Sistema Regional de Información
en línea para Revistas Científicas de América Latina,
el Caribe, España y Portugal

La educación colonial en Chile es un tema que ha sido escasamente abordado por los historiadores e intelectuales del país y, dentro de la exigua bibliografía que existe dedicada exclusivamente al tema, se puede observar una perspectiva común entre los historiadores que, o bien tratan el asunto de manera superficial o bien lo hacen con un evidente animo de reprobación hacia la cultura clerical que fomentaba este tipo de enseñanza. En el presente artículo revisaremos el plan de estudios de la Compañía de Jesús llamado Ratio Studiorum, para por medio de ella dar cuenta de los lineamientos y objetivos que se había trazado la enseñanza jesuita durante la colonia. Con esta presentación esperamos contribuir al conocimiento de una parte importante de nuestra historia de la enseñanza en Chile, así como también de nuestra historia cultural.PALABRAS CLAVE. Compañía de Jesús, Educación, Plan de Estudios, Humanismo, Escolástica.doi: 10.21703/rexe.2017321371489

Introduction:  Students´ lack of motivation in the teaching-learning process of statistical content is evidenced in the medical studies. This situation goes on negatively on their professional motivation since it has an effect on the quality of the health care services. Objective:To encourage professional motivation of medical students in the teaching-learning process of the statistical content. Material and methods: A pedagogical intervention was carried out in the University of Medical Sciences of Camaguey from September 2015 to July 2016.  For it, a sample composed of 105 students was selected directly, to whom both an individual interview and the composition technique were applied; later, different activities were involved in carrying out the work with all of them to finally apply a survey. The information obtained was processed automatically, and summary measures were used for descriptive statistics. Results:A positive advance was observed in the students´ perceptions regarding the importance and need of learning statistical content for their future profession, as well as their interest in its use in different areas or fields of professional activity. Conclusions:The implementation of integrating activities that link statistical content with interest, management and investigative work in the medical profession promotes professional motivation in medical students.Keywords:  motivation, professional motivation, medical students, teaching-learning process, statistical content, Statistics.

Introduction: Neurological manifestations associated to dengue virus are being reported more frequently.Objective:To identify the neuroimmune response evaluated by Reibergram in patients with neurological manifestations because of dengue virus.Material and methods: The highest levels of immunoglobulin and albumin were quantified in serum and the cerebrospinal fluid in six adult patients with neurological manifestations of dengue. Q function was calculated with the concentration values in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of these analytes. Values of immunoglobulin Q vs Q albumin were introduced in the specific Reibergrams for each immunoglobulin. Albumin was used as a marker for the evaluation of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.Results:Reibergram allowed to establish the incidence of intrathecal synthesis of higher immunoglobulins (three types of patterns) in both the postinfectious and parainfectious neurological manifestations, except a patient who developed Guillain-Barre Syndrome.  It also allowed to evaluate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in each patient.Conclusions:The use of Reibergram is important in the assessment of the immune response in patients with neurological manifestations of dengue virus.Keywords: neurological complications, dengue, Reibergram, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, encephalitis.

Introduction: The dentist profession has been considered to be, among biomedical disciplines, the one at highest risk of infection during the clinical practice. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge and practice about the prevention of communicable diseases and their relation to the years of professional experience in dental consulting rooms in a group of dentists in Marianao Municipality. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The universe of the study was composed of 119 dentists, and 83 dental technicians. A sample of 139 people was studied. The information was obtained by means of a questionnaire, and an observation guide. Results: The level of knowledge of the dentists and technicians was adequate (69.7 % and 71.4 %), respectively.  A higher level of knowledge was observed in those dentists and technicians that have been working fewer years since graduation (30.3 % dentists, and 28.6 % technicians).  A good prevention practice was observed in 57.9 % of dentists, and malpractice was observed in 57.1 % of technicians. Conclusions: An adequate level of knowledge predominates in the study. The group of one to five years after graduation has the best level of knowledge, whereas the group with more number of years after graduation puts better prevention rules into practice. In general, an insufficient evidence for prevention practice is demonstrated.Keywords:knowledge, practice, communicable diseases and infection, risk of infection.

Introduction: Cuban medical collaboration has not been limited to the field of health care, it has also included the training of own human resources, including the creation of Medical Faculties in other countries. The Faculty of Medicine of the Democratic Republic of Yemen is a leading example of this activity. Objective: To describe some characteristics and singularities of this relevant historical event of the Cuban medical collaboration. Material and Methods: A descriptive historical research was done, based on journalistic materials, photographs, personal diary and other documents of the author's archives. Development: The Faculty of Medicine of Aden was created in 1975 with the participation of Cuban professors as collaborators. During its second course, this Faculty received the visit of Commander-in-Chief Fidel Castro Ruz during his stay in the Democratic Republic of Yemen in March of 1977. The Yemeni press provided a wide coverage to the visit. Fidel had words of encouragement and admiration for the accomplishment of this collaboration. Conclusions: The creation of the Faculty of Medicine in the Democratic Republic of Yemen in 1975 was an important historical milestone in the development of Cuban medical collaboration. Fidel Castro's visit to the Faculty of Medicine in Aden in March 1977 was a stimulus of special significance for Cuban collaborators.Keywords: Medical collaboration, medical education, international cooperation, relevant history point.

