary, field and descriptive; the methodology used had a quantitative approach; The technique used dealt with  interviews and for the data collection a questionnaire was established as an instrument. The research hypothesis consisted of demonstrating that the implementation of a manual stacker can reduce absenteeism at the enterprise Rioimpresiones. In the first investigation stage, a historical study, related to labor absenteeism was conducted. In the second stage, it was determined how labor absenteeism negatively affects the operating costs of the company. In the third stage, the use of a manual stacker was implemented to transport loads and thus determine the decrease of labor absenteeism problems. In the fourth and last stage, the hypothesis testing was carried out for which the enterprise was evaluated to determine if the use of the manual stacker decreases the company's absenteeism from work. As a result of the investigation, it was possible to demonstrate that the use of an industrial safety tool, reduced the absenteeism of work and, consequently, reduced the operative costs of the enterprise.

Financing is one of the main constraints to innovation and has been a subject of great debate. The present investigation seeks to identify for the Ecuadorian case under empirical evidence the effect of financing on the type of innovation (in processes or products concatenated to the level of innovation, whether incremental or radical). The National Survey of Innovation Activities (ENAI) 2012-2014 is used as the main source. Using the multivariate probit and probit methodology, some relevant considerations were obtained: financing through the private sector is the one with the most statistical significance, financing with resources external and own have significant effects but not in the same magnitude to private financing; Finally, public financing or government support, together with the other types of financing, are not presented in any model as significant.

Introduction: For a few years, education has witnessed changes in training. We try to go from a training based on the passive acquisition of theoretical knowledge to another more active, dynamic and reflective formation. The ideal way to assess professional ability is to observe what the doctor does in the usual situations in his or her practice. As this involves great technical difficulties, instruments that closely approximate reality have been designed, such as Structured Objective Clinical Evaluation.  Objective: The objective was to apply a structured objective clinical evaluation to assess the clinical skills of fifth-semester students.  Method: A test committee was formed by four teachers from the general medical training area. A table of specifications of clinical skills was made to evaluate students with planned clinical cases, including anamnesis, physical examination, clinical judgment, anatophysiological diagnosis, imaging skills and therapeutic communication. Four stations were designed, their content was validated through expert judgment and the predictive validity of the checklists was calculated. The test was applied to 17 students, the instrument was validated, results of the descriptive statistics were obtained and the Cronbach’s alpha was calculated.  Results: The analysis of agreement of the evaluation instrument according to the experts was acceptable because the condition of essential exceeded 80%; Predictive validity and Cronbach’s alpha in three of the stations was significant, chagasic heart disease was the best evaluated with 97.5 and the general Cronbach’s alpha was 0.507.  Conclusions: The instruments used in structured objective clinical evaluation have sufficient validity and reliability to be applied in the research context and improve the quality of clinical evaluations, making them more objective and with greater possibilities of feedback in the learning process.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies allow health professionals to identify trends of morbidity and health problems in the population, helping to identify groups exposed to certain risks and to  describe populations in terms of their health profiles. Objective: To describe the impact of situated knowledge on the academic, scientific and social results of the clinical epidemiology course in the 10th semester of the medical career of the Universidad Marista de Merida. Method: A descriptive, observational, prospective study, during the clinical epidemiology course, an academic program based on situated cognition was developed. It contemplated theoretical learning at the same time as practical learning through the design, implementation, analysis and implementation of health projects with an epidemiological approach allowing medical students to integrate their clinical, practical and theoretical knowledge acquired during their formation. Results: The students expressed positive views about the field activity, managed to integrate clinical, theoretical and practical knowledge from other areas of the medical science and practice; They reinforced their vocation of service and their interest to reduce the health problems of the communities, while they expressed interest in getting involved in the continuation of their research projects, presenting them at conferences, publishing, and continuing their research as thesis topics. Conclusion: This study allowed the student to understatement of the cultural and social differences in which health problems can present and to facilitate the statistical analysis of the data understanding its origin.

The importance of primary care (PA) in the health care of the population is recognized, although in countries like Peru there are still certain challenges that must be solved, such as lack of human resources, lack of training, poor sanitation of rural areas, and the improvement of the resolutive capacity of health facilities.

In a recent study reporting the prevalence of burnout syndrome (SB) in a sample of pediatric residents1, one of the conclusions was related to the difference in SB experience among first, second and third year residents, taking as a reference the classification of the 3 components (emotional fatigue, depersonalization and personal fulfillment) in levels (low, moderate and high).

Introduction: The rubrics, as formative assessment tools, are an excellent strategy to get students to achieve the learning objectives designed by the teacher, since it allows to identify the quality standards of the tasks or learning activities, which favors self-reflection About the achievement of meaningful learning. Objective: To compare the learning of students who use a rubric to do academic work as the approach of a problem in medical research, unlike students who do not use it. Method: A quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, comparative and prolective study was designed in which 87 students of the research methodology course of the medical degree of a private school in the south of Tamaulipas were included. Two groups were integrated: Group A (n:43) composed of the students of the teacher who used the rubric as a guide for learning and group B (n:44) whose students corresponded to the teacher who taught the course in a traditional way. Student t was used for independent groups, considering a value of P ≤ a 0.05 as statistically significant, using the SPSS version 22 package. Results: The mean score in group A was 68.6 vs 59.6 in group B, representing a mean difference of 8.9 and a p value of .033. Conclusion: The use of the rubric, in the teaching-learning process, promotes greater learning in the subject of research methodology.