Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

In this research, we seek to experimentally determine the undrained shear strength (Su) of a soft clay soil by unconventional methods in the practice of Peruvian Engineering. The fall-cone test was used, which is a laboratory equipment commonly used to obtain the liquid limit of soils. To calibrate the results, laboratory miniature vane test equipment was used, which provides direct measurement of Su. The study was conducted with thirteen undisturbed samples extracted from the localities of Rioja and Moyobamba in the San Martín region, Peru. As a result, an empirical correlation was obtained that allows the undrained shear strength of these soils to be determines from the fall-cone test. The research concludes that, with adequate calibration, the fall-cone is a reliable tool for determining the undrained shear strength of soft soils. Furthermore, its simple and low-cost execution makes it a quick and economical alternative.

In the construction industry, productivity is sought to improve by innovating time management, a poor indicator in projects where activities are executed conventionally. In this sense, the research aims to evaluate the consequences of delays in projects and how to optimize time by incorporating the Lean Construction model. The procedure considers the review of bibliographic material, articles, construction magazines and projects that propose innovating time management with the Lean Construction model through the tools Last Planner System (LPS), productivity balance sheet, productive work (TP). , contributory work (TC), non-contributory work (TNC), percentage of parts completed (PPC) and application of the 5”s” tool. The results found that support the article correspond to the Barranco 360° project located in Lima that includes information on the productivity balance chart close to 80%, TP (40%), TC (41%) and TNC (19%), to the project Residencial Gold San Francisco in Cusco with a productivity index of 39.5% and project “A” with a productivity deficiency of 20% in its construction works. It is concluded that the statistical results applying Lean Construction tools allow time management, mitigating restrictions and providing quick and efficient solutions, optimizing productivity without neglecting quality in the execution of the project.

The objective of the study was to improve the safety management system through the implementation of behavioural safety in order to reduce the accident rate in the Raura mining company. In terms of methodology, an applied quasi-experimental design was used with a quantitative approach at a descriptive level, using survey and observation techniques, the information was collected through the use of observation booklets and questionnaires. The study population and sample consisted of 80 workers. The results, when comparing the statistical data of 2022 and 2023, a reduction in the number of accidents and incidents was achieved, indicating a significant decrease in the number of accidents by 73%, with the implementation of the SBC methodology, very positive results have been obtained by educating, training and training workers, increasing their level of knowledge and awareness of safety. Also, the trends show an increase of 89.4% in safe behaviours and a decrease of 10.7% in risky attitudes. It is concluded, the SBC methodology has a significant impact, changing risky behaviour to safe behaviour helps to prevent and reduce accidents.

In this issue, we want to highlight innovative projects and sustainable practices that are changing the engineering landscape. From emerging technologies in construction to the use of artificial intelligence to optimize processes, our articles address how engineers are using their creativity and technical knowledge to tackle complex problems.

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las percepciones de la eficacia colectiva, la autoeficacia y el trabajo colaborativo en línea, condiciones que fueron impuestas producto de la pandemia de SARS-CoV 2. Los constructos son analizados en relación con las categorías de desempeño en el nivel de enseñanza secundaria. Es un estudio de alcance descriptivo y correlacional no experimental que consideró una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia. Participaron 266 profesores que respondieron una encuesta sobre el trabajo en línea asociado con los constructos propuestos. Los resultados sugieren que los profesores se consideran eficaces a sí mismos en el trabajo docente en línea, pero no tan eficaces en el trabajo colectivo docente en el contexto de enseñanza en línea. Las conclusiones permiten orientar estrategias focalizadas para la mejora de procesos colaborativos del trabajo docente y obtener mejoras educativas en aquellas prácticas educativas que se realizan a través de entornos virtuales.

The professional practicum included in the curricula of Education Programs is seen as a formative space that has high relevance since it challenges future teachers to take on an active role in the classroom and to immerse themselves in the educational reality under the guidance of experience professionals: a mentor teacher designated by the educational center and a tutor teacher chosen by the university.  This practicum is widely recognized as a favorable scenario for the generation of reflective processes leading to the construction of pedagogical knowledge, however, it continues to be a subject of dispute in various sectors that argue that it has not managed to impact the quality of teaching performance and that the reflective processes continue to be situated from a technical and instrumental level. In view of the relevance of the tutoring provided by the university in this training area, this article presents the results of a study focused on the meaning attributed by the practicum tutors to the contribution they make to the training of future teachers, in the promotion of reflective processes that contribute to the configuration of pedagogical knowledge. A qualitative methodology with a hermeneutic phenomenology approach was used. Two universities located in the Central South Zone of Chile were considered and six tutor teachers participated in a semi-structured interview in the year 2021, delving into the experiences obtained from the fulfilment of their role. For the analysis of the data, an inductive procedure was used based on the summary of phenomenologically based meanings, supported by the Atlas.ti software, v. 9. The results show that the tutors highly value their formative contribution, emphasizing the transmission of knowledge of teaching acquired in the exercise of their profession. On the other hand, it is evident that the intentional reflective processes in tutoring are situated only in the emotional, experiential and technical domain, without a theoretical framework that acts as a reference for the critical analysis of pedagogical action and for the construction of pedagogical knowledge. The conclusion is that there is a need to move towards a model of practical training that favors critical reflection among students and that, in particular, aims to analyze the teaching practice, taking into consideration not only the practical and experiential knowledge that they acquire in the reality of school, but also its relationship with the theoretical knowledge transmitted in initial training and vice versa. To this end, the university needs to emphasize the role of practicum tutors and promote instances of support and constant updating on the different theoretical and practical dimensions of pedagogy, on educational policies and their effects on pedagogical practice, and on teacher reflection and strategies to promote it in their students. They must also possess personal qualities that enable them to provide the support required by the trainees, including empathy, flexibility and the ability to communicate in order to generate the support required by the trainees. Mentoring cannot be based solely on the personal criteria and self-validations of the person performing this function but requires specific training and monitoring of the role they are fulfilling.