Introduction: The dentigerous or follicular cyst is an odontogenic cyst that frequently develops in relation to a not erupted tooth crown, with a greater percentage of incidence in the lower third molars. Its great potential growth leads to asymmetries, paresthesia, dental displacement, and even neoplastic transformation.  For this reason, the therapeutic behavior with regard to this problem is of great importance.Objective: To show the treatment by enucleation of a mandibular dentigerous cyst of great proportions and elevated risk of mandibular fracture, followed in a single surgical time with a favorable evolution.Case presentation: 45 years old male patient that came to Service of Maxillofacial Surgery presenting an increase in the volume of the left mandibular zone; the panoramic radiography showed an unilocular radiolucent area of a great size, which compromised the mandibular body from tooth 33 up to reaching 2/3 of the ascending branch, associated to a retained third molar displaced to the lower mandibular edge. There was reabsorption of the roots of the 34 and 35 teeth, too.  The patient was treated in a single surgical time with removals of the affected teeth, intermaxillary blocking with previous placement of Gunning splints, cyst enucleation by cervical approach, and exerecis of the associated tooth. The histopathological diagnosis showed a dentigerous cyst.  The patient presented no complications, and had a favorable evolution.Conclusions: The dentigerous cysts can cause serious alterations when they are not diagnosed on time. The enucleation in a single surgical time is considered an election treatment to guarantee non-recurrence, whether all measures are taken to avoid trans and post-surgical complications.Keywords:epithelial cysts, odontogentic dentigerous cysts, maxillary cysts, follicular cysts, retained teeth.

Introduction: Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome is a multisystem neoplastic affection, which is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, with high penetrance. Its clinical expressivity is very diverse, ranging its incidence between 1/35000 and 1/36000 born alive. This disease is usually diagnosed between the 20 and 30 years of age, but its symptoms can appear in childhood. The most common and early initial clinical lesion is the hemangioblastoma of the retina and/or central nervous system. Objective:To present a case of a patient with multiple renal carcinoma as initial manifestation of Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome. Case presentation: 59 years old male patient with a history of good health who comes to the Emergency Room because of febrile clinical state of 3 days´ evolution, that was interpreted as dengue.  Abdominal ultrasound was included in the complementary studies, in which a solid mass at level of upper pole of right kidney was observed, associated with the existence of another one in lower pole of the same kidney, as well as two others in contralateral. Also, multiple pancreatic cysts and two left cortical renal ones were found. The patient underwent surgery, and the diagnosis of clear cells renal carcinoma was corroborated. The ophthalmological exam revealed the presence of a right retinal hemangioblastoma whereas the plain skull CT-scan, and the magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine did not show any alterations. Conclusions:This syndrome is a rare, but a serious genetic affection, characterized by a high risk to develop neoplastic diseases; that´s one reason why it is very important to know about it in order to identify, and treat its feared complications in time.Keywords: Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome, multiple renal carcinoma, hemangioblastoma of the retina, renal cysts, pancreatic cysts

Introduction: Universities are an excellent space to make investigations. The main function is to generate new knowledge. Objective: To evaluate the performed actions and results achieved by the Investigation's Department of the Faculty of Dentristy "Raúl González Sánchez" of the Havana Medical University, during the period 2011 - 2015. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was carry out at institutional level, of the actions performed and the results achieved of the Faculty's Investigation Department during the period 2011 - 2015. Were studied institutional actions done in favor of research as well as the variables associated with scientific research projects and publications performed. Results: Training workshops were held to prepare investigations projects, and publications and also workshop for the approval of 129 new projects. From those, 25,4% belong to Periodontics, 22,2% to Orthodontic, 18,3% to Prosthodontic and 16,3% to Integral General Stomatology. Release of scientific magazines to publish were: Refereed magazines (52.4%), of them, 22,2% in foreign magazines. 67,3% were new release. Conclusions: Between 2011 and 2015, research activity in the studied Faculty can be evaluated as satisfactory, due to there has been an increase in the number of research projects and the publications remained at similar levels for years, except 2015, in which they increased. The number of publications release from projects increased. More than half of the articles were published in refereed journals, the number of papers in foreign journals increased, and most were original articles. Keywords: Projects, investigations, publication, scientific production, faculty of dentistry.

Introduction: Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic tract is an infrequent group of neoplasias of late diagnosis, and complex treatment. Objective:To characterize tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic tract clinically, macroscopically, and histopathologically. Material and method:A cross-sectional descriptive observational study of 54 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of these neoplasias was conducted, confirmed by immunohistochemistry, and diagnosed in the Institute of Gastroenterology, the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology, and "Hermanos Ameijeiras" Clinical and Surgical Hospital during the period 2008-2014. Results: The female sex (66,7%), and the 50-69 age group (48,1%) were the most frequent ones. The most reported clinical manifestation was abdominal pain (87%), followed by diarrheas (16.7%), and icterus (14.8%).  The tumors were more frequently located in the small intestine (31,5%), and the pancreas (27,8%).  Polypoideal endoscopic lesion was observed in 88,9% of the patients.  Most of the tumors were smaller than 2 cm. Degree 1 and 2 tumors had the same behavior with regard to frequency (40.7%).  There was no significant statistical association among localization of the tumor, size, and histological degree. Conclusions:The female sex, and the 50-69 age group predominated in the study; the most frequent clinical symptom was abdominal pain; the lesions were more frequently localized in the small intestine and the pancreas, with a predominance of polypoid form as endoscopic pattern, and tumors smaller than 2 cm.  There was no association among anatomic localization, size of the lesion, and histopathological classification.Keywords: neuroendocrine tumors, gastroenteropancreatic tract, clinical manifestations, characteristics of the lesions, localization, immunohistochemistry.