In this article, we present a comprehensive and updated synthesis of research on the knowledge of Mathematics teachers in initial training, both in general and in the areas of geometry and trigonometry. This synthesis is the result of a systematized bibliographic review that combines a secondary and tertiary study of the literature, including specific studies published between 1986 and mid-2020 in high-impact journals in the Americas and Europe, as well as previous reviews on this topic. Among the descriptive results, related to the characteristics of the research products considered, the limited research reported on the knowledge of teachers in initial training around trigonometry stands out. Also noteworthy is the predominance of internal studies—conducted by teachers or training institutions within their own courses or settings—originating from English-speaking countries, qualitative and empirical in nature, and on a small scale, typically involving between 1 and 50 participants. These characteristics regarding who, how, and where research in the field is conducted align with those reported in previous bibliographic reviews, showing that these trends have persisted for more than 15 years, regardless of the inclusion of Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking journals or the focus on specific educational levels and mathematical areas. Among the analytical results, concerning the content of the research products included in the review, the focus on mathematical knowledge of teachers in initial training stands out, in comparison to the attention given to teaching knowledge or in relation to the teaching practice. Likewise, there is a predominant prescriptive and deficit-oriented view of teacher knowledge, focusing on what teachers should know or what they do not do, do not know, or do not understand. In conclusion, we emphasize the need for more research on teacher knowledge in trigonometry, as well as large-scale studies conducted and published in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking countries, with objectives that go beyond mathematical knowledge and the prescriptive and deficit-oriented view of the knowledge of teachers in initial training.

This research aimed to calculate and visualize the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) by processing freely available multispectral satellite images from the PeruSAT-1 satellite. The images covered the coastal area and three districts in southern Lima, Peru. The methodology applied image processing using MATLAB’s App Designer interface under segmentation and multispectral analysis techniques to extract relevant data from the available RGB and NIR spectral bands. Image correction and enhancement, meticulously performed, were also carried out to ensure the extracted data were accurate and useful for subsequent analyses. Additionally, the developed application enabled the visualization of the NDVI and NDWI indixes. It provided representations of the histograms of the four spectral bands and the profile and average reflectance.

There are some documents that deal with the use of spectral analysis of AM modulation but a joint analysis in the time and frequency domain is not found. This is why the aim of the present study was to show the benefits of using state-of-the-art oscilloscopes and spectrum analyzers for teaching carrier-present AM modulation (DSB-FC) in the time and frequency domains. For this, a spectrum analyzer, a radio frequency generator and an oscilloscope were used and we worked with different frequencies and modulation percentages. With the oscilloscope, the effective voltage (VRMS) and the peak-to-peak voltage of the pure carrier (Vcpp) and for the modulated carrier were measured, from these data the carrier power Pc and the total power PT were calculated, then the values. With the spectrum analyzer, the carrier power, total power (channel power) and the powers of the lower and upper sidebands were measured in dBm, µW and mV, and the theoretical values ​​were calculated. Finally, the corresponding percentage errors were calculated for the two types of measurements. The results showed generally very low percentage errors, with the oscilloscope the maximum error was 14.38%, while with the analyzer the maximum error was 8.99%. In conclusion, DSB-FC x-learning teaching through laboratory experiences using modern spectrum analyzers and oscilloscopes provides very good quality experiential learning.

En el ámbito internacional, el rol del nivel intermedio en la gestión de la convivencia escolar ha sido escasamente estudiado. En Chile, los estudios han expuesto una gestión incipiente y desprovista de condiciones laborales que favorezcan su desarrollo. Este estudio se propuso caracterizar la gestión de la convivencia escolar a nivel intermedio en dos aspectos relevados por la literatura: cualidad y cantidad del recurso humano, y roles y funciones en convivencia escolar. La investigación fue descriptiva e inferencial. Participaron 678 encargados del nivel intermedio de cinco dependencias administrativas. Los resultados muestran que las características en la calidad y cantidad del recurso humano difieren según el tipo de dependencia. Sin embargo, las funciones y acciones implementadas en convivencia escolar tienden a ser similares. Se discuten las condiciones de inequidad en las que desempeñan sus funciones y el efecto de las políticas de accountability sobre su gestión.